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Book._ -^^^ 



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SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL MONOGRAPHS 

Published in conjunction with 
THE SCHOOL REVIEW and THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JOURNAL 

Vol. Ill September 1920 

No. 2 Whole No. 13 



THE HISTORY OF 

EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

FROM 1 803 TO 1 850 



By 
EDWARD ALANSON MILLER* Ph.D. 




THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 

mOntgnph 



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SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL MONOGRAPHS 

Published in conjunction with 
THE SCHOOL REVIEW and THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JOURNAL 

Vol. Ill September, 1920 

No. 2 Whole No. 13 



The History of 

Educational Legislation in Ohio 

From 1803 to 1850 



First printed in 
Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 
Volume XXVII, Nos. i and 2 



The History of 

Educational Legislation in Ohio 

From 1803 to 1850 



By 

EDWARD ALANSON MILLER, Ph.D. 

Professor oj Education 
Oberlin College 




THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 






Copyright 1920, By 
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 



Published September 1920 



JUL II 



1922 



©CI.A681096 



•^i^ 



PREFACE 

Ohio's educational history has been an especially interesting 
one. Many causes have combined to make it so. It was the first 
state admitted from the Northwest Territory, and as such carried 
on the earliest experiments with the great state-wide grant of 
school lands that has characterized our policy since that time in 
the admission of new states to the Union. It was settled with 
unexampled rapidity, changing from a wilderness frontier to a 
great and prosperous commonwealth in a single generation. The 
settlement was a singularly heterogeneous one, coming from the 
East, the Middle States, and the South, with a considerable influx 
directly from Europe. These early settlements were being estab- 
lished, too, while those democratic and individualistic tendencies 
that marked the first decades of the nineteenth century were in 
progress. During these years the district school idea was at its 
height in Massachusetts and the East, the private academy was 
displacing the town grammar school, and state control of public 
education was at low ebb. 

These causes, with others more local in nature, were instrumen- 
tal in shaping the educational activities of the state in the first 
fifty years of its history and have left their imprint on all the later 
development. 

It is my purpose to give a careful study and interpretation of 
the educational legislation of the state from territorial days down 
to 1850. In this legislation one finds the truest expression of the 
constructive educational thought and activity of the period. 

In such a study there must be included not merely the laws that 
bear on the development of a state system of public education, 
but the much larger number that are concerned with private 
educational ventures of various kinds. To these must be added 
those laws that bear on higher and professional education, all that 
touch upon supplementary agencies of any kind, and also any 
provisions made for the indigent, defective, and delinquent classes. 

A study of this kind is needed as a background before any 
adequate state or national history of education is possible. Such a 
study also gives the general student of history a view of one of the 



vi PREFACE 

most important phases in the social development of a state, and a 
closer acquaintance with the growth of some of the most important 
institutions that society has discovered to aid it in its progress. 

I have attempted in the following pages to present the material 
in such a way that it will be of service to the general student, and 
also in the appendixes to furnish a guide for anyone desiring further 
information from the source material on any particular phase of the 
state's educational activities. 

The plan of arrangement is as follows: A discussion and inter- 
pretation of the laws passed from 1803 to 1850; Appendix A, a 
classified list of the titles of the more important acts; Appendix B, 
a complete index, page and volume, to all the legislation that in 
any way touches upon education, in the session laws of Ohio from 
1803 to 1850, including both the general and the local laws. 

In many cases I have not given the exact titles in the appen- 
dixes, for the sake of both brevity and clearness; enough of titles 
and content to indicate the general meaning of the act is given. 
In Appendix A a brief abstract of the laws is also included where 
it seemed necessary to give more information than the title itself 
conveys. 

This is especially the case in the acts of incorporation of that 
large number of secondary and higher institutions that were so 
abundant in the first fifty years of Ohio's history. A complete 
tabulation of these acts is here given, and, as it is the only complete 
list of these institutions that has been made, it seemed best to 
preserve in a few words the chief points of historical interest that 
appear in the laws. 

I felt this to be particularly the case with the secondary schools. 
These have nearly all passed out of existence, and, as they mark 
one of the most important stages in the development of our secon- 
dary education, a somewhat more complete abstract is given than 
that dealing with most of the other subjects. 

The public-school laws are more easily accessible and they are 
usually indicated by title only. There was an exceptionally large 
amount of legislation, especially of a local and special character, 
dealing with the school lands. The more important of these acts 
are included by title in the first appendix with a mere tabulation of 
those that had only local significance. 

The laws in Appendix A are grouped under the following 
headings: 



PREFACE vii 

I. The public-school system. 

1. General legislation. 

a) Acts to incorporate the original surveyed townships including 

provisions for districting, establishing schools, apportioning 
money, etc. 

b) General school laws. 

c) Special acts concerning public schools. 

d) Fines, fees, etc., applied to the support of public schools. 

2. City and town school charters. 

a) Laws concerning common schools in cities and towns. 

b) Acts concerning local school funds. 

c) Acts concerning schools for poor children. 
II. Laws concerning school lands. 

1. General laws concerning school lands. 

2. Special acts concerning school lands. 

III. Secondary and higher education. 

1. Acts incorporating secondary institutions. 

2. Acts incorporating school associations. 

3. Acts concerning higher institutions. 

a) Colleges, universities, and theological seminaries. 

4. Acts concerning professional education, 
o) Medical education. 

b) Legal education. 

IV. Acts concerning the education of defectives, dependents, and delin- 

quents. 

1. Education of defectives. 

2. Education of dependents. 

3. Education of delinquents. 

V. Acts concerning the education of teachers. 
VI. Acts concerning supplementary educational agencies. 

Appendix B furnishes a page and volume index to all laws, 
resolutions, and memorials that have any educational significance 
in either the general or the local laws from 1803 to 1850. The 
indexes in the volumes of the session laws themselves are some- 
times defective, and they are, too, an unreliable guide, as many 
important items are found in laws the titles to which give no hint 
that they contain material that relates in any way to education. 

The primary source material has been the session laws of the 
state of Ohio. The Revised Statutes for this period have also 
been consulted. 

It was found necessary to examine all the laws of the period, 
special and general, as the titles and indexes were not dependable. 
A considerable quantity of material was also found in the resolu- 
tions and memorials. 



viii PREFACE 

The United States Statutes at Large were used to secure federal 
legislation concerning school lands in Ohio. Nashee's A Compilation 
of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the 
State of Ohio was relied upon especially for acts passed during the 
territorial period. 

The earliest congressional legislation was secured from the 
Journals of the American Congress, reprinted by Way and 
Gideon, in 1823, under the title as given. 

The chief secondary sources consulted are indicated in the 
bibliography. 



CONTENTS 

CHAPTER 

General Introduction 



PAGE 

xi 



I. The Sources of Ohio's Public-School System 1 

Introductory. Ohio's admission to the Union. Consti- 
tutional provisions for education. Traditions of decentral- 
ization. Early settlements and centers of influence. Growth 
in population. Conflicting educational ideals. Dominant 
educational influences at the time of settlement. New Eng- 
land influences. School lands. Early practice in New 
England. Its extension in Ohio. The Ordinance of 1785. 
The Ohio Company and Symmes Purchases. The state- 
wide grant. New England men and school legislation. 
Ephraim Cutler and the law of 1821. Caleb Atwater and 
his report. Nathan Guilford and the law of 1825. The 
work of Samuel Lewis and the law of 1838. The schools 
that preceded the school laws. 

II. The Development of the Public-School System 16 

Organization. Summary. School support. Rates. 
Revenue from school lands. Permanent funds. State 
school fund. Surplus revenue. Taxation. Fines and pen- 
alties. Control and supervision. Certification of teachers. 
Curricula. Length of school year. School officers. Schools 
for colored children. City and village schools. Cincinnati. 
Cleveland. Portsmouth. Zanesville. General laws for cities 
and towns before the Akron Act. Dayton. Columbus. 
Mt. Vernon. Akron. Akron Act made general in applica- 
tion. 

III. The Public-School Lands 54 

Various tracts and grants. Methods of survey. School 
grants for the different tracts. Reasons for lack of uni- 
formity in the method of granting the lands. Location of 
the tracts receiving grants other than Section 16. Legislative 
responsibility for the school lands. Formal legal guarding of 
school rights. Methods of making the grant productive. 
Temporary leasing. Results. Permanent leasing. Results. 
Atwater's report. Cessation of leasing. Memorial to 
Congress for authorization to sell the school lands. The sale 
of the lands. State losses in selling the leased land. Summary. 



CONTENTS 



IV. Secondary and Higher Education 75 

Secondary education. Legal provisions. The recom- 
mendations of Superintendent Lewis for township high 
schools. Kinds of secondary institutions. Method of in- 
corporation. Enumeration and classification of secondary 
schools. Education societies. Denominational influences. 
Curricula. Manual labor influence. Limits of state control. 
Higher education. Enumeration of institutions incorporated. 
State influence on higher education. Ohio University. 
Miami University. State aid to other colleges. Denomina- 
tional influences. Agricultural education. Summary. Pro- 
fessional schools. Medical education. Legal education. 

V. The Education of Defectives, Dependents, and Delinquents 99 

Legislation concerning the education of the deaf and 
dumb. Legislation concerning the education of the blind. 
Legislation concerning dependents. Orphan asylums. Edu- 
cation of delinquents. 

VL The Training of Teachers 106 

State attitude. Voluntary associations. The Western 
College of Teachers. The Teachers' Institute. Private 
enterprises. County teachers' institutes authorized. Pri- 
vate normal schools. 

VII. Supplementary Educational Agencies 110 

Libraries. Lyceums. Institutes. Athenaeums and 
literary societies. College societies and fraternities. Mis- 
cellaneous organizations of educational significance. 

114 

VIII. Conclusion 

Main features. Decentralization. Permissive legisla- 
tion. Educational experimentation. Advanced position 
on taxation for schools. Lack of efficient organization. The 
blunder of 1840. Disastrous experience with school lands. 
Attitude toward secondary and higher education. Influence 
of early history on the later educational development of the 
state. 

Appendix A 119 

A Classified Collection and Abstract of the Educational 
Legislation of the Period: 1803-50. 

Appendix B 179 

A Page and Volume Index to All Educational Legisla- 
tion in the Session Laws of Ohio from 1803 to 1850. 

Bibliography 225 

Index 231 



GENERAL INTRODUCTION 

This monograph is the second of a series on the history of the 
educational legislation of various states, principally in the period 
1776-1850. In the first monograph, "Educational Legislation and 
Administration in the State of New York from 1777 to 1850," by 
Elsie Garland Hobson, there will be found a general introduction to 
this series explaining its scope and purpose. Attention is called to 
the fact that these monographs represent an effort to vitalize Ameri- 
can educational history by emphasizing its institutional aspects, 
heretofore greatly neglected. The tendency to consider educational 
theory and method as the chief subject-matter of our educational 
history has done much harm, for no great progress can be made 
toward a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of Ameri- 
can education until we have an accurate knowledge of all the laws 
passed by each state, affecting either public or private education. 
That knowledge is not now available. It may be noted also that 
detailed studies of this sort are of great importance to students of 
the general history of the United States, or the individual states, 
as well as to those who are especially interested in our social, 
religious, economic, or political history. The lack of such studies 
is the reason for the inadequate and inaccurate account of American 
education in general and special histories of the types mentioned 
above. The present volume is of special interest because it shows 
how the first frontier state formed from the Northwest Territory 
reacted to the problem of education and how it dealt with the 
difficult problem of the management of the federal land grants for 
the endowment of public education. The experience of Ohio had 
great influence on the attitude of other western states toward this 
problem. Professor Miller has made available information from 
original sources, hitherto practically inaccessible, and has given in 
the appendixes the data which make it possible for one to inves- 
tigate in still greater detail the relation of the state of Ohio to 
education to 1850, so far as it is expressed in the legislation. 

Marcus W. Jernegan 

University of Chicago 
March 24, 1919 

xi 



CHAPTER I 

THE SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 

INTRODUCTORY 

Ohio was admitted into the Union as a state February 19, 1803.^ 
It was the first state admitted from the Northwest Territory and 
the first state to which the grant of Section 16 for school purposes 
was made. The legislation concerning school lands was intimately 
connected with the development of the public-school system, and 
in the method to be adopted to make this great grant productive 
of the desired results Ohio had no precedents or warnings for her 
guidance.^ 

The constitution adopted when Ohio became a state remained 
in force until 1851. It made no specific provisions for education, 
but stated that means of education^ should be encouraged by 
legislative enactments; that all institutions of all grades, endowed 
in whole or in part from revenues derived from the donations of 
the United States, should be open without distinction to all scholars; 
and that associations of persons might receive letters of incorpora- 
tion from the legislature to enable them to hold estates for the 
support of their schools, academies, colleges, and universities. 

No provision for public schools was made by any general law 
during the first eighteen years after Ohio's admission, the first 
school law being passed in 1821.^ From this period until 1850 
eight general school codes were enacted with numerous amendments 
and supplementary acts and a mass of special legislation concern- 
ing particular districts or territories. 

The traditions of Ohio were from the first against centraliza- 
tion.^ The first constitution was formed soon after the bitter 
political struggle between Jefferson and Adams, and at a time when 
the arbitrary domination of the territorial governor, Arthur 

' Statistical Abstract of U.S., 1910, p. 21. 

^ Land set aside for individual towns had been common in New England and elsewhere, but there 
was no precedent to direct action in the case of a state-wide grant intended for the use of the individual 
townships. 

'O.L., I., Art. 8, Sec. 3; Art. 8, Sec. 25; Art. 8, Sec. 27. 

^O.L.,XIX. 51. 

* Orth, TIte Centralization of Administration in Ohio, p. 11. 

1 



2 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

St. Clair, had prejudiced the people against centralized executive 
power. Nowhere is this prejudice against centralized administra- 
tion better illustrated than in the various phases of educational 
legislation. The tendency throughout the period under discussion 
was to depend largely upon local initiative and control. The 
encouragement of education by legislative provision specified in the 
constitution was interpreted by the legislature to mean the passing 
of a larger number of local acts to meet the special needs or desires of 
particular districts, or even, in the case of school lands, the desires 
of individuals, while the general laws may be said to have pointed 
out methods of organization and control rather than to have devised 
any efficient system of supervision or penalties actually to bring 
about specific educational results. 

The general laws are largely permissive in character, with the 
initiative left in many cases to the discretion of the local community. 
There are doubtless other reasons for this than the prejudice against 
the acts of Arthur St. Clair and the general political state of mind 
in the West during the early period of Ohio's history. 

Ohio in its early statehood was a frontier community, settled 
by a class of people that in the very nature of the case were com- 
pelled largely to be self-reliant and to solve their own problems, 
educational as well as other. It was a heavily timbered area. 
Means of communication were difficult. It would have been a 
hard matter to establish any general system of control or super- 
vision in the early period, and when means of communication had 
become simplified, through a system of state roads and canals,^ 
the people had become habituated to attending to their own edu- 
cational needs. 

The settlers in Ohio, too, had no common educational back- 
ground. They came from New England, from Virginia, Maryland, 
and Kentucky, and, in fact, from nearly all the older states.^ 

A glance at the map on page 55 shows that the state was divided 
into a number of separate districts such as the Western Reserve, 
the Ohio Company's Purchase, the Symmes Purchase, the Vir- 
ginia Military Lands, and the United States Military Lands. The 
early settlements in these sections were usually made up of people 
who came into the wilderness together from one or another of the 
older states of the Union. 

* A large part of the early legislation of Ohio is concerned with state roads, turnpike companies, plank 
roads, canals, etc. 

2 .\t\vater, A History oj the State of Ohio, Natural and Civil, p. 351. 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 3 

Each of these districts, in its customs and ideals, reflected the 
current thought and practice of that part of the country from which 
its settlers came, and in no field was this more evident than in that 
of education. The Ohio Company's Purchase and the Western 
Reserve were at first largely settled by colonists from New England. 
Marietta, dating from 1787, and Cleveland, from 1796, were the 
respective centers of influence in these two districts. 

Three colonies were planted in the Symmes Purchase in 1788; 
the one at Losantiville, later rechristened Cincinnati by Governor 
St. Clair, was destined to be in many ways a leader for the entire 
state as well as for the Miami country. The early settlers here, 
as at Marietta, had many of them seen service in the Revolutionary 
War. They came from no single locality, but New Jersey men 
seemed most prominent in the early settlement, aided by the other 
Middle States.^ Later there were many settlers from Virginia, 
Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and the New England states. 

The Virginia Military Lands,^ located between the Little Miami 
and the Scioto rivers, received its first settlers from Virginia and 
the South. General Nathaniel Massie and Duncan McArthur 
founded Chillicothe, on the Scioto River, in 1796, the first colony 
in this district. 

On the eastern edge of the state, south of the Western Reserve, 
are the so-called Seven Ranges, the name given to the ranges of 
townships first surveyed in Ohio. While there was no such coloni- 
zation here as in the districts already named, the first settlers were 
largely from Pennsylvania, and of German stock, with a con- 
siderable number of Irish, Scotch, and Scotch-Irish. 

The United States Military Lands seem to have had no early 
homogeneous group, but drew settlers from all the older states. 

There was also a considerable French settlement at Gallipolis 
and a sprinkling of French all along the Ohio River. 

From 1830 on there was a very considerable German influence 
from the influx of German immigrants that began at that time.' 

The population increased with astonishing rapidity after Ohio 
was admitted as a state, constant accessions from the older states 
were added to the early settlements, and in the years from 1810 to 

• Charles Cist, Cincinnati in 1841 — Its Early Annals and Future Prospects, p. 38; Hinsdale, The Old 
Northwest, pp. 288-89. 

^ Ibid., p. 290; Western Reserve Historical Society, II, pp. 153-54. 

'Orth, The Centralization of Administration in Ohio, p. 164; Chaddock, Ohio Before 1850. A Study 
of the Early Influence of Pennsylvania and Southern Populations in Ohio, p. 30. 



4 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

1840 tlic transformation from a thickly wooded frontier to a settled 
farming; community had largely taken place. The census figures 
from 1800 to 1850 give some idea of this transformation. At the 
beginning of the century the population was 45,365; fifty years 
later it had increased to 1,980,329. The record of increase by 
decades which follows gives an even better picture of the sudden 
changes that must have occurred : 

1800 45,365 

1810 230,760 

1820 580,434 

1830 937,903 

1840 1,519,467 

1850 1,980,329' 

The census figures for the last decade of this period show a 
foreign-born population of 218,193. In 1850 there were almost as 
many people of foreign birth in the state as its entire population 
had amoimted to only forty years earlier in 1810. These people 
of foreign birth were largely of German stock. 

It was no easy problem to develop a system of education to 
meet the needs of this surprising growth, coming as it did from all 
the older states and from foreign shores. 

There was in these early years no agreement as to the means of 
financing any general system of education, nor any real agreement 
as to the needs of such a system. The educational traditions were 
quite different in different portions of the state. Samuel Lewis in 
his second annual report in 1838 says: "The people have not hereto- 
fore followed any particular system. The directors of each district 
have done that which was right in their own eyes, and generally 
adopted, as far as they could, the particular system of the state 
from whence they came."^ Those from the South brought tradi- 
tions of the private school and parental responsibility for education. 
The New F^ngland settlers brought with them the idea of a public- 
school system, with taxation and public control, but unfortunately 
for Ohio's subsequent educational history the New England migra- 
tion came at a period when the public-school sentiment in Massa- 
chusetts and the East was at a comparatively low ebb, and when 
the decentralizing tendency that gave Massachusetts the district- 
school legislation of 1789 was at its time of greatest influence. 

' Statistical Abstract of U.S., Washington, 1911, p. 40. 
2 Ohio Documents, 1838, Doc. 32, p. 30. 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 5 

From this time for nearly forty years the process of decentralization 
went on. Martin says the year 1827 is "the high-water mark of 
modern democracy and the low-water mark of the Massachusetts 
school system."^ The New England influence in Ohio began with 
the Marietta colony in 1787. By 1830 the population of the state 
had reached nearly a million, and it was during just these years 
that the school sentiment in Massachusetts was lowest. 

It was at this time, too, that the academy was supplanting the 
Latin grammar school of the colonial period as the typical secondary 
school. 

The New England settlers favored the public-school idea, but 
it was the highly decentralized district system with which they were 
familiar. The academy idea was the common possession of settlers 
from all the states. 

The common school as a district school, the secondary school 
as an academy, were two fundamental conceptions in the minds of 
all those who were active in securing Ohio's early school legislation. 
While many influences were thus instrumental in shaping Ohio's 
early educational history, her debt to New England for the men 
and ideas most significant in determining her early public-school 
system is so large that a brief sketch of a few of these men and of 
the forces that worked through them is a necessary prerequisite 
to an intelligent study of the development of that system. 

The most important of these forces were, first, the school 
lands ;^ secondly, the conception of a state system of schools; and, 
thirdly, the idea of state-wide taxation for the benefit of such a 
system. 

The use of public lands for the aid and support of schools had 
its origin in New England. The men most instrumental in urging 
Ohio's first law, giving a legal basis to the conception of a state 
system of schools, were born in New England. The men most 
active in legalizing the idea of state-wide taxation to support this 
system were also New England born, and the man who did most 
to make these ideas, incorporated into law, actually operative in 
the establishment of schools and to give a real organization to the 
system legally created was a man of New England birth. 

When Ohio was admitted as a state. Section 16 in each town- 
ship, or an equivalent amount of land in those districts not belong- 

' Martin, The Evolution oj the Massachusetts School System: A Historical Sketch, p. 92. 
^ A discussion of the school lands, with maps, methods of survey, etc., is given in chapter iii. 



6 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

ing to the United States, was permanently set aside for the use of 
schools. 

This grant gave for the use of schools an amount of land equal 
to one square mile, or 640 acres, for each surveyed township of 
36 square miles. 

The practice of using public lands for the support of schools 
had been from early colonial times a common New England device, 
and by 1647 certain towns had "assumed responsibility for the 
support of schools out of public property, partly through gifts of 
land to schoolmasters, partly by setting aside tracts of land as a 
permanent endowment."^ 

This New England practice first found state-wide expression 
when Ohio was admitted to the Union, and from that time on 
became an established policy in the admission of all later states. 
The Ordinance of 1785 "for ascertaining the mode of disposing of 
lands in the Western territory "^ reserved Section 16 in each town- 
ship "for the maintenance of public schools within the said town- 
ship." This provision, according to Donaldson,^ was the inception 
of the rule of the reservation of certain sections of land for school 
purposes. The first action in accord with this provision occurred 
within the next two years, when Manasseh Cutler, as agent for the 
Ohio Company, completed the bargain for the lands acquired by 
the company at the mouth of the Muskingum.^ Not only did 
Mr. Cutler obtain a reaffirmation of the provision for the grant of 
Section 16 for school purposes, but a grant of Section 29 in each 
township for the support of religion, and also an added grant of 
two townships for the support of a university. It was this bargain 
of the Ohio Company, engineered by Manasseh Cutler, that put 
into actual operation the provisions of the Ordinance of 1785 con- 
cerning school lands. This was followed immediately by the 
Symmes Purchase, between the Miami rivers, and Sections 16 and 
29 were similarly reserved. 

With the admission of Ohio as a state the same provision for 
schools. Section 16 or its equivalent for each township, was extended 
to the remainder of the state except the portion still held by the 
Indian tribes. Ultimately the reservation was extended to all 
territory within the state. 

* Jemegan, "The Beginnings of Public Education in New England," School Review, XXUI, 379. 
2 Laws of U.S., 1789-181S, Vol. I, chap, xxxii. 

^ T. Donaldson, The Public Domain, chap. xiii. 

* Hinsdale, The Old Northwest, p. 268. 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 7 

In this state-wide grant was found an interest that directed the 
attention of settlers in all parts of the state, and from all parts of 
the United States, to the purpose for which the grants were made, 
the schools. The first legislation concerning schools is found in 
efforts made to work out a method of handling the school lands, 
and they remain during Ohio's early statehood one of the persistent 
incentives to educational legislation and a constant suggestion of a 
state school system. 

The first general school act for Ohio was passed January 22, 
1821.^ It is a significant fact that the four men most instrumental 
in putting on the statute books of Ohio laws providing for a tax- 
supported system of common schools were all born in Massa- 
chusetts. These men were Ephraim Cutler, Caleb Atwater, Nathan 
Guilford, and Samuel Lewis. 

Ephraim Cutler, of Ames, Washington County, near Marietta, 
was the son of Manasseh Cutler, the inspired lobbyist of the Ohio 
Company. He was born in Edgartown, Massachusetts, but spent 
his boyhood in Killingly, Connecticut, with his grandparents and 
came to Ohio in his early manhood. He was one of the drafters 
of the state constitution, and it was due to his efforts that there 
were incorporated the clauses providing that "religion, morality 
and knowledge, as essentially necessary to good government," 
were to be supported by the General Assembly and "that schools 
and the means of instruction shall forever be encouraged by legis- 
lative provision."^ 

Judge Cutler in December, 1819, introduced a bill in the House 
of Representatives providing for a system of common schools. 
The bill as introduced was passed by the House, but was allowed 
to die without action in the Senate. It was this bill, however, that 
led to the law of 1821, a substitute measure that did little more 
than outline a method of school organization and in so doing 
recognized the state's responsibility of legislating for schools. 

Caleb Atwater was born in North Adams, Massachusetts.^ 
He was appointed one of a committee of seven, in December, 1821, 
to consider the subject of schools and school lands and report to 
the House of Representatives. As a result of the deliberations of 
this committee a commission of five was appointed, January, 1822, 

'O.L.,XIX, 21. 

^ Cutler, Life and Times of Ephraim Culler, pp. 8, 1 14. 

' History of Franklin and Pickawy Counties, Ohio, p. 98. 



8 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

to report to the next General Assembly on a system of common 
schools. 

This commission collected much valuable material, which was 
presented to the Assembly in 1823, but the friends of education were 
in a minority, and no legislative action was taken during that 
session. One of the members of this commission was Nathan 
Guilford, a book-dealer and publisher of Cincinnati, the editor of 
The Freeman's Almanack, a western counterpart of Poor Richard, 
popularly known as Solomon Thrifty s Almanack. 

Mr. Guilford was born in Spencer, Massachusetts,^ and was 
(educated at Yale. He was a constant advocate of popular educa- 
tion and of taxation for schools in Ohio. 

Samuel Lewis, Ohio's first and greatest state superintendent of 
schools, was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts,^ but came to Ohio 
as a boy. He was the author of, and prime mover for, the school 
law of 1838, which gave to Ohio its first completely organized school 
system. 

The act of 1821 had done little more than legalize means by 
which the settlers in the townships could move to lay off districts 
and establish schools. It made no provision for taxation and 
organized no definite system. It was, however, important as the 
first state recognition of a system of common schools. It was 
evident to friends of public education that the law of 1821 was 
inadequate and ineffective, and there began at once a campaign 
for a more effective law. 

Nathan Guilford used the sayings of Solomon Thrifty to arouse 
the people of the state to the need of a free common school educa- 
tion. In 1824 he says: "The Legislatures of Ohio and Kentucky 
have taken the subject of free schools into consideration. It is 
hoped that their zealous endeavors to establish a system of common 
education will be crowned with success. Millions unborn would 
rise and bless them."^ 

Caleb Atwater and his committee , after careful study and much 
correspondence, had recommended a commission of seven to report 
on the subject of the school lands and a school system. This com- 
mission^ consisted of Caleb Atwater, Rev. John Collins, Rev. James 
Hoge, Nathan Guilford, Ephraim Cutler, Josiah Barber, and 

1 Randall and Ryan, History of Ohio, III, 374. 

^ William G. W. Lewis, Biography of Samuel Lewis, p. 13. 

s "Maxims and Advice of Solomon Thrifty," The Freeman's Almanack, 1824. 

* Atwater, A History of the State of Ohio, Natural and Civil, p. 259. 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 9 

James Bell. The number corresponded with the total number of 
different grants of school lands, and each man was to study and 
report upon the condition of the lands in the territory assigned 
him. Caleb Atwater was assigned the Congress Lands; John 
CoUins, the Virginia Military Lands; James Hoge, the Refugee 
Lands; James Bell, the United States Military Lands; Ephraim 
Cutler, the Ohio Company Lands; Nathan Guilford, the Symmes 
Purchase Lands; and Josiah Barber, the Connecticut Western 
Reserve Lands. 

It was evidently the original opinion of many of the settlers 
in Ohio, and perhaps the design of Congress, that these land grants, 
if properly managed, would support public schools without a tax 
upon the citizens. There was a growing belief, however, that this 
one source of income would continue to prove inadequate. Nathan 
Guilford, who strongly advocated taxation, did not serve upon the 
commission, evidently believing that he could aid the cause of 
education better as a free lance. He addressed a public letter to 
the chairman of the board arguing for a school tax upon property 
and insisting that an adequate school fund could not be raised from 
the school lands alone. 

The commission had been directed to report upon three topics: 
the actual condition of the school lands; a bill proposing a system 
of school law; a report on the necessity and value of the system 
proposed. Pamphlets were issued on these topics and widely cir- 
culated, and they served to awaken an interest throughout the 
state in public education. 

The system proposed was modeled on the New York state 
system.^ It provided for an economical management of the 
school lands, but made no provision for taxation. The legislature 
of 1823 was, however, opposed to any liberal action for public 
education. Atwater says: "In this legislature were many 
influential men who were opposed to a school system, to a sale of 

school lands and to internal improvements This session 

had a majority of both houses opposed to a school system and the 
sale of school lands, and all that was done by them was to quarrel 
about these subjects. They finally broke up in a row and went 
home."2 

In the campaign for the state election of 1824 the subjects of 
internal improvements, the public-school system, and the taxation 

' Lewis, Biography of Samuel Lewis, p. 101. 

2 Atwater, A History of the Slate of Ohio, Natural and Civil, p. 261. 



10 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

system of the state were the main issues before the people. A 
majority favorable to the public schools and internal improvements 
was chosen, among them Nathan Guilford, elected to represent 
Cincinnati. When the legislature assembled, Governor Morrow 
presented the necessity for adequate legislation on all these ques- 
tions. His message recognizes the difficulty of bringing people of 
divergent educational views, with no common educational inheri- 
tance, to united action for public schools. In discussing the subject 
he says:^ "In this state there are causes, extensive in their nature, 
for difference of opinion on the subject. The population is com- 
posed principally of emigrants from the different States of the 
Union, with habits and modes of thinking on the subject, as dif- 
ferent as are the regulations of the States from whence they came. 
. . . . The act of the 22nd of January, 1821," he declares, is 
ineffective because the establishment of schools and school districts 
was made optional for the voters in each township. "Was this 
act made positive, and in some respects modified, we should have 
a system in force — perhaps not perfect — for the regulation of com- 
mon schools, which could be further improved, as experience under 
it should point out its defects." A joint committee^ was at once 
appointed in the General Assembly to study the subject and report 
an adequate bill. Mr. Guilford was made chairman of this com- 
mittee and drafted the report and bill, which finally passed both 
houses without amendment and became the law of 1825. There 
was a widespread feeling in the state against imposing a tax for 
general school purposes, but Mr. Guilford and Mr. Cutler stood 
firm for this measure, and, with the assistance of the supporters of 
the public-school idea, insured its passage by forming an active 
coalition with those legislators who were working in the interests 
of internal improvements, especially the advocates of state canals. 
In this work Mr. Guilford showed himself a skilled lobbyist and 
shrewd judge of men in his personal campaign among the members 
of both houses.' 

While the vote was proceeding in the house Mr. Cutler stood 
beside Mr. Guilford as they anxiously awaited the outcome, and 
when the result was announced, and it was assured that taxation 
for education had prevailed, he turned to his companion and 

» Taylor, A Manual oj the Ohio School System, pp. 132, 133. 

"^Ibid^X). 141. 

' Lewis, Biography of Samuel Lewis, p. 103. 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 11 

exclaimed: "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, 
according to thy word, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation." 
The great initial victory for public education had been won, and 
had been won primarily by New England ideas backed up by 
New England men. 

It remained to give these ideas and this system effective organi- 
zation. This was not accomplished until thirteen years later, in 
1838, under the leadership of Samuel Lewis, when a wholly new 
school code was adopted. Following the act of 1825 there were 
numerous modifications and amendments of the law, but no essen- 
tial change in the system of administration was made until 1838. 

The law of 1825 had made no provision for centralized control, 
and had created no adequate machinery for uniting the various 
schools and districts established into a true state system. There 
was no state, county, or township supervision, and but little actual 
knowledge, and no control, of what various communities were doing 
educationally. While the law had established the fundamental 
principle of taxation for schools, the actual system remained a head- 
less, disjointed, decentralized, and ineffective one. 

The first suggestions for reform came from the friends of educa- 
tion in Cincinnati. A group of teachers and other earnest advo- 
cates of popular education had organized a voluntary association 
known as the College of Teachers or Western Academic Institute.^ 
This body met annually for the discussion and study of educational 
topics and attracted to its meetings, not only Ohio teachers, but 
educational leaders from the other western states as well. Partly 
as a result of a demand for a better organization created through 
the discussions of this association,^ a bill was introduced in 1837 to 
create the office of state superintendent of common schools. It 
met with determined opposition, but finally passed the House by 
a vote of 35 to 34, and became a law in March, of the same year, 
with a decisive vote in its favor in the Senate. 

Samuel Lewis, of Cincinnati, was the first and only incumbent 
of the office, which he held for three years. The law of 1838 was a 
direct result of the work of his first year and of his study of the needs 
and conditions of schools as he saw them while touring the state 
visiting the schools and addressing meetings in an attempt to 
arouse people to an active interest in the need of better school 

' O.L., XXX, 232. 

2 Lewis, Biography of Samuel Ltwis, pp. 119, 120. 



12 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

conditions. In this work he visited more than three hundred 
schools, traveHng on horse-back over twelve hundred miles over 
the rough country roads, visiting schools by day, addressing public 
meetings by night, and everywhere preaching the gospel of a better 
school system and a free education for every Ohio boy and girl. 
He always found it hard, and often discouraging work. He whites 
from Cleveland in November, 1837: 

I arrived here today almost worn down; have rode on an average twenty-six 
miles a day this week. I generally spend three or four hours a day in conversa- 
tion, answering questions, giving explanations, and making suggestions. It is 
harder than it would be to deliver an address every day an hour and a half long. 

.... I fear you overvalue my efforts I shall, however, do my best. 

I leave here on Monday, if health permit, and shall get along as fast as I can to 

Columbus, visiting on my route, as I suppose, about sixteen counties 

The task before me is so great, that with all my time and close attention, I shall 
hardly be able to get through. 

In a later letter he writes: 

On Saturday last, I delivered an address at Canton, and after riding twenty- 
six miles on Monday, spoke in the evening to a large audience, and I believe I 

did good I work hard day and night, and I find it a kind of up-hill 

business. If men would only do something, even in opposition, it would be 
better than it is. Almost every man agrees with me; thousands listen and 
applaud; and even candid men of sense declare they have never heard this subject 
treated with so much interest, and then leave it to go alone, or get on unaided by 
their efforts. Still I am not discouraged, but am determined to work on till my 
report is in, hoping at least for the final triumph of sound principles and practice. ' 

His report for the year 1837, based on his own observation 
and such statistics as he could gather from the county auditors, 
gave the first assembled information about the common schools 
of the state. The report found the legislature in a receptive mood, 
and the law of 1838 was passed with but little opposition. The 
essential feature of the new law, in comparison with those that 
had preceded, consisted in the fact that it gave organization and 
headship to the system. 

The new code retained the state superintendent at the head 
of the schools; the act of 1837 had created the ofifice, but had done 
nothing to change the rest of the law or the machinery of adminis- 
tration. In each county the new law made the county auditor 
also the county superintendent of schools, and, as such, responsible 

1 Lewis, Biography of Samuel Lewis, p. 123. 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 13 

to the state superintendent in all educational affairs. Similarly in 
each township the township clerk was made the township superin- 
tendent of schools, subordinate to the county superintendent. 

An organization had been established by means of which an 
authorized state officer could reach out into the most remote dis- 
trict of the state, either to give help or information or to see that 
the law was obeyed. If equipped with the proper men, Ohio, 
through this law, had the mechanism for effective educational 
administration. 

The real strength of the system rested in the office of state 
superintendent. Mr. Lewis filled the office for three years, and in 
those three years did the same kind of work for Ohio that Horace 
Mann was doing for Massachusetts. Unfortunately for Ohio and 
her subsequent educational history, Mr. Lewis, because of failing 
health, gave up the office after three years of tireless service, and 
the legislature, because some opposition had developed, transferred 
the work to the office of the secretary of state. This office was 
given four hundred dollars additional for clerk hire, and the work 
became the collection of statistics and making of reports, not the 
administration of a state-wide school system. 

We have seen that the old New England idea of using lands 
for schools first found application in Ohio, and that New England 
men were chiefly instrumental in giving to the state the first law 
of 1821, the principle of taxation in 1825, and the organized system 
of 1838. We may now turn to a more detailed study of the laws 
themselves. 

Before doing this, however, we must say a few words about 
the schools from 1803 to 1821, the date of the first school law. 
The general type of common schools during this period was the 
pay or subscription school.^ The following agreements and adver- 
tisements give a picture of the practice, such that any added 
explanation is unnecessary. 

An advertisement in the Western Spy, October 22, 1799, reads 
as follows: 

English School. — The subscriber informs the inhabitants of this town that 
his school is this day removed, and is now next door to Mr. Thomas Williams, 
skin-dresser. Main Street. Gentlemen who have not subscribed may send their 

1 Historical Sketches of Public Schools in Cities, Villages, and Townships of lite State of Ohio, a Centennial 
publication; gives an account of the development of the school system in 47 cities and villages of the state. 
In 41 cases the writers mention some form of private school as preceding or paralleling the public school. 



14 HISTORY OF ILDUCATIONAL Lr.GISLATION IN OHIO 

scholars on the same terms as subscribers, (commencing this day). He also 
intends to comnicnre an evening school in the same house on the third day of 
November next, where writing and arithmetic, etc., will be taught four evenings 
in each week, from 6 to 9 o'clock, during the term of three months. The terms 
for each scholar will be two dollars, the scholars to find firewood and candles. 
He akso furnishes deeds and indentures, etc., on reasonable terms. 

James White* 

'Hiis is ^ivcn by VcMial)k', together with the following, appearing 
ill a Cincinnati paper in 1804: 

Notice. — The jjublic in general and my former subscribers in particular, 
are respectfully informed that I e.xpect to commence school again on the 1st day 
of January, 1805. I shall teach reading, writing, arithmetic and English gram- 
mar, indiscriminately, for two dollars per quarter. The strictest care will be 
given to the school, as my circumstances will then admit of my constant presence 
with the school. Those who place confidence in my abilities and fidelity may 
be assured that both will be employed to please the parents who shall commit, 
and bcnefil the children who shall be coniinitted to my care. 

Ezra Spencer^ 

The two iigreements between teacher and parents which follow 
illustrate the common practice in the employment of a teacher 
and establishment of a school: 

This article between the underscribed subscribers, of the one part, and Jabez 
P. Manning, of the other, Witnesseth: That said Manning doth on his part 
engage to teach a school at the school-house near the center of Youngstown for 
the term of one quarter, wherein he engages to teach reading, writing, arithmetic 
and English grammar; and furthermore, that the school shall be opened at 
9 o'clock A.M. and close at 4 r.M., of each day of the week (Saturday and Sunday 
excepted), and on Saturday to be opened at 9 o'clock and close at 12 o'clock a.m., 
and we, the subscribers, on our part individually engage to pay unto the said 
Maiming $1.75 for each and every scholar that we subscribe at the end of the 
term; and we, furthermore, engage to furnish the necessary expense of furniture, 
wood, and all other things necessary for the use of the school. Furthermore, we 
do engage that unless by the 6th of April of the present year the number of scholars 
subscribed amount to 35, that the said Manning is in no way obligated by this 
article. I'urthermore, we allow the said Manning the privilege of receiving five 
scholars more than are here specified. 

{Signed) J. P. Manning' 

YouNC.sTovvN, March M, IS18. 

We the subscribers, do hereby mutually agree to hire Miss Sally Rice to 
teach a school in the school-house near Mr. William Smith's, for the term of 

' \'cniil)lc, /<ci,';h"i");« ('/ I.ilcriiry Culture in the Ohio Valley, Historical and Biographical Sketches, 
pp. 185, 186. 
'■* Idem. 

' Historical Sketches of Public Schools in Cities, Villa,ies, and Toxvnships of the State of Oliio. Kvans, 
'YounKstown Public Schools." 



SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 15 

three months, to commence on the 9th day of June, instant. She is to commence 
the school at the hour of 9 o'clock in the forenoon, and keep until 12; and at the 
hour of 1, and continue until 4 o'clock in the afternoon. She is to teach reading, 
and to instruct the young Misses in the art of sewing; and to keep all necessary 
regulations as is usual in schools; for which we agree to give her the sum of one 
dollar and twenty-five cents per week during the said term, which sum shall be 
assessed in proportion to the number of scholars we have set to our names. 
Provided, also, that in case more are sent by any individual than he has sub- 
scribed for, or any persons send who do not subscribe, they shall be assessed in 
proportion to the number they send; the money to be assessed and collected by 
a committee to be appointed for that purpose. And for the performance of the 
foregoing we hold ourselves bound. 

Dated this 8th day of June, A.D., 1814.' 

This last agreement was for a school taught in Warren, Wash- 
ington County, and was signed by 19 subscribers, guaranteeing 
283/^ pupils, Ephraim Cutler leading with four, while five sub- 
scribers sign for only one-half a pupil each. 

* Cutler, Life and Timet of Ephraim Cutler, p. 172. 



CHAPTER II 

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 

THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM, 1803-50 

The general educational legislation of this period is concerned 
only with the district school. There was no general legislative 
enactment to establish secondary or higher institutions of learning 
as a part of the state system of education, and it was not until 
1847 that there was any legislation to make provision for town and 
city schools and a graded system, other than that found in special 
town and city charters. 

The chief legislative enactments that divide this period and 
mark especially important phases in the growth of the system of 
public schools are as follows: 

182 1' — The first school law. Recognition of state need and responsibility. 

1825- — The second school law. The first tax for schools. 

1838' — A state system organized. A definite school fund guaranteed and the 

schools,^ in theory, made free. 
1847-48* — The Akron Act passed. A system for town and city schools established. 

These dates mark off periods that may be roughly characterized 
as follows: 

1803-21 — Subscription or pay schools. 

1821-25 — State recognition of the public-school idea. 

1825-38 — Property taxation to aid schools. 

1838-50 — Operation under a loose state organization. 

1847-50 — The development of town and city school systems. 

Numerous school laws were passed from 1825 to 1838, but the 
changes were minor in character and developed no new principles. 

A clearer view of the growth of the public-school system can 
be gained if the more important phases of that development are 
treated separately, showing the various stages that each of these 
phases passed through during the entire period. 

"O.L., XIX, 51. 
*0.L., XXIII, 36. 
'O.L., XXXVI, 21. 

* School rates were not definitely abolished from the public schools until after 1850 (Taylor, .4 Manual 
oj the Ohio School System, Introduction, p. 4). 
' O.L., XLV, local, 187. 

16 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 17 

For the purposes of this discussion the following topics have 
been selected, and are discussed in the order given below: 

The Organization of the School System, 1803-50 

Methods of Common-School Support 

Control and Supervision of Schools 

Certification of Teachers 

School Studies 

Length of School Year 

School Officers 

Schools for Colored Children 

City and Village School Systems 

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM, 1803-50 

It may be said that the school system of the state had its begin- 
ning in the grant of one section in each township for the use of 
schools that Ohio received from the United States when she became 
a state. ^ This grant, wasted as it afterward was, served as one 
center of common educational interest and brought the topic of 
common schools constantly before legislators and people. 

The unit of organization during the entire period was the dis- 
trict. The earliest legislation bearing in any way upon the organi- 
zation of schools is found in an act of January 2, 1806,^ establishing 
the method of incorporating townships. 

This act provides: 

That so soon as there are twenty qualified electors in any original surveyed 
township of six miles square, or fractional township within the state wherein there 
is the reserved section number 16, granted by the Congress of the United States 
for the special use of schools; they are hereby authorized under the provision 
hereafter provided, to elect three trustees and one treasurer for the purpose of 
taking into their care the section above mentioned, who shall be a body politic, 
capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded. 

This early legislation precedes any specific school act, and is 
found in the laws concerning the organization of the township. 
It is the undoubted result of the grant of school lands and is an 
indication of the importance of this grant in keeping before the 
people the ideal of state-wide education. 

All parts of the state had land set aside for school use. This 
was the one common fact in all attempts to meet local educational 

* A description of this grant and the use made of it will be found in the discussion of the school lands 
in chapter iii. 

2 0.L., IV, 66. 



18 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

needs. On this subject there had to be legislation general in 
nature. It was the one subject of common educational interest. 
This earlier legislation was concerned primarily in determining 
how the scant funds from this source might be legally used, either 
to support for short periods schools that depended solely on this 
source of income, or to supplement and assist private and subscrip- 
tion schools of various kinds. 

The trustees chosen in compliance with this legislation of 1806 
were given authority to divide the township into districts for the 
purpose of establishing schools, but were not directed to do so. 
They were, however, directed to divide the profits^ arising from 
the school lands, among the districts that were established, in pro- 
portion to the inhabitants. In passing this act the legislature was 
evidently primarily interested in the management of Section 16, 
not in the establishment of schools. Those townships that wished 
to do it were given the right to organize districts and use the funds 
obtained from the school lands to support their schools. It is 
evident from subsequent legislation,^ and from the reports of 
Superintendent Lewis,' that these funds were also used to pay or 
lessen the expense of subscription schools already under way in the 
community. In all laws touching on this subject, following the act 
of 1806, the township trustees are the officers charged with the 
duty of dividing the township into school districts, but the final 
decision as to whether such divisions are to be made does not legally 
rest with them, although in practice it is evident that it often did so. 

In 1814,^ in an act supplementary to the foregoing, it was made 
obligatory upon the trustees to lay the township off in districts 
upon the application of six householders of the township, but no 
penalties were imposed for a failure to do so. This same act 
directed that those establishing a school in a district should choose 
three (school) trustees, whose sole duties seemed to be to get from 
the teacher a certified list of the pupils who had attended the 
schools, and the length of time they had been taught, and present 
it to the township trustees as a basis for the distribution of the 
revenue from the school section. 



' Legal provision had been made as early as 1803, the year Ohio was admitted, for renting the school 
lands. See chapter iii for a discussion of the legislation concerning the treatment of these lands. 
*0.L., XXXIV, 19. 

' Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, pp. 9, 10. 
«O.L.,XIU, 295. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 19 

On January 22, 1821,^ Ohio's first general school act was passed. 
By its provisions the method of organizing districts legalized in 
1814 is evidently repealed though it is not so specified. The specific 
provisions of the act that concern organization are that the voters 
in each township should have the right to vote upon the question 
of districting the township. In case the vote was in favor of such 
districting, the trustees were directed to lay off the school districts 
in such a way as to have not less than twelve nor more than forty 
householders in one district. They were also directed in their 
districting to have regard to any school companies incorporated, 
so as to include the members within one district. 

The householders in each district were to elect annually a school 
committee of three and a collector. The duty of the latter was 
evidently to collect rates for the support of the school from those 
who sent children to it, the tax for building a schoolhouse in case 
such a tax was levied, and any amount levied as necessary for pay- 
ing the rates for the indigent children of the district. This law 
also required the directors to appoint a district clerk, whose duties 
were to keep a record of the meetings, make out the tax bills when 
a tax was levied, and keep such accounts as the school committee 
might direct. 

The legislation up to this point has been chiefly concerned in 
providing an organization for two purposes: a fair and legal method 
for distributing the revenues that arose from the school lands, and 
a method by which local communities could legally lay out their 
districts and set up schools. There was nothing in this earliest 
legislation that in any way approached a state system or compelled 
any state-wide action concerning education. 

It was the evident intention of the next general law, passed 
in 1825,2 to establish a system that should be state-wide in its 
operation. Its great advance over preceding laws was, however, in 
its use of the principle of state-wide taxation rather than any 
significant change in the organization of schools. The establish- 
ment of districts and schools remained a local and decentralized 
activity, and no true state system was formed. 

It was made the duty of the township trustees to lay off" each 
incorporated township in the state into one or more school dis- 
tricts. Certain negative penalties were imposed in this law upon 

»0.L., XIX, 21. 
2 O.L., XXIII, 36. 



20 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

townships that were not divided into districts and upon districts 
that did not employ teachers, but any real compelling force that 
such a provision might have had was destroyed by the excessive 
liberality of the time limitation allowed for meeting the minimum 
requirements of the law. 

No township was entitled to receive any portion of the moneys 
collected for school purposes, either from the school lands or from 
taxation, unless it was laid off into districts. (It might be laid off 
in one district six miles square and meet the legal requirement.) 
Furthermore, if it were not laid off into districts within five years, 
the money due it arising from the school tax was apportioned to 
the other townships of the county which had been so laid ofif. 
Similarly, any district which for a period of three years failed to 
hire a teacher and keep a school was penalized by having the money 
due it apportioned to the districts that obeyed the law. 

This did not refer to the money from Section 16. By the terms 
of the original grant, this was set aside for the use of the schools of 
the township, and the funds from it could not be alienated to the 
use of another township. 

The law of 1825 provided for a school tax, and the penalty for 
not districting the township consisted^ in losing after a five-year 
period the township share in this tax. No provision was made 
other than this for the enforcement of the law. There were no 
penalties for the township trustees, and no officers whose duty it 
was to see that the law was carried into effect. It was the evident 
idea of the legislators that the incentive afforded by a share in the 
school tax would be sufficient to bring about the erection of school 
districts in all the townships of the state. That this was not the 
universal result is shown by the fact that throughout the period, 
even as late as 1849,^ there reappear in general laws and in amenda- 
tory and supplementary acts constant directions to the township 
trustees to lay off the township into school districts. The later 
directions probably usually refer to the organization of new counties 
and townships in the more unsettled portions of the state. In 
general, the townships seem to have followed the mandates of the 
law and availed themselves of the opportunity to share in the money 
raised by the tax. 

1 O.L., XXIII, 36. 

2 O.L., XLVII, 52. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 21 

Mr. Lewis in his first report as state superintendent, in 1837,^ 
showed that there were 7,748 organized school districts in the 
state. There were 1,129 townships in 71 of the 75 counties of the 
state, which would give an average of nearly seven school districts 
to the township, an indication that the law was quite generally- 
obeyed. There was, however, no uniformity in the amount of 
territory included in the districts (an entire township might be 
organized as one district), and, as Mr. Lewis pointed out, the 
number in each township did vary from one or two to eighteen. 
The district lines were "frequently made on personal considerations, 
or to defeat some contemplated improvement. It is not uncom- 
mon to find districts so bounded as to exclude whole tracts of land 
from the operation of the law."^ The report further indicates 
that there were individual townships even in the older counties 
that had not organized school districts at the date of the report, 
1837, "and many more in the new counties that have just com- 
menced operations." 

The organization within the district was effected by the district 
meeting choosing three directors, who were to have direct control 
and management of the schools. 

It should be kept clearly in mind in this and subsequent legisla- 
tion that the directors are officers of the district, the trustees are 
officers of the township. 

The only compulsory feature in the district organization was a 
fine of two dollars, which was provided for by an amendment in 
1830,^ imposed upon any person who was elected school director 
or treasurer and refused to serve. This provision was repeated in 
the general laws of 1832'' and 1834.^ 

These amendments were evidently caused by frequent refusal 
to serve by those elected to the school offices in the local districts. 
That the work was a real burden and rested upon a small army of 
local school officers may be seen in another quotation from the 
state superintendent's first report: 

There is no feature in the present law more burdensome than that of requiring 
so many officers to spend several days in every year in doing what would be 
better done by one-fifth the number The amount of time now required, 

> Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 45, 
^ Ibid., p. 20. 
^O.L., XXVIII, 57. 
*0.L., XXIX, 414. 
* O.L., XXXII, 25. 



22 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

if the officers do their duty, will, if computed at the average price of day labor, 
amount to a heavier tax than is assessed in money for the support of schools, 
.... There are now 38,740 officers, enough certainly to break down any 
system however otherwise good.' 

To summarize: On the side of local organization, the law of 
1825 directed the township trustees throughout the state to lay off 
the townships into school districts, in which the electors might 
organize by choosing directors, the only compulsion for either 
township or district coming from a loss in the share of the school 
tax. 

County contact with the township and district was first estab- 
lished in the law of 1825,^ by which the county officials were made 
responsible for the collection and distribution of the school tax,^ 
and through the appointment of a board of examiners by the Court 
of Common Pleas. This county relationship was concerned only 
with the distribution of school funds and the examination"* of 
teachers, and had in it no direct element of control or supervision. 
The certification of teachers by a county authority, rather than a 
local authority, did, of course, introduce one element of control. 

The next step in the direction of county organization was taken 
in the law of 1836,^ which provided that the county auditor should 
open an account directly with each school district in the county, 
and made the further provision that each district school clerk 
should report annually to the county auditor. The county auditor 
became the intermediary officer in gathering information for the 
use of the state as to the general school conditions. It is evident 
that the legislature felt the need of information regarding school 
conditions throughout the state as a basis for legislative action. 
The directions are specific as to the information wanted and 
include the following items: the enumeration of white children 
from four to twenty-one years old in the district; the time the 
school had been kept in the district; the time the school had been 
supported by the school fund; the time the school had been sup- 
ported by taxation; the time the school had been supported by 
voluntary subscription; the amount of money from each source; 
the number of children that had been taught; the whole amount 

^ Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 19. 

^O.L., XXIII, 36. 

^ See p. 33 for full explanation of this tax. 

* See p. 41. 

* O.L., XXXIV, 19. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 23 

spent for teachers' v/ages; the amount paid for schoolhouses and 
repairs, giving as separate items the sum raised by taxation for 
this purpose and that raised by voluntary subscription. 

Each county auditor was directed to make an abstract^ of the 
information so gathered for his county, and to report the same 
annually to the General Assembly. 

It will be seen that the law up to this point connected the state, 
county, and district in a loose organization through a system of 
reports and through certain financial contacts in the collection and 
distribution of the school tax. 

The system lacked a supervising head with definite respon- 
sibility for following up the directions given by the law and for 
seeing that the information asked for was actually gathered and 
used. The legislature evidently realized this, and the following 
year,2 1837, passed a law creating the office of superintendent of 
common schools, with an annual salary of five hundred dollars. 

The chief duties of the office so created were to collect and 
tabulate statistics, to investigate the conditions of the various 
school funds resulting from the sale of lands, and, in general, to 
study the school needs of the state and suggest plans for better 
regulation and control of educational affairs to the General Assem- 
bly. Samuel Lewis, of Cincinnati, was appointed to the office 
April 1, 1837.^ Following his recommendations, the legislature- 
enacted in 1838'* an act for the support and better regulation of 
common schools and to create permanently the office of superin- 
tendent of common schools. Mr. Lewis had recommended legis- 
lation the preceding year, which had included : 

school libraries; a state school fund of two hundred thousand dollars; township 
high schools; township Boards of Education; evening schools in towns and cities; 
county superintendents; a school journal to be distributed to school officers 
gratuitously; encouragement for the formation of Teachers' Institutes; authority 

^ It was largely from these abstracts that Mr. Lewis made up the statistical tables in his first report. 
He recognized the incompleteness and inaccuracy in them, but despite that gathered much valuable 
information. In commenting upon the laxness shown in the reports he says: "If all the districts had 

reported accurately, the result would be bad enough; but they have not There are in the state 

75 counties of which 62 have reported in whole or in part; some are extremely defective, not only on 
account of the work of the school officers, but also the extreme carelessness of some of the auditors. Most 
of the auditors, however, have done the best they could with the materials furnished." (Ohio Documents 
36th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 45). 

2 O.L., XXXV, 82. 

^ O.L., XXXV, local, 560. 

*0.L., XXXVI, 21. 



24 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

for districts to borrow money to erect school-houses; the employment of women 
as teachers; and full reports from teachers and school officers.' 

The resulting legislation was the most important and complete 
act bearing upon public education passed in Ohio from 1803 to 
1850, and was the last school code passed during the period. Much 
of its effectiveness was destroyed by subsequent amendments that 
will be indicated, but the act in itself attempted to establish an 
organized system of common schools for the state, with state, 
county, township, and district officers. The state superintendent 
stood at the head of the system. In each county the county auditor 
was made superintendent of common schools for the county, and 
in each township the township clerk was made superintendent of 
common schools for the township. The district meeting elected 
three directors, as in the case of the preceding laws. The district 
clerk was directed to make an annual report to the district meeting 
and to file a copy of his report with the township clerk. This 
report was to contain full financial and educational statistics of the 
district for the year. The duties of the township clerk, acting as 
superintendent, were as follows: to take an enumeration of the 
youth of school age in each district of the township (for failure to 
do this a fine of liiilS was imposed upon him); to fill vacancies that 
occurred in any board of directors in his township; to appoint direc- 
tors in case the district meeting failed to elect them, or in case the 
directors failed to serve, and, if those who were appointed refused 
to serve, to perform the duties of the directors himself for the dis- 
trict in question. He was directed further to report annually to 
the county superintendent an abstract of the reports made by the 
district clerks, and it was made his duty to visit each common 
school in the township at least once a year to examine the teacher's 
record and the discipline and mode of instruction and to keep a 
journal of his observations. He was also directed by the law to 
estimate each year the additional amount necessary to be raised in 
the district to maintain six months' school for all children. 

The chief duties of the auditor as county superintendent of 
schools consisted in transmitting an abstract of the reports from 
each township to the state superintendent, and in distributing 
blanks, circulars, and other information from the state superin- 
tendent to the proper township and district officers. 

1 Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, pp. 11-34. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 25 

It will be seen that in its working the system was nominal 
rather than actual, so far as any control of the local unit, the dis- 
trict, was concerned. It was designed chiefly to afford convenience 
for the collection of data needed by the state superintendent, and 
the dissemination of information from the state superintendent's 
office. It did provide for district officers, and even the possible 
establishment of schools, where the district failed to act, by giving 
the township clerk power to exercise the authority of the directors, 
and it also made some pretense at supervision through the same 
officers. Aside from this, it was a loose and inefficient system, 
depending for its value upon the energy and ability of the state 
superintendent in arousing educational sentiment throughout the 
state and upon the thoroughness with which the township clerk 
performed the duties laid upon him. There was still no actual 
compulsion in the law. 

The strong points of the system consisted in the definite relation- 
ship established through state, county, township, and district 
officers, and the possibility of dissemination and collection of 
educational information through these channels. Its real effective- 
ness depended upon the wise leadership of the state superintendent. 
The law pointed out the way to a school system, and the superin- 
tendent, as an authorized educational agent, could do much to 
arouse state-wide interest in the schools. In his Third Annual 
Report, in 1839, Mr. Lewis speaks of the law in the following words: 

This law, though not perfect, was the best that could be passed; and with 
all its imperfections, I still think it is better adapted to our wants than any other 
school law that has come under my notice. It gives to the people the power to 
do their own business, whether in townships or districts, as the majority may 
think best. The widest possible latitude is given for popular action. The most 
that the law does is to prescribe certain general rules within which the people 
can act under the sanction of the law, and it gives to such popular action the aid 
of law to effect its purpose. An arbitrary law imposing duties binding upon the 
people without their assent could prescribe the forms and details of the work in 
a few words and with great simplicity. Such would do for despotic countries, 
but in a free country where the actors are a people whose action depends upon 
their own wills, there must be a wide scope given, allowing each district to accom- 
modate its own peculiar views, requiring it only to keep within the general out- 
lines (and they must be only outlines) laid down by the law.' 

The effectiveness of the organization was destroyed by action 
of the legislature March 23, 1840,^ when the office of state superin- 

• Third Annual Report of the Superintendent oj the Common Schools, made to the Thirty-eighth General 
Assembly of the State of Ohio, p. 4. 
^ O.L., XXXVIII, 130. 



26 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

tendent was abolished and the work of tabulating and transmitting 
school statistics and other educational information was transferred 
to the office of the secretary of state. 

The one other point at which the law had promise of effective- 
ness was In the creation of the township and county superintendents. 
The weakness, of course, was In attaching these offices as mere 
appendages to the duties of the county auditor and the township 
clerk. 

The supervisory duties of the township clerk were made depen- 
dent upon the decision of the township trustees In 1839,' and the 
amount of pay for the supervision of any one school was limited 
to a maximum of one dollar for any one year. This made actual 
supervision practically Impossible. The results of these two acts 
were to leave the system without effective leadership and largely 
to destroy any possibility of controlling the school work of the 
district through supervision. There were portions of the state 
where the organization was felt to be Ineffective. Samuel Lewis 
had advocated county supervision, and the appointment of the 
county auditor to this position was felt by many not to meet edu- 
cational needs. Voluntary associations of teachers- discussed the 
question of school organization In their conventions. In 1846 
Henry D. Barnard, of Connecticut, came to Ohio and lectured In 
numerous towns and cities,^ urging the cause of free public schools. 

As one result of these discussions numerous petitions were cir- 
culated In the northern and central portions of the state, asking 
for a law that would give county supervision. In 1847^ the legis- 
lature passed a weak permissive act applicable to twenty-five 
counties located largely in the Western Reserve and In the central 
portion of the state near Columbus. This act shows clearly the 
general legislative willingness to legalize educational procedure and 
the unwillingness to adopt means to enforce the measures given 
the sanction of law. 

The twenty-five counties In question were allowed to have 
county superintendents. The initiative was left in the hands of 
the county commissioners, who were authorized to set aside such 
sum as they deemed proper for the payment of a county super- 

1 O.L., XXXVII, 61. 

^ See chapter vi, p. 106, for a brief account of some of these associations. 
' Taylor, A Manual of the Ohio School System, p. 359. 
< O.L., XLV, 32. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 27 

intendent. They were allowed to levy a tax for the purpose if 
they wished to do so. If a sum were set aside for the support of 
this office, the county superintendent was elected by the district 
clerks of the county. He became chairman of the county Board of 
Examiners, and was directed to visit annually each common school 
in the county as a supervising officer. 

The provisions of this act were made applicable to all counties 
in the state the next year, 1848.^ The act remained virtually a 
dead letter in the original twenty-five counties as well as in the rest 
of the state. It simply pointed out a way in which a county might 
legally appoint a county superintendent of schools if it really 
wished to do so, and it left the initiative in the hands of the county 
commissioners, who were likely to be guided in action by financial 
considerations more than by educational needs. ^ 

The legislature in 1850^ passed another act that created again 
the office of state superintendent, but in a quite different form. 
This law was not permissive in form, but never actually came into 
operation since the General Assembly, which was the appointing 
body, allowed it to lapse through its failure to appoint the officers 
provided for in the law. In brief, this law provided for a state 
board of public instruction to consist of five members, appointed 
by the General Assembly. The first members were to be appointed 
for one, two, three, four, and five years. After that one member 
was to be appointed each year. Each member, during the last 
year of his term, was styled the state superintendent of common 
schools and carried on the duties of that office. These duties were 
largely limited to the collection of statistics and the reporting of 
the results to the General Assembly. The state was to be divided 
into four districts by the board, and each of the other members was 
to serve as a district superintendent. In this service they co- 
operated with the county examiners, and their signatures were 
necessary to give validity to teachers' certificates. The state 
superintendent was to prepare questions for all teachers' examina- 
tions. Teachers were required to pay one dollar on the receipt of 
certificates. The payment of this dollar entitled each teacher to 
receive a state educational paper and to attend teachers' institutes. 

1 O.L., XL VI, 86. 

2 Two counties, Ashtabula and Sandusky, elected superintendents under this law (Taylor, A Manual 
of the Ohio School System, p. 360). 

3 O.L., XLVIII, 44. 



28 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

All fees and subscriptions to the school paper were to be paid to 
the state treasurer, and out of the fund so created the salaries of 
the state board were to be paid. The salaries were one thousand 
dollars for each district superintendent, and twelve*^ hundred 
dollars for the state superintendent. The law specifically provided 
that no money from any other source should be used in the pay- 
ment of these salaries. This law represented the efforts of the 
teachers' associations and the friends of education throughout the 
state. They were successful in getting the law upon the statute 
books by placing the responsibility for financing it upon the teachers 
themselves. The law, however, as has been said, was never put 
in active operation. 

Summary. — The district was the unit of school organization 
throughout this period. A state organization was formed in 1838 
with county and township officers. The effectiveness of the county 
and township organizations was largely nullified by the fact that 
the duties of the school officials were attached to offices primarily 
created for other purposes. The greatest possibility of usefulness 
in the system rested in the state superintendent, and this office, 
after a three years' trial, was abolished, and its duties transferred 
to the office of the secretary of state, where it became largely a 
clerical function. 

METHODS OK COMMON-SCHOOL SUPPORT 

The subject of the support of common schools during this 
period is an involved one as there are many sources of revenue and 
frequent changes in legislation. These sources may be classified 
as follows: school rates paid by parents; the revenue from school 
lands; permanent funds; revenue from the United States surplus; 
a guaranteed state school fund; state taxation for school support; 
county taxation for school support; optional township taxation for 
school support; district taxation for school support; revenue from 
fines, penalties, and fees of various kinds; district taxation for 
school buildings; voluntary contributions for school buildings; 
contributions and bequests. 

Rates paid by parents. — It has already been said that the 
earliest schools in Ohio were subscription or pay schools. The 
responsibility for the education of the child during the first twenty- 
two years of statehood rested on the parents, not upon society or 
the state, except as the money received from Section 16 might 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 29 

assist in maintaining the local school. The principle of school 
rates for at least a portion of the expense was recognized in the 
laws of 1821,1 1829,2 i831,» 1834," and 1836.^ In the three acts 
last cited it was provided that the parents should pay any addi- 
tional amount needed, unless it were raised by voluntary subscrip- 
tion. Provision was also made for the exemption of indigent 
students. School rates, as a source of revenue, were not specifically 
recognized in the code of 1838,^ but reappeared the following year 
in an amendment,^ and remained until 1850 as a legal source of 
support. 

The practical working of the law and its amendments is well 
shown by another quotation from Mr. Lewis' first report: 

As it will be impossible to give a full history of my observations, an example 
of the several classes must suffice. In one town a free school is taught three 
months in the year, by one teacher, in a district where more than one hundred 
children desire to attend; they rush in and crowd the school so as to destroy all 
hope of usefulness, the wealthy and those in comfortable circumstances, seeing 
this, withdraw their children or never send them; the school thus receives the 
name of a school for the poor, and its usefulness is destroyed. This example is 
one that represents nearly all the free schools in the State, as well in the country 
as in the cities and towns. 

Another and much larger number of the districts, adopt a practice of which 
the following is an example: The district has funds which would pay a teacher 
one quarter or less, but in order to keep up a school as long as possible, it is 
divided between two or more quarters; the teacher makes his estimate of the 
amount, besides public money, that must be paid by each scholar and gets his 
subscription accordingly. Here none send but those who can pay the balance; 
of course the children of the poor, the very intemperate and careless, with some- 
times the inordinate lovers of money are left at home. 

This mode though it defeats the primary object of the law, really secures a 
greater aggregate amount of instruction than the other. Another class proceeds 
on the same plan, with the exception that the teacher is bound to take the very 
poor free, if they prove their total inability to pay. This is but little, if any, 
better than the last, since the poor woman must humble herself, and in effect 
take the benefit of the poor law, before she can get her children into school 

Another part of this class is, where the directors agree with the teacher at so 
much per month, and, after expending the school money, levy, under the statute, 

i0.L.,XIX, 51. 
H).L., XXVII, 73. 
'O.L., XXIX, 414. 
^O.L., XXXII, 25. 
^O.L.,XXXlV, 19. 
"O.L., XXXVI, 21. 
'O.L., XXXVII, 61. 



30 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

a tax on the scholars for the residue, sometimes admitting the poor, and some- 
times rejecting all that are unable to pay the difference. 

In some towns all the teachers receive a portion of the public money at the 
rate of so much per scholar, which they deduct from the subscription price. In 
these cases the schools are all strictly private, and no provision whatever is made 
for the poor. The officers in one place where this practice prevails, said that "if 
the schools were free, they would be so crowded as to be useless, unless they had 
more funds, but by the mode they adopted, every man who sent to school got a 
part of the public money;" if he was not able to pay the balance he was punished 
by losing the whole; which is certainly a bad feature in the practice, and a gross 
violation of law. Another custom is not to draw the school money for several 
years, and then, say once in two or three years, they can keep a crowded free 
school from three to six months. In some places public schools have not been 
taught this two years. 

These examples give the practice in all the school districts in the State; the 
second and third named prevail the most generally; but it is not uncommon to 
find all the examples adopted in different districts in the same township.' 

Revenue from school lands. — The revenue from Section 16, or 
land given in lieu of Section 16,^ was by the terms of the grant to 
be used for the education of the children of the township or district 
of^^country to which it belonged. The basis of distribution within 
the township finally came to be the number of white unmarried 
youth from four to twenty-one years. The different bases of dis- 
tribution used before this were as follows: 

1805' — So that all citizens in the township shall obtain equal advantages. 

ISIO"* — In proportion to the scholars and the time taught. 

1825^ — In proportion to the number of families in each district. 

1834" — In proportion to the unmarried white youth from four to twenty-one. 

In the Virginia Military District the basis for distribution by 
the act of February 9, 1829,^ was made all children from the age 
of four to sixteen, instead of four to twenty-one. This was changed 
to children from the age of four to twenty-one in 1831,^ and a five- 
hundrcd-dollar penalty was assessed upon county auditors if they 
failed to make triennially a report of the number of school youth 

* Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, pp. 8 ff. 
*0.L., Ill, 47, Enabling Act, reprinted. 
'O.L., ni, 230. 

*0.L., VHI, 100. 
*0.L., XXni, 36. 
«0.L., XXXII, 25. 
^O.L., XXVII, 51. 

* O.L.. XXIX, 229. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 31 

of this age in their respective counties. In 1836^ the proportionate 
amount of territory in each county was used as the basis of appor- 
tionment in this particular district. 

Permanent funds. — Schools lands: In 1809^ the school lands 
set aside for the Virginia Military District were offered for sale 
at a minimum price of two dollars per acre, and the funds were 
deposited with the state treasurer to be funded and the income 
used for the support of schools within this district. 

The policy of selling the school lands in the rest of the state 
was adopted in 1827^ and was followed immediately by another 
act^ creating a permanent school fund. The money from the sale 
of school land was to be paid into the state treasury and placed to 
the credit of the particular townships to which the land belonged. 
This was impossible in the case of such districts as the Western 
Reserve, the Virginia Military District, and the United States 
Military District, as the land had not been given to the townships, 
but to the districts as a whole. In these cases the money was set 
aside for the use of schools in the territories named. The amount 
so paid in constituted an irreducible fund upon which the state 
pledged its faith to pay an annual interest of 6 per cent for the use 
of schools in the township or district.-^ The lands were to be sold 
at the appraised value with no minimum price attached. This 
act also provided that the money from the sale of the salt lands, 
which had not been originally given for the use of schools, should 
become a permanent fund belonging in common to the people of 
the state for school use. To this fund was to be added any dona- 
tions, bequests, etc., that might be made to the state for the use of 
schools. The moneys from the two last sources were to be funded 
until 1832, and thereafter interest was to be distributed to the 
counties of the state in proportion to the white male inhabitants 
over twenty-one years of age. These funds were loaned to the 
state for the purpose of building canals in 1830,^ and from this 
time on the principle was followed of using the funds for state 
purposes and pledging the faith of the state for the payment of 
annual interest on the debt so incurred. 

> O.L., XXXIV, 469. 

2 0.L., VII, 109. 

3 O.L., XXV, 56. 
«0.L., XXV, 78. 

s The money paid into the treasury from the school lands was used by the state in its canal projects, 
and interest was paid upon the debt so incurred. 
« O.L., XXVIII, 56. 



32 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



The amount of funds derived from this source is shown for the 
years 1830, 1836, and 1846, as follows r^ 



Virginia Military School Lands. 
U.S. Military School Lands. . . . 

Salt lands 

Section No. 16 

Western Reserve School Lands . 
Moravian Tract School Lands. . 

Totals 



$47,014.31 
27,895.50 
10,004.20 
82.626.31 



$167,540.32 



1836 


1846 


$117,884.64 

101,256.71 

24,788.22 

563,578.63 

147,027.01 


$135,033.96 
119,871.09 

999,963.24 

158,659.01 

1,049.82 


$954,535.21 


$1,414,577.12 



Surplus revenue. — In 1837^ the surplus revenue received from 
the United States was apportioned among the counties, the net 
income from this source to be used for the support of common 
schools. The method used for deriving an income was as follows: 
each county was held responsible for the payment of 5 per cent 
interest annually on the amount apportioned to it.^ This 5 per 
cent Vi'as paid annually to the state treasurer and redistributed 
throughout the state for the use of schools. Any amount of 
revenue that the county had derived from the fund above 5 per 
cent might be retained by it and used for internal improvements, 
for the support of common schools, or for the building of academies. 
The entire fund apportioned to Ohio from this source was 
$2,007, 260. 34.'* This fund was used in this way for the support 
of schools until 1850, but was finally pledged by the state for the 
payment of debts incurred in the building of state canals, and passed 
from the school finances subsequent to this date. 

State school fund. — The law of 1838'' established for the first 
time a guaranteed state common-school fund of two hundred 
thousand dollars. This was to be derived from the interest on the 
surplus revenue,^ the interest on the proceeds of salt lands, and 
the revenue' from banks, insurance, and bridge companies. The 
state was to supplement from other funds whatever amount was 

* O.L., XXVIII, Auditor's reports; O.L., XXXV, Auditor's reports; O.L., XLV, Auditor's reports. 
"O.L., XXXV, 97. 

^The amount distributed to the Ohio counties in 1837 was $1,882,418.92. 
*Ohio Documents, 36lh G.A., Doc. 3, p. 8. 
^O.L., XXXVI, 21. 

* Ohio's share of the surplus revenue distributed to the several states by the United States amounted 
to $2,007,260.34. 

^ The revenue from the state tax on banks, insurance, and bridge companies is reported by the state 
treasurer in 1837 as $64,931. .S3. Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 2, p. 3. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 33 

needed to bring the total annual revenue up to two hundred thou- 
sand dollars. The added amount, when necessary, was raised, in 
fact, by a state tax. The amount of this guaranteed fund was 
subsequently in 1842^ reduced for one year to one hundred and 
fifty thousand dollars, and in the following year^ the money arising 
from licenses on peddlers, from auction duties or licenses on auc- 
tioneers, and from taxes levied on lawyers and physicians was 
added to this fund, the effort evidently being to raise the amount 
of the fund without the necessity of taxation. The basis for dis- 
tribution of this fund to the counties was made the number of white 
youth between the ages of four and twenty years, resident in the 
county. 

Taxation.— -The principle of taxation for the support of schools 
first appeared in the general school act of 1825,^ by which the county 
commissioners in each county were directed to levy a tax of one-half 
mill on the taxable property of the county for the use of schools. 
This principle continued from this date, and was later supplemented 
by a state tax and an optional township or district tax. The pro- 
visions of the laws concerning taxation up to, and including, the 
general law of 1838 are summarized in Table I, page 34. (This 
includes only taxation for school support. The provisions for 
taxation for school building purposes are given separately.) 

In 1839^ the law was amended to allow the county commis- 
sioner to reduce the county tax to any sum not less than one mill, 
instead of maintaining a flat rate of two mills throughout the 
state as the act of 1838 had done, and in 1847,^ the sentiment 
against taxation for school support was so strong in the General 
Assembly that the county commissioners were forbidden to levy 
more than two-fifths of a mill for the use of schools. This was the 
lowest point reached in taxation for school support after the law 
of 1825. 

The following year, 1848, the privilege of levying a local tax for 
the support of schools was extended from the township to the dis- 
trict.^ The district clerks were directed to make an estimate of the 

' O.L., XL, 59. 
^O.L., XLII, 38. 
*0.L., XXni, 36. 
* O.L., XXXVn, 61. 
^ O.L., XLV, 60. 
•O.L.. XLVI,83. 



34 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



amount needed in addition to the funds provided under the laws 
in force to keep a school in session for six months. The district 
meeting was then allowed to decide by vote whether an additional 
tax should be levied for this purpose. In no case could this added 
district tax exceed one mill. The same year the county commis- 
sioners were authorized to raise the tax from two-fifths of a mill 
to 1 milU but they were not directed to do so. 

TABLE I 





Year 


Amount 


Remarks 


County tax required'. . . 


1825 


i^mill 




County tax required^. . . 


1829 


% mill 




County tax required'. . . 


1831 


% mill 


County commissioners may 
assess J^ mill additional. 


County tax required^. . . 


1834 


1 mill 


County commissioners may 
assess J^ mill additional. 


County tax required^. . . 


1836 


VA mills 


County commissioners may 
assess A '""iH additional. 


County tax required'. . . 


1838 


2 mills 




Township tax' 


1836 


Optional 


If the county commissioners 
failed to levy the additional 
^-mill tax, the township 
might vote to raise an 
additional 13/^-mill tax. 


Township tax 


1838 


Optional 


The township might vote an 






added amount necessary 








to maintain schools six 








months.* Not to exceed 








2 mills additional. 


State tax 


1838 


Variable 


An amount necessary added 




to the revenue from the 








permanent fund to produce 








v$200,0009 annually." One- 








half mill levied by the state 








in 1838. 



' O.L., XXIII, 36. 

2 O.L., XXVII, 73. 

3 0.L., XXIX, 414. 
* O.L., XXXII, 25. 

5 O.L., XXXIV, 19. 

6 0.L., XXXVI, 21. 
' O.L., XXXIV, 19. 
«0.L., XXXVII, 61. 

» Reduced in 1842 to $150,000 (O.L., XL, 59). 
10 O.L., XXXVI, 85. 

The status of taxation for the support of schools at the close of 
the period was as follows: 

The state guaranteed a fixed school fund derived from various 
sources. When other sources failed to make up this sum, a state 

1 O.L., XLVI, 28. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 35 

tax was levied to do so. (The fund had been reduced from two 
hundred thousand dollars in 1838 to one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars in 1842.) 

The county commissioners were directed to levy a tax in each 
county. This had been two mills in 1838, but was reduced to two- 
fifths of a mill in 1847, and was left optional, but not over one mill, 
in 1848. 

Each township might vote to raise an added two-mill tax for 
the support of schools in the township. 

Each district might vote to raise an added one-mill tax for the 
support of schools in the district. 

The progress that had been made by the law of 1838 with its 
state-wide county tax of two mills and state tax amounting to 
one-half mill had been largely lost by allowing the county com- 
missioners to reduce the amount of the county tax and by the 
reduction of the guaranteed school fund to one hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars. 

Taxation for school buildings. — The law of 182P authorized the 
householders in any school district by a two-thirds vote to levy a 
tax to build a schoolhouse and to pay for the schooling of indigent 
pupils, and stipulated the tax should not exceed one-half the 
amount that might be levied for state and county taxes the same 
year. The next law, that of 1825,^ simply said that the district 
meeting should provide means for building a schoolhouse and for 
furnishing fuel, but gave no further directions as to how money 
was to be raised. In 1827^ a maximum of three hundred dollars 
for a schoolhouse was established, and the district meeting might, 
by a three-fifths vote, decide whether the district should be taxed 
for building purposes or not. If it was decided to raise the money 
by a tax and the amount falling on any householder was less than 
one dollar, a minimum sum of one dollar was charged against him. 
The tax might be commuted by labor on the schoolhouse or by the 
furnishing of material for it. This last law evidently aroused 
opposition on the part of non-resident taxpayers, and in 1830^ an 
amendment to the school law provided that not more than fifty 
dollars might be levied in any one year for building purposes unless 
one-third of the property in the district was owned by residents. 

^O.L., XIX, 51. 
2 O.L., XXm, 36. 
' O.L., XXV, 65. 
* O.L., XXVIII, 57. 



36 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



If one-third to one-half of the property was so owned, the amount 
raised might be one hundred dollars. If one-third to two-thirds of 
the pro|:)erty was owned by residents, the sum was increased to 
two luMidred dollars. This method of raising the money for 
buildings remained with but slight changes until 1838. The mini- 
mum tax for a resident taxpayer was reduced from one dollar to 
fifty cents in 1830,' and to twenty-five cents in 1836.2 In 1838^ 
the decision as to a building tax for a schoolhouse was for the first 
time left to a majority vote of the district meeting, and the partial 
exemption for non-resident taxpayers and the minimum tax features 

disappeared. 

Fines, penalties, licc7ises, fees, etc. — In 1827^ the principle of 
using fines for the support of schools, assessed for various offences, 
first appears. By the provisions of this act all fines imposed and 
collected by justices of the peace for offences committed were to 
be used for the support of schools in the district in which the 
offences were committed. This was repeated in 1829,^ and then 
disappeared from the school law, but the principle reappeared in 
a series of acts concerning various offences and remained as a 
definite method of school support to the end of the period. These 
offences and fines are .so numerous that they are given here only in 
tabulated form (Table II). 





TABLE II 






Date of 




Penalty 


.Area to Which 




Offense 






I'iNES Were 


Law 


Min. 


Max 


Distributed 


1829*.... 


Selling liquor without license. . 


$10.00 


$ 50.00 


County 


1829*.... 


Liquor-seller permitting riot- 










ing, drunkenness, or ganil)iing 


10.00 


50 . 00 


County 


183()t.... 


Killing nuiskrats out of season. 


1.00 


each 


Township 


1831t... 


Sabbath-breaking 


1.00 


5 . 00 


Township 


183U.... 


Selling ficjuor on Sunday "to 










others than travelers" 




5.00 


Township 


18.^U.... 


Disturbing religious meetings. 




20.00 


Township 


18311.... 


Profanity 


.25 


1.00 


Township 


1831t... 


Exciting disturbance in a tav- 








ern, etc 


.50 


5 . 00 


Township 


183U.... 


Playing bullets, running horses 




or shooting guns in town . . . 


.50 


5 . 00 


Township 


1831t... 


Liquor tlealcr keeping nine-pin 










alley 


10.00 


100.00 


Township 



'O.L., XXVni,.S7. 
''O.L., XXXIV, 19. 
'O.L., XXXVI, 21. 
<O.L.,XXV, 65. 



' O.L., XXVU, 73. 
•O.L., XXVIl, 11. 
fO.L., XXIX, 469. 
JO.L., XXIX, 161. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 



37 



TABLE n — Continued 



Date of 
Law 



1831t. 

183U.., 
1831t.. 

183U... 
1831t... 
1831t.. 
18311... 



1831§. 



1831§... 

183111 . . 
183111.. 

1831**.. 

1831**.. 
1831**.. 



1834tt.. 
1834tt.. 

1834§§ . 

183811 II . 

18401111. 

1840***. 

1841ttt. 

1844tlt. 

1845§§§. 

1846I1IIII 



Offense 



Penalty 



Exhibiting a puppet show, jug- 
gling, etc 

Tearing down public notices 
Selling liquor within one mile 

of a religious gathering. . . . 
Bull-baiting, bear-baiting, etc 

Cock-fighting 

Horse-racing on a public road 

Justice of peace failing to pay 

over fine collected 



Selling at auction without 
license 



Failure to render account of 
auction sales 

Peddling without license 

Exhibiting circus without per 
mit 

Neglecting to have fish in- 
spected 

Failure to bury offal 

Inspector demanding more 
than legal amount, or pur- 
chasing articles condemned 

Selling salt without inspection 

Medical malpractice of various 
kinds 

Obstructing navigation in Mus- 
kingum River , 

Officer or corporation disre 
garding court orders in quo 
warranto procedure 

Keeping breachy or unruly ani- 
mals 

Harboring intoxicated Indians 

Selling liquor within two miles 
of any religious society gath- 
ered in a field or woodland. . 

Allowing Canada thistles to 
mature 

Knowingly selling seed which 
contains Canada thistle seed 

Firing cannon on the public 
street 

Gambling or keeping a gamb- 
ling-house 



Min. 



$ 5.00 



$ 10.00 
10.00 

20.00 
100.00 
100.00 



Double the amount 
collected 



100.00 



20.00 



5.00 



1000.00 
100.00 

100.00 

5.00 
50.00 



50.00 

1.00 per bbl. 



100.00 



.25 
5.00 



5.00 



5.00 



500.00 
50.00 

10,000.00 

1.00 
25.00 

50.00 
10.00 
20.00 
50.00 
500.00 



Area to Which 
Fines Were 
Distributed 



Township 
Township 

Township 
Township 
Township 
Township 

Township 



State, for lit- 
erary pur- 
poses 

District 

County 

County 
County 



County 
County 

County 

County 

County 

District 
District 

Township 
Township 
Township 
Township 
County 



JO.L., XXIX, 161. 
§0.L., XXIX, 304. 
IIO.L., XXIX, 313. 
H O.L., XXIX, 446. 
**0.L., XXIX, 477. 
ttO.L., XXXII, 47. 
tJO.L., XXXII, 20. 
§§0.L., XXXII, 38. 



II IIO.L., XXXVI, 68. 
UHO.L., XXXVIII, 4. 
•**0.L., XXXVIII, 57. 
tttO.L., XXXIX, 34. 
ttJo.L., XLII, 37. 
§§§0.L., XLIII, 17. 
II 11 IIO.L., XLIV, 10. 



38 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

In addition to the fines listed, the fees received from licenses 
for liquor selling/ for peddling,^ and for auctioneering^ were applied 
for the use of schools. There were also a number of local acts of 
this character applying to particular towns or counties.* 

In 1830,^ in the act incorporating the town of Steubenville, 
it is provided that for every license granted to "all groceries, porter, 
ale, and other houses of entertainment" there shall be paid into the 
county treasury "the sum of five dollars for the use of the common 
schools of the county." A similar provision is found in the act 
incorporating the city of Chillicothe,® in 1838, except that the 
money is to be paid to the district of the city. Acts of the same 
general nature occur, applying to Medina, Huron, and Erie 
counties,^ and to the towns of Cuyahoga Falls, ^ Fulton,^ and Akron, ^^ 
and in 1845 an act was passed authorizing the towns of Painesville 
and Norwalk^^ to levy an annual tax "on all dogs six months old 
and upwards" for the use of common schools. 

CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF SCHOOLS 
Ohio was especially weak in developing any plan of control or 
supervision. The law of 1825^'^ and succeeding laws said that the 
county examiners might visit and inspect schools, but there was 
no compulsion placed upon them, no pay for the duty if performed, 
and no authority given to them in case they decided to make such 
inspection. In 1838^^ the establishment of the offices of state, 
county, and township superintendents would seem, at first view, 
to give the machinery for efficient control and supervision, but an 
inspection of the law will show that the actual control exercised 
was weak and ineffective. The only man in the entire system who 
was primarily engaged in school work was the state superintendent, 
and at the end of three years the office was abolished,^* and the work 

'O.L., XXVII, 11. 

2 O.L., XXIX, 313; O.L., XL VI, 36. 

^O.L., XXIX, 304. 

* O.L., XXVin, 165: O.L., XLV, 131. 

* O.L., XXVIII, 165. 
» O.L., XXXVI, 274. 
^O.L., XLV. 131. 

* O.L., XLVI, 269. 
^O.L., XXXII, 116. 
'0 O.L., XXXIV, 433. 
" O.L., XLIII, 379. 
l^O.L., XXIII, 36. 
I'O.L., XXXVI, 21. 

" O.L., XXXVIII, 130. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 39 

transferred to the secretary of state, who was allowed four hundred 
dollars a year for the extra clerical work thus placed upon him. 

Samuel Lewis^ in the three years he served as state superin- 
tendent accomplished much, but it was through arousing sentiment 
in favor of common schools and in collecting and presenting edu- 
cational facts to the General Assembly and to the state at large, 
and not through the working of the system, except as it aided him 
in the collection of the desired facts and as he educated school 
officers in their duties through manuals, reports, and other edu- 
cational material.^ 

With the transfer of the office to the secretary of state it became, 
naturally, largely clerical in character, as the secretary of state was 
devoted primarily to other duties. Similarly, the office of county 
superintendent was simply added to the duties of the county audi- 
tor, and that of the township superintendent to the duties of the 
township clerk. These men, too, were primarily chosen for work 
of a different nature, and the school duties were in many instances 
an unwelcome addition. 

It is true that the law gave the township superintendent certain 
control over the district, investing him with powers to appoint 
directors if the district failed to elect them, or to perform in person 
the duties of the directors if those he appointed failed to serve. 
There was no machinery, however, to compel the township super- 
intendent to act in the matter. He was also required by law to 
visit the schools in each district once in each year, but in 1839^ it 
was made optional with the township trustees to excuse him from 
this duty, and his total pay for supervision in any one school was 
fixed at a maximum of one dollar for the year. On the whole the 
township clerks seem to have accepted the responsibility and to 
have acted for the best interests of the schools. 

Mr. Lewis in his second report speaks of the working of the 
law at this point as follows: 

Elections have very generally been held in the districts in September, 1838, 
and where they have been omitted the township clerks have, in most cases, made 
proper appointments, so that there are now school officers in nearly all the school 
districts and they are making the arrangements for schools The power 

1 Taylor, A Manual oj the Ohio School System, p. 335. 
^ O.L., XXXVI, local, 402, 410. 
»0.L., XXXVII, 61. 



40 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

of township clerks, to appoint district officers, is sometimes complained of, but 
without this provision or some other effecting the same object, organization could 
not take place. 

There will be this winter at least one thousand schools that but for this pro- 
vision would not have existed. Township clerks only act where the district 
has forgotten or neglected to act, and it would be unpardonable to suffer fifty 
thousand youth to go without instruction for want of officers to regulate the 

schools I am satisfied that most of the township clerks desire most 

heartily to promote the interest of the schools, pay or no pay, but they are gen- 
erally poor and cannot afford to spend much time without compensation. Letters 
every day coming to my hands satisfy me that no money will be better laid out 
than that which secures the services of patriotic and public spirited township 
superintendents.' 

While these quotations show the general attitude of these 
newly appointed officers as favorable to the schools, there were 
many individual instances where, through hixity or ignorance, the 
work was not done. One of the county auditors writing to Mr. Lewis 
says: "Great difficulties are found in school matters by the 
negligence of school district officers and township clerks, not that 
they are opposed to the common school system, but they complain 
of having so much to do without compensation, consequently 
they will not bother themselves with the matter."^ 

Another says: "I can assign no reason for the neglect of the 
township clerks in this matter .... but from want of attention 

merely " "The township clerks have not generally made 

accurate returns."^ "The carelessness of district officers has 
given township clerks an excuse, and my report is very deficient," 
are among other comments from auditor's letters cited by 
Mr. Lewis. 

The only effective measures to compel the districts to establish 
schools were through the retention of the district's share of money 
from the school fund, and the moneys collected by taxation, in 
case of failure to keep school. The law of 1825^ said that no dis- 
trict might receive its share of the money so collected except for 
the wages of a teacher duly employed and certified. There was 
no specification as to the length of time the teacher must be em- 
ployed. If the district failed for a period of three years to hire a 
teacher and keep a school, the money due it was to be appropriated 

> Ohio Documents, ,S8th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 51. 
2 Ohio Documents, 37th G.A., Doc. 32, p. 67. 
s Ibid., p. 70. 
*0. L., XXIII, 36. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 41 

to the districts that did so. In 1829^ the provisions were repeated, 
and a minimum term of three months was estabHshed as a con- 
dition of receiving the district's proportion of school tax due. 

There was a fine of two dollars assessed on any person elected 
as a director or clerk and refusing to serve,^ and also fines on the 
district officers responsible for making returns of the enumeration 
of school youth^ in case of failure to report. It was found necessary 
in 1848^ to pass a special act for the purpose of securing school 
statistics from the districts and townships. This forbade the 
township treasurers to pay any teacher a salary unless there was 
presented with the order an abstract of the teacher's record of 
attendance. The township treasurer was fined ten dollars unless he 
settled annually with the auditor of the county, and the possession 
of these abstracts was a necessary preliminary to the settlement. 
Other than this the state devised no means for controlling the 
educational procedure of the district. 

CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS 

In 182P the district school committee was authorized to employ 
competent teachers, and no mention was made of certification. 
In 1825® the principle of county certification appeared and with 
the exception of a two-year period, 1836 to 1838, remained until 
1850. The law of 1825 provided for the appointment of three 
examiners of common schools in each county by the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas, who should examine and certificate teachers and, as 
previously noted, might visit and examine schools. No teacher 
could legally recover any part of the pay due from public funds 
unless a certificate had been granted to such teacher. 

In 1827^ the Court of Common Pleas was allowed to appoint 
such number of examiners as they might deem expedient, not to 
exceed one for each organized township in the county. It was the 
evident intent of this law to allow single examiners, for the sake of 
convenience, to examine within the township. 

* O.L., XXVII, 73. 
^O.L., XXVIII, 57. 
'O.L., XXXIV, 19. 
*0.L.. XLVI,28 
'O.L., XIX, 51. 
fO.L., XXIII, 36. 
'O.L., XXV, 65. 



42 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

In 1829^ the Court of Common Pleas was directed to appoint 
not less than five examiners nor more than the number of organized 
townships in the county, and any two examiners might grant 
certificates. 

In 183P the examiners were directed to give the certificate in 
the branches in which the teacher was found qualified to teach, and 
no certificate was to be granted unless the candidate was qualified 
to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic. 

The examiners might require the examination to be public and 
could determine upon uniform forms of certification. 

This law was evidently deemed a little too rigorous and was 
amended at the following session in December, 1831,^ to permit a 
district that wished to do so to employ a female teacher to teach 
reading, writing, and spelling only, and the examiners were author- 
ized, on the presentation of a written request from the directors, 
to grant a certificate in these subjects. 

In 1834"* the court was directed to appoint five examiners, and 
the examination was to be given publicly each month at the county 
seat, with the provision that the examiners might appoint one 
examiner in each township to examine female teachers only. 
Reading, writing, and arithmetic were required for all certificates. 

In 1836^ the township became the unit for certification, and 
the method of choosing examiners changed. Each township was 
to elect annually three examiners, but with the code of 1838^ the 
county became definitely the unit for certification, and the mode 
of appointment was again by the selection of the Court of Common 
Pleas. The number of examiners was fixed at three. Examina- 
tions were to be held quarterly by the board. Each teacher must 
be qualified to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, and the 
certificate stated what other branches the teacher was qualified to 
teach. No teacher in any common school was allowed to teach a 
study not named in the certificate. In 1849^ English and geog- 
raphy were added to the requirements for certification. 



' O.L., XXVII, 73. 
''O.L., XXIX, 414. 
' O.L., XXX, 4. 

* O.L.. XXXII, 2S. 

* O.L., XXXIV, 19. 
•O.L., XXXVI, 21. 
^ O.L., XLVII, 43. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 43 

SCHOOL STUDIES 

No mention was made of the subjects to be taught in the com- 
mon schools until 1834/ when reading, writing, and arithmetic 
and "other necessary branches" were specified. The state insisted 
on nothing more than these subjects, but in 1838^ allowed other 
studies to be taught at the option of the directors, and allowed any 
other language beside English to be taught, but the three R's 
must be taught in English, This was amended in 1839^ as a con- 
cession to German settlers^ to allow each school district to have its 
school taught in whatever language it might prefer. In 1849^ on 
application of three householders the directors were instructed to 
add English and geography to the subjects taught. 

LENGTH OF SCHOOL YEAR 

The minimum length of the school year was first fixed at three 
months in 1829^ for any school receiving an appropriation of the 
money raised by taxation, and as much longer than three months as 
the appropriation paid the wages of the teacher. Nothing was 
done to extend the time until 1838,^^ when the township superin- 
tendent was directed to estimate for the township the amount it 
would be necessary to raise by taxation in addition to the funds 
already provided to furnish six months good schooling to all the 
white youth of the township. The decision as to raising the amount 
needed to maintain the schools six months was decided by the voters 
at the township election, who voted "school tax" or "no school 
tax." A six months' school remained the ideal held up by the law 
for district schools until 1850. 

That this modest ideal of a six months' school was not com- 
monly reached is shown in Mr. Lewis' first report, in which he 
gave the total number of children of school age in the state as 
468,812; the number attending more than two months and less 
than four as 84,296, and those attending over four months as 
62,144.^ These figures show that 322,372 children of school age 

^O.L., XXXII, 25. 

*0.L., XXXVI, 21. 

^O.L., XXXVII, 61. 

' Taylor, A Manual of the Ohio School System, p. 170. 

*O.L., XLVII, 43. 

« O.L., XXVII, 73. 

^O.L., XXXVI, 21. 

' Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 44. 



44 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

either attended school less than two months in the year or that 
they did not attend at all. In his last report, three years later, 
for 1839, he gives the total number of schools (public) as 13,049 — 
partly estimated — and the average length of the term as four 
months; the total number of pupils in attendance as 455,427, an 
increase of over 300,000.^ These figures are a significant indication 
of the changed attitude toward public schools that the law of 1838 
had wrought under the leadership of a capable and devoted state 
superintendent. 

SCHOOL OFFICERS 

The township trustees were throughout the period given the 
power of establishing districts. District officers were as follows: 

1814 — Three district trustees.^ 

1821 — Three district trustees and a collector.' 

1825 — Three directors.'' 

1827 — Three directors and a treasurer to be appointed by the directors.^ 

1829 — Three directors, a clerk, and a treasurer.^ 

1838 — Three directors, the directors appointing one of their own number as 

clerk and treasurer.'' The law of 1838 also created the offices of state, county, 

and township superintendents, the two latter being ex officio attached to the 

offices of county auditor and township clerk. 
1840 — The office of state superintendent was abolished, and its clerical functions 

transferred to the office of the secretary of state.^ 
1848 — Counties were given the right on their own initiative to elect county 

superintendents of schools.' 

SCHOOLS FOR COLORED CHILDREN 

The first provision found in the general laws for the education 
of colored children occurs in 1848,^° when a department of common 
schools for black and mulatto children was created. Prior to this 
time the property of colored people had been exempt from taxa- 
tion for school purposes. This law provided that their property 
should be taxed the same as property of white people, and the 

1 Ohio Documents, 38th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 44. 

2 0.L., XIII, 295. 
'O.L., XIX, 51. 

* O.L., XXIII, 36. 

* O.L., XXV, 65. 

* O.L., XXVII, 73. 
^O.L., XXXVI, 21. 

8 O.L., XXXVIII, 130. 
» O.L., XLVI, 86. 
>0O.L.,XLVI, 81. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 45 

money used to support colored schools wherever they were estab- 
lished, but added to the common school funds in those districts in 
which colored children were allowed to attend the common schools. 
Any city, town, village, or township containing twenty colored 
children was created a district for the purpose of establishing a 
colored school, and the colored citizens were given authority to 
organize by the election of directors, in accord with the general 
school law. If there were less than twenty colored children in the 
areas enumerated, they were allowed to attend the common schools 
unless there was a written protest filed by someone having a child 
in the school. In the latter case they were not allowed to attend, 
and the property of colored people was not taxed. At the next 
session of the legislature, in 1849,^ the law was changed, and the 
authorities in towns, cities, villages, and townships were required to 
create one or more districts for colored children if they were not 
admitted to common schools. The colored citizens then organized 
with their own officers and supported the schools by taxation upon 
their own property. 

CITY AND VILLAGE SCHOOLS 

Ohio's growth in population in the early decades of the nine- 
teenth century was a phenomenal one. In 1800, three years before 
statehood, her rank in population was eighteenth. In 1820 she 
stood fifth in the sisterhood of states, and in the next ten years the 
numbers within her borders again almost doubled, jumping from 
581,434 in 1820 to 937,903 in 1830.^ 

This growth in the early years was almost wholly a rural one. 
In 1820 there were only two towns in the state with a population 
of 1,000 or over: Cincinnati with 9,640, and Dayton, estimated 
to have 1,000. Ten years later Cincinnati had grown to a city of 
24,830, Dayton and Columbus were approaching 3,000 each — 2,950 
and 2,435, respectively — while three other towns, Cleveland, 
Springfield, and Canton, had just passed the 1,000 mark. 

In the years from 1830 to 1850 the growth of towns and cities 
was a rapid one. Cincinnati had increased to 46,340; Dayton, 
Columbus, and Cleveland had each passed 6,000, and there were 
eight other towns in the state with a population of over 2,000 each 
according to the census reports of 1840; while by 1850 Cincinnati 

1 O.L., XLVII, 17. 

2 Statistical Abstract of U.S., Washington, 1911, p. 34. 



46 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

was a thriving metropolis of 115,435, Columbus and Cleveland were 
vigorous young cities of 17,000 each, Dayton had something over 
10,000 inhabitants, and Zanesville and Chillicothe were rapidly 
approaching this number, while fifteen other centers had attained 
a population of 3,000 to 6,000 each.i 

The school legislation of the first thirty years of Ohio's statehood 
recognized only the district school in the general school laws that 
were passed. This was partly a reflection of the rural character of 
the state in these early years, and partly a result of the decentraliz- 
ing tendency in school affairs that the early settlers had brought 
with them. It was not until the law of 1838 was passed that any 
recognition was given to the fact that the educational needs of 
cities and towns were not the same as those of the country districts. 

Samuel Lewis speaking to the legislature at this period said : 

In towns and large villages, the common schools are poorer than in the 
country. In the latter, neighborhoods depend more upon them, and, of course, 
take a deeper interest in their control, while in the former there is too frequently 
but little attention paid to these schools by persons able to provide other means 
of instruction.^ 

A few cities and towns had early felt the inadequacy of the 
general laws in providing any suitable system of schools, and had 
asked and received special charters from the state. By 1840 a 
number of municipalities had organized their schools under special 
charters, and in the years from 1840 to 1850 there was a general 
awakening in the urban communities to the need of better provi- 
sion for public schools. 

This aroused interest was shown in the school charters of Cin- 
cinnati, Toledo, Cleveland, Portsmouth, Zanesville, Dayton, 
Columbus, Mt. Vernon, and, finally, Akron, and the generalization 
of the "Akron Act" in such form that all municipalities in the 
state — of 200 or more inhabitants — could make use of it. 

There was much that was progressive and enlightened for the 
period in the legislation for Ohio's cities and towns from about 1830 
to 1850. The one great lack — found in all Ohio's school legisla- 
tion prior to 1850, and for a half-century after that — was the lack 
of any form of compulsion. The general applications of the laws 
for municipalities were wholly permissive in character. They 

' U.S. Census Reports, 1830, 1840, 1850. 

2 Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. 17, p. 10. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 47 

simply pointed out ways in which the schools could be legally 
established and organized, but, however excellent and needed these 
ways might be, no municipality was under the slightest compulsion 
to follow them. 

The earliest special legislation for towns is found in the case of 
Marietta.^ The legislature in 1825 granted her the right to vote 
in town meeting a sum for the support of schools. There was no 
further legislation for Marietta until 1841,^ when an act was passed 
dividing the town, which had been united into one district by the 
law of 1838, into separate districts again, with three directors for 
each, and the ordinary rural district system. 

Cincinnati. — Cincinnati was the leader in all the early efforts 
for better educational conditions. In 1829^ she set an example to 
the rest of the state by securing a school charter that gave the city 
an organized, tax-supported, free system of common schools. 

This charter divided the city into ten districts, two for each 
ward, and provided for the building in each district of a two-story 
building of brick or stone. 

The city council was required to provide at the expense of the 
city for the support of common schools, and to levy a tax of one 
mill on all the property of the city as long as needed to defray the 
expense of acquiring sites and erecting buildings, and an additional 
tax of one mill for the support of schools. 

The voters in each ward elected annually a trustee and visitor 
of common schools. The persons so elected constituted the Board 
of Trustees and Visitors of Common Schools, and had general super- 
vision of school affairs. They were authorized to employ teachers 
and to visit schools as often as once a month. They also were to 
appoint six examiners and inspectors, whose duty it was to examine 
and certify teachers, and to visit and inspect schools. Once a 
year a public examination of the schools was to be given under the 
direction of the mayor, the Board of Trustees and Visitors, and the 
Board of Examiners. The schools were to be open at least six 
months of each year, and to be free to all white children. Black 
and mulatto children were specifically excluded. Reading, writing, 
spelling, and arithmetic made up the curriculum. 

1 O.L., XXIII, local, 65. 

2 O.L., XXXIX, local, 22. 
' O.L., XXVII, 33. 



48 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

While numerous amendments occur, there are few significant 
changes before 1850. In 1840^ German schools were established, 
and evening schools provided for "such male youth over twelve 
years of age as are prevented by their daily avocation from attend- 
ing day schools." The latter schools were to be open in the months 
of November, December, January, and February. 

In 1845- the trustees were authorized to divide the city into 
suitable districts without reference to ward boundaries, and in 
1846^ they were given power to establish such other grade of schools 
as might seem necessary and have such other studies taught therein 
as they might prescribe. In 1850^ provision was made for the 
annual election by the qualified voters of a "Superintendent of 
Common Schools, whose duty it shall be to visit and superintend 
all the common schools in said city, to establish courses of study, 
and perform such other duties as the Board may prescribe." 

City of Ohio and Toledo. — In 1836^ and 1837^ the city councils 
in these two cities were given general superintendence over the 
common schools, with power to divide the city into districts, to 
erect school buildings, and to make provision for the government 
and instruction of children therein. It was left wholly optional 
to the city council as to what should be done. 

Cleveland. — Provision for the government of the Cleveland 
schools was included in the city charter, adopted in 1836.'' The 
provisions were quite similar to the Cincinnati plan. The council 
appointed one person from each ward instead of the voters electing 
as in Cincinnati. The people so appointed constituted the Board 
of Managers of Common Schools. 

In 1848^ the Board of Managers was made five for the entire 
city instead of one from each ward, and the council was authorized 
to establish a high school, for which purpose the city was to con- 
stitute one high-school district. 

Portsmouth and Zanesville. — In 1838^ the city charter of Ports- 
mouth was amended to include most of the provisions of the Cin- 

> O.L., XXXVIII, local, 157. 

2 0.L.,XLIII, local, 413. 

3 0.L.,XLIV, local, 91. 

^ O.L., XLVIII, local, 662. 
* O.L., XXXIV, local, 226. 
« O.L., XXXV, local, 32. 
^O.L., XXXIV, local, 271. 

8 O.L., XLVI, local, 150. 

9 O.L., XXXVI, local, 329. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 49 

cinnati plan, and in the following year^ the city of Zanesville 
secured a charter for the support of schools that had many similar 
features. The Zanesville charter provided for the election of six 
directors to be known as the Board of Education. The schools 
were to be kept in constant operation except for "reasonable vaca- 
tions," and any deficiency in funds sufficient to keep the schools in 
constant operation was raised by a levy upon the parents. The 
board was allowed to exempt indigent students from payment of 
school fees. 

General law for cities and towns before the Akron Act. — The 
general law of 1838^ made each incorporated city, town, or borough, 
not specially regulated by charter, a separate school district. The 
voters in such a district elected three directors, who were given 
corporate authority and power to increase the number of directors 
so that there might be one for each subdistrict. They were author- 
ized to divide the territory for which they were responsible and to 
establish schools of different grades therein. The question of an 
additional tax to furnish a school at least six months each year was 
to be decided by the vote of the community. The general law, 
as was so usual in Ohio legislation, merely pointed the way, but did 
not attempt to enforce the organization of city and town schools. 
The one compulsory feature that appears occurred the next year, 
1839,^ and stated that in towns, cities, and boroughs it was the duty 
of the directors to provide a sufficient number of night schools for 
the male youth over twelve years of age whose "daily avocation" 
kept them from attending day schools. While this law was com- 
pulsory in form, there was no machinery devised for its enforcement. 

Dayton, Columbus, and Alt. Vernon.— In 1841* and 1845^ the 
cities of Dayton, Columbus, and Mt. Vernon were granted special 
charters for the government of their schools. Dayton and Colum- 
bus each continued the principle of school rates in addition to taxa- 
tion. The schools were to be kept in constant operation except 
for vacations, and any deficiency made up by a levy on the parents. 
The general features of control were similar to the Cincinnati plan. 

The Mt. Vernon charter retained the district system and made 
each council member a special school director for his ward. Build- 

" O.L., XXXVII, local, 194. 

^O.L., XXXVI, 21. 

'O.L., XXXVII, 61. 

* O.L., XXXIX, local, 135. 

^ O.L., XLIII, local, 57; O.L., XLIII, local, 150. 



50 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

ing taxes were to be collected from the subdistricts in which the 
buildings were erected, and were not assessed on the property of 
the city in general. 

Akron. — In 1847^ Akron secured school legislation that was 
especially significant, as the legislature the following year- allowed 
cities, towns, and villages to adopt the provisions of the act and its 
amendments on petition of two- thirds of the voters, and in 1849' 
enacted most of its provisions into a general law. By this means 
the Akron law became the plan usually followed in the establish- 
ment of graded schools in Ohio. This legislation is of sufficient 
importance to merit a brief description of the steps that were 
taken in securing it, and the school conditions in Akron preceding 
its enactment. The description, with some omissions, is the one 
given by Judge Bryan in an "Historical Sketch of the Akron Public 
Schools." 

In 1846 there were within the incorporated limits of the village of Akron six 
hundred and ninety children between the ages of four and sixteen. Of this 
number there was an average attendance at the public and other schools the 
year through of not more than three hundred and seventy-five. During the 
sununer of 1846 one of the district schools was taught in the back-room of a 
dwelling house. Another was taught in an uncouth, inconvenient and uncom- 
fortable building gratuitously furnished by Captain Howe for the use of the 
district. There were private schools, but these were taught in rooms temporarily 

hired and unsuited for the purpose in many respects It was, in view of 

this state of things, that Reverend I. Jennings, then a young man and pastor of 
the Congregational Church of Akron, self-moved, set himself to reorganize the 
common schools of Akron. There were many friends of a better education in 
the place who co-operated with Mr. Jennings, and on the 16th day of May, 1846, 
at a public meeting of the citizens, a committee was appointed of which he was 
chairman "to take into consideration our present educational provisions and the 
improvement, if any, which may be made therein."' 

As a result of this interest, a committee of three was appointed 
to draw up plans and secure necessary legislation. The plan of 
the committee was as follows : 

1. Let the whole village be incorporated into one school 
district. 

2. Let there be established six primary schools in different 
parts of the village so as best to accommodate the whole. 

* O.L., XLV, local, 187. 
'^ O.L., XLVI, 48. 
'O.L., XLVII, 22. 

* Historical Sketches of Public Schools in Cities, Villages, and Townships oj the State of Ohio. Bryan, 
"Historical Sketch of the Akron Public Schools," pp. 1-28. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 51 

3. Let there be one grammar school centrally located where 
instruction may be given in the various studies and parts of studies 
not provided for in the primary schools and yet requisite to a 
respectable English education. 

4. Let there be gratuitous admission to each school in the 
system for the children of residents, with the following restrictions, 
viz. : No pupil shall be admitted to the grammar schools who fails 
to sustain a thorough examination in the primary school, and the 
teachers shall have power with the advice of the superintendents 
to exclude for misconduct in extreme cases, and to classify the pupils 
as the best good of the schools may seem to require. 

5. The expense of establishing and sustaining this system of 
schools shall be provided for: first, by appropriating all the 
school money the inhabitants of the village are entitled to, and 
whatever funds or property may be at the disposal of the board 
for this purpose; secondly, by a tax to be levied by the Common 
Council upon the taxable property of this village for the balance. 

6. Let six superintendents be chosen by the Common Council, 
who shall be charged with perfecting the system thus generally 
defined, the bringing of it into operation, and the control of it when 
brought into operation. Let the six superintendents be so chosen 
that the term of office of two of them shall expire each year. 

The essential provisions of the plan adopted by this committee 
were incorporated in the law enacted February 8, 1847.- The 
more important features of this law may be summarized as follows : 

1. The election of a board of education of six members, which 
should have full control of school property and school funds. 

2. The incorporation of the city into one school district. 

3. Provision for six or more primary schools and one central 
grammar school to teach "subjects requisite to a respectable En- 
glish Education." 

4. Free admission to all schools. 

5. Examinations for promotion, and teachers given the power 
to classify pupils. 

6. Assessment as a tax by the city council of the amount 
estimated by the board for erecting schoolhouses and for conducting 
the schools. 

' O.L., XLV, local, 187. 



52 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

7. All school property vested in the city council. 

8. Three examiners appointed by the council. 

9. Annual public examinations. 

In the original law there was no limit placed on the amount 
that might be estimated as necessary for school expense by the 
Board of Education, and the law directed the council to levy the 
estimate as a tax. In 1848/ in order to make a concession that 
would meet the objection of the property-owners who opposed this 
feature, the maximum tax that might be raised in any one year for 
current expense was placed at four mills. The power of making 
the levy was taken from the council and placed in the hands of the 
Board of Education, which reported its estimate direct to the 
county auditor, who was directed to assess the amount in the same 
manner as other taxes. 

On February 14, 1848," the act was extended to any incor- 
porated town, city, or borough in the state upon petition of two- 
thirds of the qualified voters. This required too large a majority 
to allow the act to be adopted in localities where there was not an 
overwhelming sentiment in favor of better school conditions, and 
in the following year^ a general act was passed for cities and towns 
which might be adopted by a majority vote. The main provisions 
of this act were similar to the Akron laws, as may be seen by inspec- 
tion of its chief features: 

1. Any incorporated city, town, or village including within its 
limits and the territory attached, for school purposes, two hundred 
inhabitants might organize into a single school district. 

2. The question of adopting the law to be decided by a majority 
vote of the community. 

3. A board of education of six members elected by the voters. 

4. Building expenses and purchase of sites to be decided by 
popular vote. When so decided and reported to the county audi- 
tor, the amount to be levied as a tax upon the property of the 
community. 

5. Primary and graded schools provided for. No language 
other than English or German to be taught. 

6. Schools to be free to all children in the district. 

* O.L., XLVI, local, 40. 
" O.L., XLVI, 48. 
^O.L., XLVII, 22. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEM 53 

7. Schools to be kept in operation not less than thirty-six nor 
more than forty-four weeks each year. 

8. Board of education to estimate the amount needed for 
running expenses not to exceed a four-mill tax annually. Auditor 
to levy the amount estimated as a tax. 

9. If the amount raised is insufficient to keep the schools open 
thirty-six weeks, the balance to be raised by school rates on the 
parents. Indigent pupils exempt from such rates. 

10. A board of three examiners to be appointed by the school 
board. 

In 1850^ the provisions of this act were extended to townships 
and to special districts, provided such township or district had five 
hundred inhabitants. The question of the adoption of the law 
was left, as in the case of towns, to the majority vote of the territory 
interested. 

By far the most interesting and significant feature in the edu- 
cational legislation of Ohio in the years just preceding 1850 are these 
laws passed for towns and cities. They indicate an awakening in 
the urban districts to the need of universal free education. Cin- 
cinnati had pointed the way to the other cities of the state since 
1829, and had been followed by a considerable number of munici- 
palities. The law passed for the benefit of Akron came when the 
social consciousness of towns and cities was ready for it, and the 
legislature responded to this sentiment by allowing communities 
to adopt its provisions, at first by a majority of two-thirds, but 
within a year by a simple majority.^ The state made possible a 
town or city system that, on the whole, was an excellent system 
for the period, but the question of organizing under the system was 
left wholly to the educational interests or municipal pride of the 
individual communities. 

» O.L., XLVni, 40. 

^ Not all towns that adopted it were satisfied. Between 1847 and 1850 three special acts were passed 
repealing the provisions of the Akron law in the case of three towns that adopted it. Seven other special 
acts for schools in towns and cities were passed in these three years to meet the desires of municipalities 
that wished certain different features. 



CHAPTER III 
THE PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 

An enormous mass of legislation was passed by the General 
Assembly of Ohio, between the years 1803 and 1850, concerning 
the state school lands. Many of these laws were general in char- 
acter, many applied to large individual tracts such as the Western 
Reserve, the Virginia Military Reserve, the United States Military 
Lands, and the Ohio Company and Symmes Purchases, and in 
addition to these there were approximately five hundred that were 
wholly local or special in their application. 

A brief description of the more important of these reserves and 
purchases, some explanation of the various systems of survey used 
in Ohio, an account of the varying nature of the school grant in 
these different divisions, and a study of the accompanying maps 
and diagrams are an almost necessary prerequisite to any clear 
understanding of this legislation. 

The most important of these grants, with their total acreage, 
including the school lands, are as follows:^ 

Acres 

The Virginia Military Reserve 4,204,800 

The Western Reserve 3,840,000 

The United States Military Lands 2,560,000 

The Ohio Company's Purchase 1,227,168 

The Symmes Purchase 311,682 

In addition to these there were a number of smaller tracts, but 
the names of only two of them appear in the discussion of the 
school land legislation. These two were the Refugee Tract, 138,240 
acres, and the Moravian Tract,^ 12,000 acres. 

Over 12,000,000 acres were included in these various special 
districts. The remaining portions of the state were known as 
Congress Lands, and belonged to the federal government.^ That 
portion of the government land which lay on the eastern border of 
the state, just south of the Western Reserve, was the first to be 

' A. A. Graham, "The Land and Township System of Ohio," A nnual Report of the Secretary of Slate 
to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the Year ISS5, pp. 22, 23, 25, 29. 

2 F. H. Swift, A Ilistory of Public Permanent Common School Funds in the United States, 1795-1905, p. 
370. 

' The Indians still had title to lands in the state. Most of these titles were vested in the government 
by 1817, but the last titles were not stilled until 1842 (A. A. Graham, "The Land and Township System of 
Ohio," Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of the Stale of Ohio for the Year 1SS5, p. 28). 

54 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 



55 




Fig. 1. — Land grants and Congress lands in Ohio 



56 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 







] 


[ 










II 






36 


30 


24 


18 


12 


6 


6 


5 


4 


3 


2 


1 


35 


29 


23 


17 


11 


5 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


34 


28 


22 


16 


10 


4 


18 


17 


16 


15 


14 


13 


33 


27 


21 


15 


9 


3 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


32 


26 


20 


14 


8 


2 


30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


31 


25 


19 


13 


7 


1 


31 


32 


33 


34 


35 


36 



III 



IV 



2 1 

3 4 



3 


2 


4 


1 



Fig. 2. — Methods of surveying Ohio lands 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 57 

surveyed into townships, and was commonly spoken of as the 
Seven Ranges, because seven ranges of townships west from the 
Pennsylvania line were included in this first survey.^ 

It has already been pointed out that a state-wide grant of land 
for school purposes began with Ohio's admission as a state, and 
that the precedent thus established has been followed in admitting 
all the later states.^ It is also true that the rectangular method 
of laying out townships with meridian lines, sections, towns, and 
ranges was first practiced in the Ohio surveys,' and the method 
here established became, too, the universal practice in all sub- 
sequent government surveys. 

Two great American inventions were thus first tried in Ohio — 
the state-wide grant of school lands, and the rectangular method 
of survey into six-mile square townships, with thirty-six sections, 
of one mile square, in each. Ohio was not only the first state to 
receive Section 16^ as a school grant; it was the first state to have 
any Section 16. 

The surveys in Ohio, however, were not all uniform in the 
method of laying out and subdividing the townships. The Seven 
Ranges, as has been said, were first surveyed. The townships 
here were laid out six miles square, and divided into thirty-six 
sections, each one mile square, but the numbering of the sections 
differs from that in the later surveys. The numbering was that 
shown on page 56, Fig. I. Section 1 is located in the lower south- 
east corner of the township, and the sections are numbered upward, 
in tiers of six, from the base line of the township. This method of 
laying out townships and numbering sections was also used in the 
Ohio Company and Symmes Purchases. 

In the Western Reserve and the United States Military Lands 
the townships were laid out in five-mile squares instead of six, and 
at first were not surveyed into sections, but simply divided into 
four 20,000-acre blocks in each township and these numbered as 
shown in the diagram on page 56, Fig. IV. 

The Virginia Military District is the only part of Ohio in which 
the rectangular system of survey was not employed. The early 

1 A. A. Graham, "The Land and Township System of Ohio," Annual Report of the Secretary of State 
to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the Year 1885, p. 20. 

^ See page 6. 

^ Western Reserve Historical Society Tracts, II, 188. 

* Section 16 was the section reserved for school purposes in each township in the "Congress Lands" 
of Ohio and in the Ohio Company and Symmes Purchases. The precedent established has been followed 
in all the later states, and Section 16 has regularly been the school section. Since 1848, with the admission 
of Oregon, Section 36 has been added to the school grant. 



58 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

settlers here chose each "for himself his lands, locating them by any 
natural boundary, however irregular it might be, taking care only 
to get the full amount of land demanded by the warrants."^ "This 
led to no regular survey, and, as a consequence, an irregularity in 
township and county lines followed, which were generally based 
on the boundaries of the warrants." 

The rest of the state was made up of Congress Lands, and in all 
of these the method of survey was that of the six-mile square town- 
ship, and the division into sections. The manner of numbering 
the sections was changed from that in the Seven Ranges and in 
the Ohio Company and Symmes l^urchases. 

Section 1 in these lands is located in the upper right-hand cor- 
ner—the northeast corner — of the township, and the sections are 
numbered to the west and east alternately, Section 6 lying in the 
northwest corner of the township, and Section 7 located just be- 
neath Section 6 and numbering back to the east again, as shown 
in the diagram on page 56, Fig. II. 

This method of numbering was settled by federal legislation in 
1799- and has remained the same since that time. 

The Land Ordinance of 1785-'' "for ascertaining the mode of 
disposing of lands in the Western Territory," provided that "there 
shall be reserved the lot No. 16 of every township for the main- 
tenance of public schools within said township." 

In accordance with this provision, as has been seen. Section 16 
was reserved for schools in both the Ohio Company and Symmes 
Purchases. In these two tracts there is also found a reservation 
for religion as well as for education, a thing not true elsewhere in 
the state. As a part of the bargain in the purchase of these lands 
Section 29 in each township was granted by the government to the 
purchasers for religious purposes, and these sections have ever 
since been known as the Ministerial Lands. 

When Ohio was admitted to the Union the provisions of the 
Ordinance of 1785, concerning school lands, were carried out as 
fully as possible in the rest of the state. In all of the Congress 
Lands Section 16 in each township was permanently reserved for 

1 Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor oj the State oj Ohio for the Year ISXS, p. 25. 
The stalcmcnts concerning the surveys in Ohio are in the main based on A. A. Graham's article on "The 
Land and Township System of Ohio," Annual Report of the Secretary of Stale to the Governor of the Stale 
of Ohio for the Year 1SS5, pp. 18-29, and Col. Charles Whittlesey's discussions on "Surveys of Public Land 
in Ohio," Western Reserve Historical Society Tracts, U, 187-91 and 281-86. 

^ Western Reserve Historical Society Tracts, II, 282. 

* T. Donaldson, The Public Domain, chap. xiii. 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 59 

the schools of the township. It was not in the power of Congress to 
grant Section 16 in such tracts as the Western Reserve, the Virginia 
MiHtary Reserve, and the United States MiHtary Lands. These 
lands either did not belong to the federal government or there were 
prior claims and unsatisfied land warrants that stood in the way of 
any such granting of specific sections. The United States did not 
own the land on the Western Reserve, and in the case of the so-called 
Military Lands the private ownership of much of the land, through 
the taking up of land scrip or bounties by the soldiers of the Revolu- 
tion, in the service of the federal government and Virginia, might 
conflict in any township. 

For this reason the assigning of school land in these portions of 
the state could not take the form of reserving Section 16 in each 
township. Some other method of setting aside one thirty-sixth 
part of the land for the use of the schools in these regions had to be 
devised. 

The land originally reserved for schools in the Virginia Military 
Lands was, in amount, one thirty-sixth of the entire tract, to be 
selected by the legislature of Ohio from the unlocated lands, after 
the warrants issued by the state of Virginia had been satisfied.^ 

In 1807^ Congress, in response to a petition from the state 
legislature,^ appropriated eighteen quarter-townships and three 
sections in lieu of the original grant. These new lands, however, 
were not located within the Reserve itself, but to the northeast, 
between the Western Reserve and the United States Military 
Reserve. This territory was in Congress Lands, title to which had 
been purchased from the Indians. 

In two very significant ways a grant of this kind differed from 
the grant of Section 16 in each township. In the first place, an 
assignment of this character could not be made for the township 
individually, but had to be for the schools of the Virginia Military 
Reserve as a whole. Secondly, the school lands were at a distance, 
and not something immediately at hand and under the observation 
of all as in the case of Section 16 in each township. Something of 
this same sort was true in the case of each of the other large reserves, 
and this was bound to be reflected in some differences in legislation 
concerning these various grants. 

^ U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. II, 225. 

2 Nashee, A Compilation of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the State of Ohio, 
p. 157. 

^O.L., V, 132. 



60 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

The land reserved for the United States Mihtary Tract^ was 
similarly assigned by quarter-townships, but the reservation was 
made within the United States Military Lands themselves. The 
amount of the grant in this case was fourteen quarter-townships. 
It must be remembered in comparing this grant or that of the 
Western Reserve with those of other parts of the state that the 
townships in these two regions contain only twenty-five square 
miles, as compared with thirty-six elsewhere. 

The school lands first selected for the Western Reserve consisted 
of fourteen quarter-townships, not located in the Reserve itself, 
but in the United States Military Lands. To this was added by 
the act of Congress in 1834^ land that amounted to 37,758 acres, 
to be selected from the unlocated lands of the United States within 
the state, by sections, half-sections, and quarter-sections. This 
additional grant of 1834 was in lieu of one thirty-sixth part of that 
land in the Western Reserve, which belonged to the Indian tribes 
when Ohio was admitted, but the Indian title to which had been 
extinguished in 1805. 

The Moravian Tract, mentioned once or twice in the legislation, 
was a comparatively small reserve of 12,000 acres in Tuscarawas 
County, originally granted by Congress to the Society of United 
Brethren, in trust for Christian Indians. These lands reverted to 
the United States in 1824, and in the same year Congress^ set aside 
one thirty-sixth part of the tract for the use of schools. 

The location of the more important of these various tracts can 
be most easily gained by consulting the map on page 55. 

The Western Reserve is a strip of land on the northern boundary 
of the state approximately thirty-five miles wide and one hundred 
and twenty miles long, extending west from the Pennsylvania 
border. It was this land, which Connecticut claimed and to 
which she refused to cede her interests when the other states were 
yielding their claims in the Northwest Territory to the United 
States, that was known as the Connecticut Western Reserve, or, 
more generally, simply as the Western Reserve. 

The Virginia Military District is located between the Scioto 
and Little Miami rivers, projecting to the northward considerably 
past the middle of the state. It takes its name from the fact that 

* U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. II, 225. 
2/6«</., Vol. IV, 679. 
' Ibid.. 56. 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 61 

this portion of the state was "reserved by Virginia from her cession 
of the territory northwest of the Ohio River, for the satisfaction of 
land bounties issued to her troops upon Continental establish- 
ment."^ 

The United States had also set aside a large tract of land to be 
used in paying the claims of her soldiers in the Revolutionary War. 
This reservation was known as the United States Military Lands, 
and is located just a little to the east and north of the center of the 
state. 

It is a section of the state fifty miles in width on its eastern 
border, beginning at the northern line of the original Seven Ranges 
of townships first surveyed, and following the western boundary 
of the Seven Ranges fifty miles south. Its southern boundary 
extends from this point directly west to the Scioto River, while on 
the west the Scioto itself is the natural barrier; on the north it is 
bounded by the Greenville Treaty Line (the old Indian boundary 
line), running from the Scioto back to the Seven Ranges.^ 

In all these grants the purpose and intent of Congress was that 
the land should be for the use of schools in the particular township 
in which Section 16 was located, or where it was impossible to grant 
Section 16, that the lands should be for the use of the particular 
area for which the grant was made. 

The care of the lands was vested in the legislature of the state, 
for the use of the particular townships and districts interested.^ 
Some explanation of the excessive amount of legislation concerning 
these lands is found if one keeps clearly in mind the terms of the 
original grant and the ever-present tendency of the Ohio legislature 
to allow communities, so far as it could legally be done, to conduct 
their own affairs. 

In all the school-land legislation passed in Ohio during this 
period, the legislature, formally at least, guarded against any 
diversion of the money received from these lands, but largely fol- 
lowed the desire of the local township or territory as to the handling 
of the lands, after setting up the formal legal guards. The lands 
were not regarded, and were not intended, as a grant to the state 
at large, and it is perhaps only natural that an attempt should 
have been made to carry out the desires of the townships and 

' Taylor, A Manual oj the Ohio School System, p. 83. 
*/6tW., p. 85. 

' Nashee, A Compilation oJ Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the State of Ohio, 
pp. 154, 155. 



62 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

districts to which the lands were felt to belong. Added to this 
there was the disposition to be lenient with the early settlers on 
the lands. No doubt, justice was not done to the cause of educa- 
tion, but it must be remembered that the schools had no advocate, 
while the petitioner asking special privileges or terms in regard to 
the sale or lease of lands was a concrete fact with concrete desires 
and needs, and the legislature doubtless felt that it had done its 
whole duty if the terms of the grant were formally protected. 

Certain general policies of handling the lands may be outlined 
before the legislation is discussed in greater detail. These are: 
the policy of temporary leasing, 1803 to 1817; the policy of per- 
manent leasing, 1817 to 1823; preparation for selling the lands, 
with temporary leasing, 1823 to 1827 ; the policy of selling the lands 
outright, 1827 to 1850. 

The evident intent of the first acts concerning school lands was 
to devise a means of making them productive and valuable and to 
keep the lands themselves as a permanent source of revenue. 

On April 15, 1803, ^ the legislature passed an act that provided 
for leasing Section 16 for a term that was not to exceed seven years, 
and the lands in the United States Military Tract, which included 
both the grants to that tract and to the Western Reserve, for a 
period not to exceed fifteen years. 

The rent was to be paid by certain specified improvements. 
On each quarter-section (160 acres) fifteen acres were to be cleared 
and fenced in separate fields, five acres were to be sowed in timothy 
or red clover, three acres to be planted with one hundred thrifty 
and growing apple trees, and the remaining seven acres pre- 
pared for plow land. The leasing was to be carried on by agents 
in the several counties or districts appointed by the governor, and 
the leases were to be granted to those who guaranteed to make the 
required improvements in the shortest period of time. 

The intention was to attract settlers who were unable to buy 
land or pay rent, and have them by their labor turn the school 
land into an attractive and productive piece of property, which 
would command a definite revenue. The difficulty with the plan 
from the lessees' standpoint was that, just at the time the land 
became productive, he must either move or begin to pay rent for 
improvements which he himself had made. With land cheap and 

IQ.L., I, 61. 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 63 

abundant on every hand and terms easy, the ambitious and desir- 
able settlers were not attracted by a proposition that did not allow 
them to keep the land on which they settled and the improvements 
which they had themselves made. 

The results were evidently not satisfactory, for on February 20, 
1805,^ an act was passed giving the township trustees authority to 
lease the lands in their respective townships for a term not to 
exceed fifteen years to those who made the most "advantageous 
proposals." This was followed in 1806^ by an act which allowed 
any surveyed township in which there were twenty electors to 
incorporate and choose trustees for the special management of 
Section 16. The section was to be laid off in lots of eighty to two 
hundred acres, and not more than one lot could be leased by any 
one person. It was made the duty of the trustees to guard against 
waste and to see that the terms of the lease were complied with. 
The provisions of these acts left the management of the lands and 
the terms of leasing wholly in the hands of the township, except for 
the fact that a fifteen-year term could not be exceeded and not 
more nor less than a specified amount leased to any one person. 

None of the acts so far had made any provision for the land 
granted to the Virginia Military Tract for the use of schools. It 
will be remembered that this consisted of some eighteen townships 
lying outside the district and not located so that it could be locally 
managed. 

By an act passed in 1809^ these lands were offered for sale to the 
highest bidder at a minimum price of two dollars per acre, the 
purchaser receiving a ninety-nine year lease, renewable forever, 
with no provision for revaluation. It was the evident design to sell 
these lands out at once and create a fund the proceeds from which 
might be available for school purposes when needed.'* The act 
provided that the lands were to be advertised in four newspapers 
within the state, and newspapers at Pittsburgh and Brownsville, 
Pennsylvania, and Wheeling, Virginia. 

The purchaser was to pay down the sum charged against each 
quarter section for the expense of surveying and offering the land 
for sale, and on the purchase price yearly interest of 6 per cent for- 

' O.L., III, 230. 
^O.L., IV, 66. 
^O.L., VII, 109. 

^ The money received was to be paid into the state treasury subject to appropriation by the state 
until it should be appropriated for the use of schools in the district (O.L., XIII, 307) . 



64 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

ever. Succeeding legislatures were given the right to make such 
commutations as they might deem expedient. This clause was 
evidently intended to leave the way open for legislation that would 
permit a cash payment in lieu of the 6 per cent annual rental. 

The terms were meide still easier for the purchaser by the act 
of 1810/ which provided that the amount paid down on each 
quarter section should be ten dollars (to pay for surveying, adver- 
tising, etc.), and that the 6 per cent interest should not begin until 
five years from the date of sale. The postponement of interest 
money for five years was doubtless made to meet the competition 
of United States land offered for sale within the state on easy terms 
and with taxes deferred for the first five years after purchase. Each 
purchaser was required by this act to build a cabin and clear three 
acres of land within three years. 

In the same year- an act was passed allowing the township 
trustees to receive either money or produce as rent from Section 16, 
and requiring the lessee to make such improvements as the trustees 
thought proper, and in 1814'' it was made illegal for any lessee of 
school lands to act as township trustee or treasurer. 

This covers the main features of the land policy during the 
period of temporary leasing. Beginning with 1816* in the Virginia 
Military Tract, and 1817^ in the rest of the state, the policy was 
inaugurated of granting permanent leases with a revaluation of the 
lands at stated periods. 

The policy of selling the Virginia Military Lands was changed 
for the lands that were still unsold. The governor was to appoint 
"three disinterested persons to appraise them" and a register under 
a bond of ten thousand dollars was appointed to lease them. The 
leases ran for ninety-nine years, renewable forever, but the law 
provided that they were to be revalued in 1835 and each twenty 
years after that date, the rental to be 6 per cent on the appraised 
value, payable annually. 

This principle, with certain changes in details, was adopted 
the following year, 181 7, for the rest of the state,^ with the exception 
of the Western Reserve school lands. Those who held school lands 

'O.L., VIII, 253. 
*0.I.., VIII, 100. 
^O.L., XIII, 295. 
^O.L.,XIV, 418. 
6 O.L., XV, 202. 
' Idem- 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 65 

under temporary leases were allowed to obtain permanent leases 
by making application to the county commissioners in the following 
manner: they must present, first, a certificate signed by the town- 
ship trustees that they had complied with their present lease, and, 
secondly, the consent in writing of the trustees of the organized 
township and of a majority of the citizens in unorganized townships 
to the granting of a permanent lease in the place of a temporary 
one. The land was then appraised by three appraisers appointed 
by the county commissioners, and the value of all improvements 
was made a part of the appraised estimate (improvements under 
temporary leases were a part of the rental paid). The township 
trustees were then authorized to grant leases for ninety-nine years, 
renewable forever, at the rate of 6 per cent annually, and with a 
revaluation each thirty-three years. The same method was fol- 
lowed in the case of unoccupied lands, excepting the provision 
concerning compliance with the former lease. 

In unorganized townships the county commissioners had charge 
of the leasing, and in the United States Military District the Court 
of Common Pleas. When land was revalued, it was to be appraised 
at the rate of unimproved land of the same quality in the vicinity. 
The appraiser was to consider only the general advance in land 
prices and not the value that had been added by the labor of the 
lessee. 

Another act passed in 182P directed that land in the United 
States Military Tract appraised at less than one dollar an acre 
should not be leased, and confirmed the principle of permanent 
leasing with minor changes in details of administration. Improve- 
ments made by settlers in this district were included in the valua- 
tion at the first appraisal after this date, being considered as a part 
of the rental on the temporary leases held by such settlers. These 
laws for permanent leasing at no time applied to the school lands 
belonging to the Western Reserve. 

While the general policy of ninety-nine-year leases with a 
revaluation at stated periods began in the years 1816 and 1817, 
there had been many individual leases of this type legalized by 
special legislative action. It was not, therefore, a totally new 
departure. Prior to 1817 twenty-five local acts had been passed 
by the legislature legalizing permanent leases for portions of the 
school land in various localities, and in the leasing of the Ministerial 

>0.L.,XIX, 161. 



66 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Lands, Section 29, in the Symmes and Ohio Company Purchases, 
this plan had been adopted as early as 1806.^ 

The first school land to be so leased was the section belonging 
to the town of Marietta in I8O8.2 From this time until it became 
a general policy, the wishes or needs of various communities were 
met by these special legislative actions. It is interesting to note 
that in ten of the twenty-five acts so passed the reason assigned is 
the establishment of a flour mill, sawmill, or similar industry. In 
these cases Section 16 evidently furnished desirable mill sites and 
water power, but lessees were unwilling to erect mills, so essential 
to newly settled communities, without some guaranty of per- 
manence. 

In general, the policy of permanent leasing was found undesir- 
able. From the present standpoint it can be seen that if it had been 
persisted in, and the leasing and revaluation had been carefully 
managed, it would have preserved to the state a school property of 
enormous value, which would eventually have produced an income 
far in excess of the method of selling the lands and funding the 
proceeds. From the standpoint of the men of that time it was 
found undesirable because it did not succeed in producing any 
adequate revenue then for the schools. Land was abundant and 
cheap. Money for the support of schools was scarce. The state 
was rapidly filling up,^ but desirable settlers preferred to obtain 
land in fee simple. It doubtless appeared to those most friendly 
toward schools and education that it would be more desirable to 
take advantage of the opportunity to sell, getting the best terms 
possible and assuring to the schools some definite support from the 
grant that had been made. Up to this time the actual revenue 
derived from the lands had been very small. ^ 

Caleb Atwater, of Cincinnati, a warm friend of the schools, as 
chairman of a committee in the Lower House, said in a report to 
the Assembly in 1822: 

From all the committee have been able to learn it would seem^ that more 
money has been expended by the state in legislating concerning these lands than 
they have yet or ever will produce, unless some other method of managing them 

1 O.L., IV, 38. 

^O.L., VI, 96. 

' See p. 4. 

* Atwater, speaking of the first eighteen years of the state's history, said: "Scarcely a dollar was ever 
paid over to the people for whose benefit the land had been given" (Atwater, A History of the State of Ohio, 
Natural and Civil, p. 253). 

!■ Ibid., p. 25S. 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 67 

be devised than any hitherto pursued The committee are impressed 

with the belief that unless these lands are soon sold .... no good and much 
evil will accrue to the state from the grant of these lands by Congress. 

He was not alone in his opinion. A memorial addressed to 
Congress by the General Assembly in the same year/ speaking of 
school lands in general in the West, said that these lands had as 
yet been very unproductive, and while the legislatures of the states 
in which they are situated are restricted by the conditions attached 
to these grants they must ever be so. Indeed, it may well be 
doubted whether more money has not been spent than the whole 
amount derived from the lands. 

The legislature at this session was evidently impressed by 
Atwater's report and convinced that the policy of leasing under 
any of the plans tried was a failure. The lands belonging to the 
Western Reserve were still being leased on temporary leases with 
a maximum of fifteen years' duration. Throughout the rest of 
the state the policy of permanent leasing was the authorized method. 

The unleased lands belonging to the Western Reserve were 
first withdrawn from leasing. This act, passed January 21, 1822,^ 
forbade any further leasing of unoccupied lands, and allowed 
occupied lands to be released not longer than to April 1, 1826. 
The following year, January 27, 1823,^ the legislature authorized 
the surrender of leases for school lands throughout the entire state, 
and forbade the granting of any new leases for a period of one year. 
The intent of this law was evidently not to compel a surrender of 
leases, but to provide a way in which they might be legally ter- 
minated at the desire of the lessee, with a prospect of sale in fee 
simple at some future time. 

This same act directed the various county auditors and the 
register of school lands in the United States Military District to 
make a complete report to the auditor of state showing "the whole 
amount of school lands in each county, what proportion is leased, 
what is vacant, how the lands are divided, distinguishing each 
tract by the number of acres, range, township, section and quarter, 
showing what parts are leased, what rent is reserved on each tract 
leased, how long the lease is to run, whether renewable, and if so, 
whether subject to reappraisement." 

* O.L., XX, 64. 
2 O.L., XX, 34. 
2 O.L., XXI, 33. 



68 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

It is evident that neither the legislature nor any state officer 
knew just what the situation was in regard to school lands through- 
out the state. This lack of information was the natural result of 
the various policies adopted for handling the lands. In organized 
townships the township trustees were in charge of the leasing and 
in unorganized townships, the county commissioners. In the 
United States Military District the Court of Common Pleas super- 
vised the leasing of both the lands reserved for that district and 
those belonging to the Western Reserve, while in the Virginia 
Military District a land officer, appointed by the General Assembly, 
was in charge. There was no central office or body which had 
general supervision except the legislature itself. This body now 
felt the necessity of a general change of policy, but found that it 
lacked information as to what had already been done. 

The cessation of leasing and the acquiring of the information 
desired prepared the way for this general change in policy. It was 
felt that more advantageous results could be obtained by selling 
the lands outright, but there was doubt in the minds of the legisla- 
tors as to the authority of the state to permit the lands to be dis- 
posed of in this way. By the terms of the original grant, the lands 
had been set aside for the use of schools in the particular townships 
and districts forever. While the general management of the trust 
was vested in the legislature, it seemed doubtful if actual alienation 
of the lands was originally contemplated, even though the funds 
should be permanently invested for the use of schools. 

In 1824,^ a carefully phrased memorial was submitted to Con- 
gress, asking, first, for an additional grant of land for the use of 
schools in the Western Reserve,^ and, secondly, that Congress 
confirm the right of the state of Ohio to sell the school lands. As 
an indication of the sentiment of the time it is an interesting docu- 
ment. It shows, first, that the general attitude of the state toward 
the grant from the United States was that the lands had been ceded 
by the United States in return for certain concessions made by 
Ohio, and, secondly, the difficulties that inhered in the attempt to 
derive a revenue from the lands themselves. The memorial argues 

* O.L., XXII, local, 153. 

^ When the original grant was made for the Western Reserve, no lands were set aside for the use of 
schools in the lands then held by the Indian tribes within the Reserve. When the Indian title was extin- 
guished, Ohio immediately asked for an additional grant equal to one thirty-sixth part of the land so held. 
This grant was finally made by Congress in 1834. (U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. IV, 679.) 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 69 

that the original grants were in the nature of a compact made with 
the state and were "granted upon full consideration arising from 
the increased value of the remaining lands belonging to the United 
States and also from the relinquishment, on the part of the state 
of Ohio, of the right to tax the lands of the United States within the 
state of Ohio until five years after the sale thereof"; "that it was 
the intention of the parties to the compact aforesaid that one 
thirty-sixth part of all the lands within the state of Ohio should be 
granted to the people thereof for the use of common schools, and 
should be placed under the control of the legislature," and that 
the state is of right entitled to the additional grant for the Western 
Reserve. 

The memorial goes on to say that, in relation to the lands already 
appropriated, the legislature has "resorted to various methods of 
rendering them productive, and, in particular, that of leasing them 
to such individuals as have applied therefor; that experience has 
fully demonstrated that this fund will be wholly unavailing in their 
hands in its present shape"; that to accomplish the objects contem- 
plated "the legislature should possess unlimited control over the 
lands" with the power of disposing of them in fee. 

"The objections which are urged against the present mode of 
administering that fund are in the first place that by reason of the 
facilities which the state of Ohio affords for acquiring property in 
real estate, a necessity exists of leasing the lands to persons almost 
destitute of pecuniary means whereby the avails of these lands are 
rendered, at least, uncertain. In consequence also, that as these 
lands are detached over the whole of the state of Ohio, the expense 
which must necessarily be incurred by creating a superintendence 
over them renders them less productive than your memorialists 
conceive they might be rendered if the lands were sold and the 
proceeds concentrated in one fund." 

"The fact, also, before adverted to, that these lands must 
necessarily be entrusted to the possession of those of the lowest 
class of the community, and who possess no permanent interest 
in the soil, has produced a waste upon these lands of their timber 
and otherwise, equal perhaps to the whole revenue which may have 
been derived from them." 

The memorial recites further that the method of leasing "will 
invite and retain a population within her boundaries of a character 
not to be desired and in amount so great as to create an evil which 



70 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

can only be conceived of in a country where every individual posses- 
sing a very moderate portion of industry and economy may, within a 
single year, appropriate to himself in fee a quantity of land sufificient 
to furnish means of support for an ordinary family." 

The memorial continues by saying "that these evils arise wholly 
from the system of granting leases and are such as cannot be 
remedied by legislative action, if, as some have supposed, the state 
have not the power, under the terms of the original grant, of dis- 
posing of these lands in fee." The memorialists believe that the 
state has the right, but "they are of the opinion that an act of the 
Congress of the United States declaratory of the extent of the grant 
aforesaid will be productive of much benefit in case the legislature 
of the state should hereafter determine to dispose of the same; that 
it will have the full effect of removing the doubt in the minds of 
the purchasers and thereby enhance the price which will be obtained 
for the same." 

They therefore asked Congress to grant them the right to dis- 
pose of the lands in fee, the proceeds to be invested in a permanent 
fund, the income of which should be applied for the use of common 
schools in the townships or districts to which the lands were orig- 
inally granted, provided that Section 16 should not be sold without 
the consent of the inhabitants of the township to which the land 
belonged. 

Congress passed the desired legislation February 1, 1826,^ and 
on January 27, 1827,^ the legislature passed an act directing each 
township in the state possessing school land to vote upon the ques- 
tion of its sale, and also authorizing the inhabitants of the United 
States Military Districf and the Virginia Military District* to 
decide the same question. Legislation authorizing a vote on the 
Western Reserve'' was not passed until the following year. 

In the meantime the policy of special legislation to meet local 
needs had continued. From 1817 to 1823,^ the period of permanent 
leasing, twenty-one local acts had been passed making special 
provisions for leasing or extending the time for making payments 

• U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. IV, 138. 
2 0.L.,XXV. 56. 

'O.L.,XXV, 10.?. 

* O.L., XXV, local, 4.S. 
*0.L., XXVI, local, 135. 

*0.L., XIX, 35, 72, 75 are e.xamples. 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 71 

on leases, and from 1823 to 1827 eleven more acts were passed 
authorizing the revaluation of lands leased, changing the conditions 
for lessees, or authorizing short-time leases, etc. 

The general policy inaugurated by the legislation of 1827 and 
1828 remained the policy of the state until 1850, though certain 
changes were made correcting some of the more undesirable features. 

The legislation of 1827 provided that the townships or districts 
interested should decide upon the sale of their school lands and 
described the method by which the sale was to be made in case the 
vote was favorable. It did not actually authorize the sale. This 
was to be done after the vote was taken by additional acts of the 
legislature, or in the case of the United States Military District 
by proclamation of the governor. The provisions governing the 
sale were as follows: Land that was unoccupied was to be appraised 
by the county assessor. The land was then advertised and offered 
for sale to the highest bidder by the county auditor. No bid could 
be received for less than appraised value. Payments were made to 
the county treasurer, and the money received by him was deposited 
with the state treasurer to the credit of the township or district to 
which it had belonged. When the money was all paid, the pur- 
chaser received a deed from the state. 

It was in the legislation concerning the occupied lands that the 
greatest loss occurred to the state. Holders of permanent leases 
were allowed to surrender their leases, and by the payment of the 
appraised value upon which it had been originally leased receive a 
deed in fee simple. The terms of payment were easy, running 
over periods of seven to ten years, and by subsequent legislation 
further extended in many cases. 

The following year, 1828,' the legislature authorized sales to be 
made in thirty-nine counties in which the vote had been favorable. 
From this time until 1850 there was a constant succession of local 
acts authorizing sales in various townships and counties; making 
provisions for leasing lands where the assent was not given to the 
sale; authorizing revaluation of lands where lessees thought the 
original valuation was too high, or the townships considered it too 
low; giving additional time in which to make the payments due; 
and in general enacting various laws that had only local application. 
Between 1827 and 1850 approximately four hundred such acts were 

> O.L., XXVI. local, 4. 



72 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

passed. In 1828^ those townships that had not voted to sell their 
school lands were authorized to lease it for periods of not less than 
three years for improved lands nor seven years for unimproved 
lands. In case the consent of the townships had been given and the 
lands remained unsold, they might be leased from year to year on 
the best terms obtainable. The entire arrangement and responsi- 
bility were placed in the hands of the township trustees. In 1838,^ 
largely through the influence of Samuel Lewis, the state superin- 
tendent of schools, the practice of allowing the holders of permanent 
leases to surrender their leases, and, by payment of the first ap- 
praised value, receive a deed in fee simple, was stopped, and by an 
act of 1843' such surrender was authorized only upon the land being 
reappraised and the amount of its new valuation paid. From 1839'' 
on it was a common practice to include a minimum price below 
which the land could not be sold, and in 1845^ a general act was 
passed forbidding the sale of any school land in the state for less 
than fiVe dollars an acre. This act of 1845 is the last important 
school land legislation during the period 1803-1850. 

SUMMARY 

The Inst attempt of the legislature was to preserve the lands 
and make them productive through a system of short-term leases 
which provided for the payment of rents through improvements 
made upon the lands. This system was followed until 1817 with 
the exception of the land belonging to the Virginia Military District. 

The system of temporary leasing was found unsatisfactory, and 
in 1817 the state embarked on the policy of authorizing permanent 
leases with a revaluation of lands at periods of thirty to thirty-five 
years. This system also proved unsatisfactory in practice. 

From 1827 on the state legalized the sale of school lands in fee 
simple, but allowed the local community to decide whether the 
lands should be sold, and in case they were not, the management 
was left in the hands of the township trustees, with certain limita- 
tions as to the length of time for which leases might be granted. 
The money from lands sold was paid through the county treasurer's 

> O.L., XXVI, 80. 

» O.L., XXXVI, 63. 

» O.L., XLl, 20. 

<O.L., XXXVII. local. 88. 

» O.L., XLIII, 58. 



PUBLIC-SCHOOL LANDS 73 

office into the of^ce of the state treasurer and placed at the disposal 
of the state, the state pledging itself to pay a 6 per cent annual 
interest upon the moneys so deposited for the use of the schools of 
the township or territory to which the land had belonged. The 
revenue from leased land was handled directly by the township 
trustees and apportioned among the school districts of the town- 
ships. The basis of apportionment in each case was the number of 
white unmarried youth between the ages of four and twenty-one. 
During the whole period the legislature heeded local needs and 
wishes through local and special legislation. 

The results of the system, or lack of system, entailed great loss. 
This loss was not due primarily to the leasing of the lands or the 
selling of them, but to the fact that the state had no central office 
whose business it was to oversee the lands and know exactly what 
the conditions were in regard to them, and to see that the laws in 
force were obeyed. The legislature was a changing body. It 
lacked necessary information for intelligent action in many cases, 
and it attempted to meet local conditions without complete knowl- 
edge of the facts. 

The chief specific points in the general policy that resulted in 
loss were: 

First, that of allowing permanent lessees whose lands had been 
appraised during the period from 1817 to 1823' to surrender their 
leases and obtain deeds by paying the original appraisal value. 
This policy was followed until 1838. 

Secondly,^ the policy of local appraisal. This might or might 
not work well. It depended wholly on the appraisers chosen. 
It was found necessary to forbid by law any appraiser purchasing 
land. 

Thirdly, that no minimum price was placed upon the school 
lands until 1845.^ 

Fourthly, the policy of local control in leasing and of special 
or local legislation. Where the school sentiment was high this 

* "Cases have come to my knowledge where land has been taken at six dollars, per acre worth at the 

time fifty dollars The tenants to be sure make their fortunes, but the schools are sacrificed" (Ohio 

Documents, 36th G. A., Doc. 17, p. 41). 

* "In one very aggravated case the assessor was a lessee on the land" (ibid., Doc. 17, p. 41). 

' "It is not uncommon to find land sold for fifty, forty, thirty, twenty, ten, and in one case, as low 
as five cents per acre. Men have become the purchasers of whole sections for a mere trifle, and that some- 
times where it only required a few years to have realized five, ten, fifteen or twenty dollars per acre" 
(Third Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Common Schools, made to the Thirty-eighth General 
Assembly of the State of Ohio, p. 58). 



74 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

might work well, but where it was low the results were likely to be 
disastrous. 

The state lacked any settled, clearly defined policy, and it lacked 
administrative machinery to oversee the policies that were initiated. 
The legislators, in general, were doubtless honest in their efforts, 
but they were in session but a few weeks each year and then were 
engaged on all classes of legislation. It was only as one had oppor- 
tunity to study the question in detail and in its bearing upon the 
state as a whole, and to carry on this work for a period of years, 
that a basis could be afforded for intelligent action. Samuel Lewis 
was enabled to give a portion of his time to this work in the three 
years from 1837 to 1840, and the legislation resulting saved thou- 
sands of dollars for the schools. 

A quotation from the report of John Brough, auditor of state 
in 1839 and 1840, furnishes a fitting conclusion to this summary. 
Mr. Brough had previously been a member of the legislature and 
as a member was evidently satisfied that the general policy followed 
by the legislature was desirable. The quotation shows the change 
in his opinion when, as auditor of state, he gave the question careful 
study. 

One of the most important items of state policy, and one which it is feared 
has been least investigated and understood, is the prudent management and 
judicious disposition of our school lands. Through the indefatigable labor of 
the state superintendent, public attention has been fully aroused to the waste 
that has been committed in this property, and a determination instilled to place 
additional guards upon the future. That determination cannot be too carefully 
cherished or rigidly adhered to. The investigations imposed by the ordinary 
discharge of public duty have thrown a light and sealed a conviction upon my 
own mind, at variance with my former opinions, which had been conceived upon 
a superficial knowledge of the subject; — and such will be the effect upon the 
mind of every one who will seek the records and gather the melancholy informa- 
tion they contain. Our school fund this year, arising from interest on sales of 
lands, and subject to distribution among the counties, is $73,618.78; and to 
accumulate this, we have sacrificed lands, which, if they had been judiciously held 
and managed, would have now given us at least ten times that amount and 
constituted a revenue sufficient to educate every child in the state.' 

1 O.L., XXXVIII, Auditor's Report, 32-33. 



CHAPTER IV 

SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 

SECONDARY EDUCATION 

The legislation concerning secondary education in Ohio prior 
to 1850 deals wholly with the incorporation of private secondary 
institutions, except in the case of a few city or town charters in the 
last few years of this period, which make provision for schools of 
"a higher grade" or for high schools. 

The state did not concern itself with secondary schools except 
to indicate the manner in which they might be incorporated and in 
placing certain limits upon their activities and upon the amount 
of property they might hold. Here again the principle was that of 
local initiative with the state willing to encourage local effort by 
legally recognizing the school established, but taking no respon- 
sibility or initiative for establishing, supporting, or controlling 
such schools. 

The constitution declared that every association of persons 
having given themselves a name might, on application to the legis- 
lature, be entitled to receive letters of incorporation to enable them 
to hold estates for the support of their schools, academies, colleges, 
universities, and for other purposes.^ When the legislature had 
granted the act of incorporation provided for, it considered its whole 
duty in the matter at an end. The idea of a free system of common 
schools gradually developed during the period and the conception 
of state-wide taxation for at least their partial support appears as 
early as 1825, but at no time prior to 1850 does the legislation show 
any conception of a state system of education embracing elemen- 
tary, secondary, and higher education. Secondary education was 
for those communities that wanted and could afford to pay for it. 

Mr. Lewis in his second report in 1838 had clearly in mind the 
beginnings of a state secondary system. He did not, however, 
advocate legislation that would in any way compel the state to 
take a part in the establishment of secondary schools, but rather a 

* O.L., I, 3, Art. 8, Sec. 27. 

75 



76 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

law (hat would allow iiulividiial towiishijis to establish such schools 
and support thtMii from public funds, with the method of establish- 
ment and support warranted by tiie law of the state. 

His advice to the legislature on the subject was as follows: 

There arc some townships that have the means and tlie desire of establishing 
central township schools or academies, and in most of our townships the youth 
over twelve years of age could with convenience attend such a school. The 
number of townships now prepared for this measure is small, but will be increas- 
ing. I recommend, therefore, a prov" iving the whole number of directors 
in the township authority to est; school, and assess upon the township 
such sum of money as may be .equired lor that purpose, and to this end they 
should from their own number appoint a board of five, who should for the time 
being control such central school. 

The mere passage of the law could do no harm to those townships who would 
refuse to avail themselves of its provisions, and would give to those desiring the 
privilege, the right to exercise it.' 

No action was taken upon (his reconnnendation, and no general 
legislation conct-rning secondary education was cMiacted prior to 
1850. Some city charters made provision for schools above the 
elementary, but the state did not concern itself with secondary 
education as a recognized part of (he pid)lic-schooI system. 

The usual type of secondary ins(i(u(ion receiving letters of 
incorporation was an academy supported by a stock company, 
with shares selling for from five to fifty dollars each. A community 
that wished an education for its children beyond the three R's of 
the common school subscribed stock for the purpose of building 
and ecjuipping a school of higher grade. The management was 
ordinarily in the hands of a board of trustees elected by the stock- 
holders. In most c;ises the articles of incorporation do not mention 
tuition or rates, but in some cases it is specifically stated- that the 
rumn'ng expense of the school shall be assessed upon the parents in 
proportion to the number of children attending, and doubtless in 
all cases tuition was charged. Occasionally the trustees are 
authorized to set apart a fimd for the education of poor children.^ 
A school of this type was usually called an academy; less frequently 
the terms "institute" and "seminary" appeared. The names 
"seminary" and "institute" are not used, with one or two excep- 
tions, imtil after 1830. The name "high school" appears at this 

' Ohio Pocumcnls, 37lh C.A,, Dor. M, p. 28. 

*0.L., XVI, 157. Towns o( n^irpcrslielil iiml Miulison, 1818. 

» O.L., IX, 57. Gallia Academy, 1811. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 77 

same period and is used occasionally to designate a school of this 
same general type of organization, supported by an association of 
subscribers, who formed a stock company to raise the funds for 
the establishment or support of the school. The first high school 
chartered in Ohio was The High School of Elyria, February 22, 1830,^ 
followed the next year by the Woodward High School of Cincinnati.* 
The latter institution had been incorporated as the "Free Grammar 
School" as early as 1827,^ but '"s earlier function was declared to 
be the "better instruction of tli hildren" "in the rudiments 

of an English education." By on, L>^.n,, of the incorporation the 
trustees were directed t(j confine instruction to "the common and 
necessary branches of an English education" and not to extend it 
to the higher branches of such an education until the funds were 
sufficient to provide for all the poor children in the city. 

The total number of secondary schools incorporated from 1803 
to 1850 was 172, classed as follows: 

Academies— 1803-10 4 

1811-20 8 

1821-30 10 

1831-40 44 

1841-50 27 

93 

Seminaries — 1803-10 1 

1811-20 1 

1821-30 

1831-40 20 

1841-50 10 



Institutes— 1803-30 

1831-40 13 

1841-50 17 



High schools— 1803-20 

1821-30 1 

1831-40 8 

1841-50 5 



32 



30 



14 



' O.L., XXVIII, local, 116. 
^'O.L., XXIX, local, 43. 
" O.L., XXV. local, 62. 



78 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Boarding school 1 

Universal school 1 

Independent school 1 

3 

Total 172 

The names of these schools and the dates of their incorporation 
arranged in chronological order are shown on pages 78-83 
and their location is shown on the map that accompanies this list. 
The Erie Literary Society, located at Burton, on the Western 
Reserve, leads the list in 1803, followed by academies in Dayton, 
Worthington, and Chillicothe in 1808. 

The Western Reserve far outstrips any other section of the state 
in the number of these institutions, having more than three times 
as many as any other section. The map shows, however, that 
with the exception of the western portion of the state, where the 
settlements were much later, these schools were fairly abundant 
in all parts of Ohio. 

The ambitious boy or girl had before him the incentive to a 
higher education than the common schools afforded and the possi- 
bility of attaining it without going to any great distance. The 
omnipresence of the Ohio man later in our country's history may 
be in no small part accounted for by the omnipresence of the Ohio 
academy and college. 

The list given and the institutions located on the map by no 
means give all schools of this type founded before 1850. Only 
those that received articles of incorporation from the state legisla- 
ture are here shown. 

Secondary Institutions in Order of Chartering, 1803-50 

1. Erie Literary Society, Burton 1803 

2. Dayton Academy 1808 

3. Worthington Academy ^ 1808 

4. Chillicothe Academy 1808 

5. New Lisbon Academy 1810 

6. Steubenville Academy 1811 

7. Gallia Academy, Gallipolis 181 1 

8. Cincinnati Lancaster Seminary 1815 

9. Montgomery Academy 1816 

10. Tallmadge Academy 1816 

11. Florence Academy 1818 

12. Cadiz Academy 1819 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 79 

13. Union Academy, Muskingum County 1819 

14. Lancaster Academy 1820 

15. The Academy of Alma, New Athens 1822 

16. Urbana Academy 1822 

17. Rutland Academy 1822 

18. Franklin Academy, Mansfield 1824 

19. Norwalk Academy 1824 

20. Belmont Academy, St. Clairsville 1824 

21. Circleville Academy 1824 

21J/^ Academy of Perry County 1827 

22. Nelson Academy 1828 

23. Hillsborough Academy 1829 

24. The High School of Elyria 1830 

25. Woodward High School, Cincinnati 1831 

26. Columbus Female Academy 1831 

27. Ashtabula Institution of Science and Industry 1831 

28. Delaware Academy 1831 

29. Kinsman Academy 1832 

30. Canton Academy 1832 

31. Farmington Academy 1832 

32. Ashtabula Academy 1832 

33. Huron Institute 1832 

34. Chillicothe Female Seminary 1833 

35. Ravenna Academy 1834 

36. Union Academy, Wayne County 1834 

37. Vinton Academy 1834 

38. Springfield High School 1834 

39. Female Academy of Mt. Vernon 1834 

40. Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Seminary, Meigs County 1834 

41. The Richmond Classical Institute 1835 

42. Kingsville High School 1835 

43. Conneaut Academy 1835 

44. Windham Academy 1835 

45. Granville Female Seminary 1835 

46. Fellenburgh Institute, Brunswick, Medina County 1835 

47. Western Female Seminary, Mansfield 1835 

48. Wadsworth Academy 1835 

49. Academic Institution of Richfield 1835 

50. Hamilton and Rossville Female Academy 1835 

51. Circleville Female Seminary 1835 

52. Bishop's Fraternal Calvanistic Baptist Seminary, Athens County. . 1835 

53. Universal School of Massillon 1835 

54. Putnam Classical Institute 1836 

55. Seneca County Academy 1836 

56. Madison Liberal Institute , 1836 

57. Wooster Academy 1836 

58. Shaw Academy 1836 

59. Academy of Sylvania 1836 



80 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 




.n^ J ^ Seminary 
A Institute 
•S High school 



Fig. 3. — Secondary institutions chartered in Ohio from 1803 to 1850 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION XI 

60. Granville Academy 1836 

6 1 . Sharon Academy 1 836 

62. Medina Academy 1836 

63. Cieves Independent School 1836 

64. Middieburg High School I {^3^-, 

65. Warren Academy 1837 

66. Sheffield Manual Labor Institute 1837 

67. Neville Institute, Colimibiana County 1837 

68. New I lagcrstown Academy I337 

69. Berea Seminary 1837 

70. Philomathean Literary Institute, Antrim I337 

71. Monroe Seminary, Monroe County I837 

72. Troy Academy J837 

73. New Philadelphia Academy 1837 

74. Massillon Academy 1837 

75. C'leveland Female Seminary Ig37 

76. Akron High School 1838 

77. Cambridge Academy, Guernsey County 1838 

78. Massillon I''emale .Seminary 1838 

79. Western Reserve Wesleyan Seminary, Streetsborough 1838 

80. Edinburgh Academy 1838 

81. Wayne Academy Ig38 

82. Norwalk Female Seminary 1838 

83. Chester Academy, Geauga County 1838 

84. Eaton Academy 1838 

85. Sandusky Academy \S3S 

86. Union Academy, Union County 1838 

87. Dover Academy, Tuscarawas County 1838 

88. Marion Academy, Marion County 1838 

89. Bigelow High School, Xenia 1839 

90. Martinsburg Academy, Knox County 1839 

91. Blendon Young Men's .Seminary 1839 

92. Ashland Academy, Richland County 1839 

93. Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary, Kirtland 1839 

94. Oxford Female Academy 1839 

95. Asbury Seminary, Chagrin Falls 1839 

96. Worthington Female .Seminary 1839 

97. Universalist Institute, Ohio City 1839 

98. Parkman Academy, (ieauga County 1839 

99. Barncsville Male Academy 1839 

100. Brooklyn Centre Academy 1839 

101. Auglaize .Seminary, Wapakoneta 1839 

102. Lithopolis Academy 1839 

103. Meigs County High .School and Teachers' Institute 1839 

104. Mt. Pleasant Boarding School 1839 

105. Cuyahoga Falls Institute 1839 

106. Ravenna Female Seminary 1839 

107. New Hagerstown Female Seminary 1839 



82 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

108. Bascom Seminary of Waynesburg 1840 

109. Greenfield Institute 1840 

110. Streetsborough High School 1840 

111. Willoughby Female Academy 1840 

112. Protestant Methodist Academy of Brighton 1840 

113. Edinburgh Academy 1841 

114. Burlington Academy 1841 

1 15. Athens Female Academy 1841 

116. Canton Male Seminary 1841 

117. Middletown Academy and Library Association 1841 

118. Gustavus Academy 1841 

119. Pine Grove Academy, Porter 1842 

120. Canaan Union Academy 1842 

121. Tallmadge Academical Institute 1842 

122. Bath High School 1842 

123. New Lisbon Academy 1843 

124. St. Mary's Female Educational Institute, Cincinnati 1843 

125. Maumee City Academy 1843 

126. Lebanon Academy 1843 

127. Oakland Female Seminary of Hillsborough 1843 

128. West Lodi Academy 1844 

129. Franklin Academy, Portage County 1844 

130. Salem Academy 1844 

131. Lorain Institute, Olmstead 1844 

132. Waynesville Academy 1844 

133. Keene Academy, Coshocton County 1844 

134. Tallmadge Academical Institute, Second Incorporation 1845 

135. Bedford Seminary 1845 

136. Cincinnati Classical Academy 1845 

137. Columbus Academical and Collegiate Institute 1845 

138. Aurora Academical Institute, Portage County 1845 

139. Cooper Female Academy, Dayton 1845 

140. Akron Institute 1845 

141. Rocky River Seminary 1845 

142. Findlay Academical Institute 1845 

143. Vermillion Institute, Haysville 1845 

144. Cottage Hill Academy, Ellsworth 1845 

145. Normal High School, Carroll County 1845 

146. London Academy, Madison County 1845 

147. West JefTerson Academical Institute 1845 

148. Baldwin Institute, Middleburg 1845 

149. Loudonville Academy 1846 

150. Norwalk Institute 1846 

151. Liverpool Seminary 1846 

152. Mansfield Academical Institute 1847 

153. Xenia Academy 1848 

154. Richland Academic Institute 1848 

155. Felicity Female Seminary, Clermont County 1848 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 83 

155K- Medina Academy 1848 

156. Oxford Female Institute 1849 

157. Miller Academy, Washington 1849 

158. Pomeroy Academy 1849 

159. Springfield Female Seminary 1849 

160. Cadiz High School 1849 

161. Mansfield Female Seminary 1849 

162. Mt. Pleasant Academy 1849 

163. Elliott Female Seminary, Iberia 1850 

164. Vinton High School 1850 

165. Defiance Female Seminary 1850 

166. Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, Hiram 1850 

167. Tiffin Academy, Seneca County 1850 

168. Xenia Female Academy 1850 

169. Hartford High School 1850 

170. Soeurs de Notre Dame Female Educational Institute, ChilHcothe. . 1850 

School Companies and Associations 

1. Union School Association, Harpersfield and Madison 1818 

2. Milford Union School Society, Clermont County 1824 

3. Jefferson School Association 1824 

4. Literary Society of St. Joseph's (to erect academies) 1825 

5. The Mesopotamia Central School Society 1826 

6. Goshen School Association, Logan County 1828 

7. Trustees of the Columbus Presbytery (to found an academy) 1829 

8. The Education Society of Painesville 1829 

9. The Bricksville Academical Association, Cuyahoga County 1831 

10. St. Mary's Female Literary Society (to promote female education) 1B32 

11. The German Lutheran Seminary of the German Lutheran Synod 

of Ohio and adjacent states (to promote learning, morality, 

religion) 1834 

12. North Union School Association of Carroll County 1836 

13. Rome Academical Company 1836 

14. Springborough School Company, Warren County 1836 

15. High Falls Primary Institute, Chagrin Falls (the education of youth) 1838 

16. Newark Association for the Promotion of Education (to establish 

a high school) 1838 

17. The Monroe Academical Association 1839 

18. Harveysburg High School Company, Warren County 1839 

19. Cincinnati New Jerusalem Church School Association 1841 

20. Berkshire Education Society, Delaware County 1841 

21. Western Reserve Freewill Baptist Academical Society (blacks and 

mulattoes not to be received on an equality with white persons) 1843 

22. Sylvania High School Company, Lucas County 1844 

23. Madison Education Society, Lake County 1846 

There were also incorporated during the same period twenty- 
three school or education societies whose purpose was to found 



84 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

academies or other schools, or in some way offer better educational 
facihties to the communities interested. 

The denominational influence does not seem to have been great 
in founding these secondary schools. Some twenty-one of the 
schools and societies are more or less denominational in control 
or in sympathy, as indicated by the act of incorporation or the 
name. In six cases the Conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church either appointed the trustees or had some part in the 
appointment of them. The other schools and societies that show 
denominational influence are scattered among the Presbyterian, 
Baptist, Catholic, German Lutheran, and Quaker sects. It is 
true that prior to 1836 there were also eighty-four church incorpora- 
tions in which the churches were given a right to maintain a school 
by the articles of incorporation. The usual form in which this was 
done was by limiting the use of funds to the support of a church 
"and to any institution of charity or education connected there- 
with." In 1836' a general law was passed which gave any religious 
society incorporating after that date the right to apply property 
not exceeding an annual value of one thousand dollars to the sup- 
port of public worship and such institutions of learning and charity 
as might be connected with such society. How far the rights thus 
extended were used by the churches to found schools of secondary 
grade the laws themselves give no hint. Only a careful search of 
church records could do this. It is probable, however, that a 
secondary school of any importance would have followed the custom 
of the time and sought independent incorporation. The financial 
limitations both in special and in general acts would have prevented 
an extensive educational institution. 

The comparatively small denominational influence exerted on 
secondary schools was not due to any lack of religious or sectarian 
interest. Numerous sects and varied religious beliefs^ were com- 
mon, but this very multiplicity was a source of religious toleration, 
and in the founding of schools for the children of the community a 
common interest was found, in support of which the adherents of 
creeds that were not too divergent often united. 

There are frequent indications in the articles of incorporation 
of an effort to keep the schools free from any cause of religious 

>0.L., XXXIV, 17. 

* Chaddock. Ohio Before 1850. A Study of the Early Influence of Penttsylvania and Southern Popula- 
tions in Ohio, p. 313. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 85 

controversy. Sections appear prohibiting the introduction or 
teaching of any religious tenets peculiar to any Christian sect.^ 
Sometimes there is recognition of the fact that there are other pos- 
sible causes of dissension, as when a clause appears providing that 
"no political, religious, moral or literary association shall have an 
ascendancy in the directory."^ 

The curriculum was not usually specified in the articles of 
incorporation, but was frequently hinted at in the right given to 
the trustees to determine what branches of the "arts and sciences" 
should be taught, or sometimes the phrase ran "learned languages, 
arts and sciences," or branches of a "polite and liberal education." 

The manual labor influence first appeared in 1834 with the 
incorporation of Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Seminary.' The 
Ashtabula Institution of Science and Industry had been founded as 
early as 1831,* but in 1835* the name was changed to the Grand River 
Institute, and there is nothing but the earlier name to indicate 
anything other than the ordinary secondary institution. The name 
of Pestalozzi's one-time associate, Fellenberg, was doubtless in the 
minds of the incorporators of the Fellenburgh Institute in Medina 
County in 1835,® though no mention is made of manual labor in 
the articles of incorporation. There are only four other secondary 
institutions whose articles of incorporation make any mention of 
this phase of education.' One of these, Bishop's Fraternal Calvanis- 
tic [sic] Seminary, chartered in 1835, specifies that there shall be 
manual labor for both males and females.* 

The only control the state exercised over these institutions 
was in limiting the amount of property they might hold, the amount 
of the annual income, or the amount of stock that might be issued. 
It was also common to find an express stipulation forbidding an 
incorporated company of this character to engage in the banking 
business or to issue any medium of exchange. The legislature, 
too, commonly reserved the right to alter the articles of incorpora- 



' O.L., XIII, 132; O.L., XX, 11; O.L., XX, 27; O.L., XXII, 14. 
^O.L., XIII, 132. 
'O.L., XXXIII, local, 5. 
*0.L., XXIX, local, 137. 
'O.L., XXXIII, local, 79. 
•O.L., XXXIII, local, 112. 

' The Sheffield Manual Labor Institute, Bishop's Fraternal Calvanistic \sic] Seminary, the Huron 
Institute, and Kerea Seminary. 
*0.L., XXXIII, local, 328. 



86 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

tion at any time, and in 1839^ a general act was passed to regulate 
incorporated literary societies, which included all associations for 
literary purposes except common schools, colleges, and universities. 
The first general provision of this kind was enacted as early as 
1817, in a rather cumbersome act "to provide for the incorporation 
of schools and library companies. "^ By the terms of this law the 
association that wished to incorporate submitted the articles they 
had prepared to the "President of the court of common pleas," in 
the circuit in which the association was to be established. If the 
"president" approved, he indorsed the same and submitted them 
to the inspection of two judges of the supreme court. They were 
then examined by these judges and, if found comformable to the 
provisions of the law, were approved and indorsed, and deposited 
with the recorder of the county in which the association was located. 

This procedure established the association as a body politic 
and corporate under the laws of the state. It seems to have been 
from the first a dead letter, although not formally repealed. It 
was the first general law of the Ohio legislature that had primary 
reference to education, or educational institutions, and is of interest 
for this reason. 

By the provisions of the act of 1839 the capital stock and prop- 
erty of academies could not exceed forty thousand dollars, unless 
increased in the act of incorporation. The act also stated that no 
part of the funds of such an institution should ever be used for 
banking, nor should certificates of deposit or drafts which in any 
manner could be used as a circulating medium be issued. From 
this time on, too, the directors or trustees were held individually 
liable for all debts of the association. There was no thought of 
state supervision or control of these institutions until 1838,^ and 
then only to see that funds given were being used for the purpose 
for which they were donated. The law at that time directed the 
state superintendent to collect information concerning all funds 
and property given in any way for education, except in the case of 
chartered colleges, and allowed him to direct procedure against the 
corporation by the local prosecuting attorney in case any misap- 
plication of funds appeared. 

1 O.L., XXXVII, 49. 
^O.L., XV, 107. 
5 0.L.,XXXVI, 21. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 87 

HIGHER EDUCATION 
UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS 

A large number of institutions of higher learning were incor- 
porated during this period of Ohio's history, the total number of 
such incorporations before 1850 being forty-four. Among these 
are a number which are still in existence, including some of the 
best known institutions in the state. In the period from 1803 to 
1810 the Ohio University, 1804, originally chartered in 1802; 
Cincinnati University, 1807, and Miami University, 1809, were 
founded. Between 1821 and 1830 Kenyon College, 1824; Western 
Reserve University, 1826; Lane Seminary, 1829, were incorporated; 
followed in the period from 1831 to 1840 by Denison University, 
1832; Marietta College, 1832; Oberlin College, 1834, and Muskin- 
gum College, 1837; while in the last ten years from 1841 to 1850 
Wesleyan University, 1842; Wittenberg College, 1845; Otter bein 
University, 1849; Capital University, 1850; Urbana University, 
1850, and Hiram College, 1850, appeared. 

A number of these institutions were not incorporated under the 
names which they now bear. Ohio University was originally incor- 
porated during the territorial period as the American Western 
University.^ Kenyon College first appeared as the Theological 
Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church ,2 Western Reserve 
University as Western Reserve College,^ Denison University as the 
Granville Literary and Theological Institution,* Marietta College 
as the Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Semi- 
nary,^ Oberlin College as the Oberlin Collegiate Institute,^ and 
Hiram College as the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute.' In a 
few cases academies or other secondary schools were later given 
the right to confer collegiate degrees,^ while in some instances 
institutions incorporated as colleges or universities were doubtless, 
in fact, secondary in character, and in other cases were never 
actually founded, the act of incorporation representing only the 
purpose and ideals of the incorporators. 

1 Nashee, A Compilation of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the State of Ohio, 
p. 220. 

2 O.L., XXIII, local, 12. 
^O.L., XXIV, local, 93. 

* O.L., XXX, local, 88. 
s O.L., XXXI, local, 18. 

* O.L., XXXII, local, 226. 
^O.L.,XLVIII, local, 627. 

8 O.L., XLVI, local, 7; O.L., XXXVII, local, 308; O.L., XLIV, local, 65. 



88 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

State influence on higher education. — The attitude of the state 
toward higher education as toward secondary education was marked 
by a wilHngness to legaHze by incorporation the educational aspira- 
tions of any group of people, while taking on itself a minimum 
amount of responsibility for the resulting institution either through 
support or control. 

Three townships had been set aside for the support of higher 
institutions of learning, two in the Ohio Company's Purchase^ and 
one in the John Cleve Symmes Purchase.^ The Ohio University 
at Athens and the Miami University at Oxford grew out of these 
two grants. These two institutions were under limited state 
control. The General Assembly appointed their trustees, deter- 
mined by legal enactment the manner in which their lands were to 
be disposed of, and in the acts of incorporation laid down certain 
regulations, but in no real sense did the state in this period assume 
any responsibility for them. 

Ohio University. — On December 18, 1799,^ the territorial legis- 
lature, by resolution, requested Rufus Putnam, with two associates, 
to lay off in the college townships (Townships 8 and 9 in Washington 
County) a town plat with a square for the colleges and lots for the 
president and professors, "bordering on or encircled by spacious 
commons." The following year the report of "said Putnam" was 
accepted, and the town of Athens established,^ and on January 9, 
1802,'' the university was incorporated under the name of the 
American Western University, with Rufus Putnam and Return 
Jonathan Meigs, afterward governor of Ohio and Postmaster- 
General of the United States, as members of the first Board of 
Trustees. 

In 1803 Ohio was admitted as a state, and at the second session 
of the legislature, February 18, 1804,^ a second act of incorporation 
was passed, in which the name was changed to "Ohio University." 
A board of twelve trustees, exclusive of the governor of the state 
and the president of the university, ex-officio members, was ap- 
pointed, and power was given to them to appoint teachers and 

' Nashee, A Compilation of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the State of Ohio, 
p. 154. 

* O.L., III, Enabling Act, 69. 

^ Nashee, A Compilation of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the Slate of Ohio, 
p. 219 

* Ibid., p. 220. 
« Idem. 

« O.L., II. 193. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 89 

officers. Vacancies in the board could be filled temporarily by the 
board itself until appointments by the legislature at its next session. 

The faculty was directed to report to the corporation "from 
time to time" and to hold public examinations of the students of 
each class quarterly. Two townships were set aside "for the sole 
use, benefit and support of the state university forever," and direc- 
tions were given for laying off, appraising, and leasing the lands. 
This latter provision directed that the land should be leased on 
ninety-year liens, renewable forever with an annual rental of 6 per 
cent, revaluation at thirty-five and sixty years, and another revalua- 
tion at the end of the ninety-year period. All the land in the two 
townships, together with the buildings, was exempted from all 
state taxes. 

The statement given above includes all the points in which the 
state exercised any control. It appointed the trustees, it directed 
the faculty to report "from time to time" to the trustees, it directed 
that quarterly examinations of the students should be held, and it 
specified how the land granted for the use of the university was to 
be leased. 

The next year^ the legislature changed the form of the lease to 
ninety-nine-year leases, renewable forever, omitting the clause 
calling for a revaluation, and forbade the leasing of any land at 
less than one dollar and seventy-five cents per acre, but in 1807^ 
the trustees were authorized to lease the land that had been ap- 
praised at less than one dollar and seventy-five cents at its appraised 
value. 

The legislation of the next ten years is concerned only with 
different phases of leasing of the land and the appointment of 
trustees, but in 1817,^ an act was passed authorizing a lottery to 
raise the sum of twenty thousand dollars "to defray the expense 
of completing the college edifice lately erected at Athens, and to 
purchase a, library and suitable mathematical and philosophical 
apparatus for the use of Ohio University." On February 1, 1825,'* 
an appropriation of one thousand dollars was made for the purpose 
of paying debts and purchasing philosophical apparatus. In 1826,^ 
during the same period in which the sale of school lands was begun, 

1 O.L., III, 79. 
^O.L., V, 85. 
3 0.L.. XVI, 37. 
*0.L., XXIII, 19. 
*0.L., XXIV. 52. 



90 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

the trustees were authorized to sell the remaining lands in the college 
townships which were not encumbered by leases, and to convey 
title in fee simple to lessees who paid a sum which would yield at 
6 per cent a revenue equal to the yearly rental. The money 
received from such sales was to be deposited with the state treasurer, 
and the state pledged itself to pay 6 per cent on the sums so de- 
posited and reserved the right to repay the money at any time.^ 

In 1836^ and again in 1837^ the legislature passed resolutions 
demanding reports from the university, particularly as to the 
expenditures and receipts, and in the second resolution asking for 
the number of professors engaged, the branches of literature and 
science taught by each, and a list of the number of students of 
each year from 1826 to 1837. In 1838* the commissioners of the 
Canal Fund were authorized to loan five thousand dollars to the 
university to be paid back in annual instalments of one thousand 
dollars each, with interest at 6 per cent, and in 1847^ the president 
and trustees were authorized to fund the debts of the university 
in an amount not to exceed ten thousand dollars, and the debt 
so funded was exempt from taxation. 

In 1843" the legislature passed an act declaring that it was the 
true intent of the law passed in 1805, authorizing ninety-nine-year 
leases, that the land should never be revalued. This meant a 
great annual loss to the university, as the lands were originally 
appraised and leased at a low valuation and rental, and by this 
act the rental could never be increased. The Supreme Court of the 
state had already passed on this question and had decided that the 
lands were legally subject to reappraisal. The act of 1843 was 
passed to nullify that decision.^ 

These chief points in the legislation concerning Ohio University 
in the period from 1803 to 1850 show how little there was of either 
state aid or state direction. One appropriation of one thousand 
dollars, authority to raise twenty thousand dollars by means of a 
lottery, a loan of five thousand dollars, and the privilege of funding 
a debt of ten thousand dollars without taxation, and the exemption 

' The amount received from these sales was comparatively small. The state auditor's report from 
1838 to 1848 shows a credit of $1,897.39 to Ohio University from this source. 
2 0.L.,XXXIV. local, 643. 
^ O.L., XXXV, local, 543. 

* O.L., XXXVI, local, 204. 
6 O.L., XLV. local, 176. 

* O.L., XLI, local, 144. 

^ F. W. Blackmar, The History of Federal and Slate Aid to Either Education in the United States, p. 217, 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 91 

of the lands in the college townships from state taxation comprise 
all the assistance of a financial nature given by the state. 

The appointment of trustees, the requirement of a report asked 
for twice, and certain general requirements specified in the charter 
include all of the control or guidance on the educational side. It is 
evident that the institution was not regarded in any true sense as 
a state university, if by that term is meant an institution supported 
by the state and governed by policies of state initiation. If further 
evidence were needed, it is found in a memorial addressed to Con- 
gress by the legislature in 1829,^ asking Congress to grant two town- 
ships of land for the support of colleges and universities. The 
memorial states that Ohio "has no adequate means of creating and 
fostering scientific institutions without resorting to the odious 
measure of direct taxation." "Possessing no national domains 
and having amongst its citizens few or none whose love of literature 
would prompt at the same time their wealth would make them 
able, to endow public seminaries of learning. . . . the interests 
of science must be neglected and languish, unless aid can be obtained 
in the mode now proposed." 

"Ohio has received no grant of this character, unless the land 
included in the Ohio Company's Purchase and Symmes' Purchase 
should be so considered, but neither the state nor the inhabitants 
of those districts have ever thus regarded them." They were 
intended to be for the special benefit of the inhabitants of those 
districts, and the location of the seminaries was confined to them. 

Miami University. — The legislation concerning Miami Univer- 
sity is of the same general type. The college township was located 
in I8O32 and the university incorporated in 1809.^ By the act of 
incorporation all benefits and advantages were to be open to all 
citizens of the state. A board of twelve trustees was appointed, 
and the faculty was directed to hold at least once in every year a 
public examination of the students in each class. Succeeding 
legislation was concerned only with the appointment of trustees, 
the leasing of college lands, and the collecting of rents, with the 
exception of an act in 1814* which required the trustees to make 
an accurate statement of all proceedings "both as respects the 

' O.L., XXVII, local, 174. 

2 0.L., I, 66. 

3 0.L., VII, 184. 
« O.L., XII, 83. 



92 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

disposal of land, as well as the state of the funds arising from the 
proceeds," to the legislature. There seems to have been no finan- 
cial aid of any kind extended to Miami University prior to 1850, 
and, as in the case of Ohio University, no control or initiation of 
educational policies. The state for the first time shows an awaken- 
ing responsibility in 1849^ by the appointment of a committee of 
three "to examine into and report to the next General Assembly 
the condition of the Miami University and the cause of its decline, 
with such recommendations as they may deem proper to make." 

Other institutions. — A grant of five hundred dollars each was 
made to two other institutions by the legislature by an act passed 
in 1836.^ The two institutions receiving this aid were the College of 
Ripley in Brown County and Franklin College in Harrison County. 
The act of incorporation for the College of Ripley' specified that 
vacancies in the Board of Trustees were to be filled by the General 
Assembly. Aside from this, these two institutions seem in no way 
to differ from others founded during the same period. The appro- 
priation made was evidently incidental and due to local influence, 
and did not indicate any general policy of state aid. It is also an 
indication that the state regarded other institutions in about the 
same way that it regarded Ohio and Miami universities. 

In 1828'* the legislature warmly seconded the efforts of Philander 
Chase, the president of Kenyon College, in his attempt to obtain a 
grant of lands from Congress for the support of that institution, 
and requested its senators and representatives to use their efforts 
in Congress to support such legislation. These instances include 
all of the state's activities in the interests of higher education. 

In the case of other institutions chartered, the state exercised 
no control, except that it became customary after 1830 to specify 
in the incorporating act that the right to amend or alter the charter 
was reserved by the legislature. There also appeared frequent 
limitations as to the amount of real property that might be held, 
or the annual income that might be derived from it. 

Denominational influences. — It is impossible to say from a study 
of the acts of incorporation how far denominational influence was 
instrumental in the founding of the large number of colleges and 

* O.L., XLVII, local, 398. 

2 0.L.,XXXIV, local, 610. 

3 O.L., XXVIII, local, 88. 

* O.L., XXVI, local, 176. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 93 

universities that appeared during this period. It was certainly 
much more influential than in the case of secondary institutions. 
Twenty-one of the forty-four schools show evidence of denomina- 
tional influence either in the act itself or in the name given, while a 
few of them had from the first the preparation of ministers for a 
particular sect in mind. It is quite probable that others were under 
denominational influence where nothing in the charter or name 
indicates it. 

Agricultural schools. — It is interesting to note that as early as 
1846^ a Farmers' College was incorporated in Hamilton County, 
whose purpose was declared to be "to direct and cultivate the 
minds of the students in a thorough and scientific course of studies 
particularly adapted to agricultural pursuits." This institution 
was the result of private initiative and was founded by a stock 
company. 

Summary. — The period was one of activity and interest in 
higher education with a determined effort to afford the advantages 
of college and university training to the young people of the state 
without the necessity of going beyond the state border for it. The 
state's attitude was shown in its willingness to assist through legaliz- 
ing such efforts by acts of incorporation, but with no conception of 
any adequate responsibility in the matter, even for those institu- 
tions which might naturally have been considered state foundations. 

MEDICAL EDUCATION 

During the first eight years of the state's history there was no 
legislation that bore in any way upon medical practice or indicated 
any state requirements for entering the profession. In 181P an 
act was passed to regulate the practice of physic and surgery. The 
state was divided into five medical districts each having three 
medical censors or examiners, and it was made obligatory upon 
anyone who wished to practice medicine as a means of livelihood 
to obtain a license from one of these boards of examiners. The 
qualifications for a license included satisfactory evidence that the 
candidate was of good moral character, and that he had attended 
three full years to the theory and practice of medicine under the 
guidance of some able physician or surgeon, or that he had a license 
from some medical society showing that he had been admitted as 

1 O.L., XLIV, local, 165. 
'^ O.L., IX. 19. 



94 HISTOKY OF ICDIICATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

a pnuiitioiuT. lie was also rf(|uir('<i to ^'ivo. satisfactory answers 
to such (iiicstions as nii^ht be ])iit to him by the examiners in 
"Anatomy, Materia Medica, Chymistry, and the Theory and Prac- 
tice of Physic." 

In 1S12' a medical society was incorporated, the state divided 
into seven medical districts, and the society j^iven power to apjioint 
examining committees to examine and license candidates and also 
to grant honorary decrees to such of the faculty as they mi^ht find 
of distin^uislu'd merit. Practicing without a license from some 
medical society or collej^e ol physicians was forbidden, and a penalty 
from hve to oni' hundri'd dollars was im|M)sed for each offense. 

in 181 7'"^ the candidate was recjuired, in addition tcj the examina- 
tion, to deliver a thesis U|)()n some medical subject, and in 1818'' 
those who had recei\c(l (he de,u;ree of Doctor ol Medicine in any 
university or other medical institution within the United States 
Were exempted from the necessity of being examined for a license. 

In 18P> ■' (hi' fust medical school in the state was incorporated in 
Cincinnati under the name of the Medical College of Ohio. The 
IM'camble recites that the students of medicine in Ohio are so distant 
from any well-regulated college as to labor under .serious disadvan- 
tages in the prosecution of their studies. The purpose of the college 
was to give instruction in physic and surgery and the au.xiliary 
sciences. There were four incorporators, and the act of incorporation 
evidently followed the desires of those responsible for the institution. 
Six professorships were created, and the subjects of instruction of 
each were indicated. The state very early assumed a certain 
amount of control of this institution, at first indirectly, through 
authorizing^' the State Medical Convention to appoint two delegates 
annually to .it lend the conunencement of the medical college, take 
part in the examination, vote on the candidates, and sign diplomas 
on behalf of the convention. This Medical Convention consisted 
of delegates from the various medical districts in the state, and was 
given at the same time (1821)" the exclusive right to grant licenses 
for practice. It was allowed to select each year two indigent 

> O.L., X, S8. 
•' O.L., XV, 19.S. 
SO.L., XVI, 105. 
«O.L.,XVU,37. 
» O.L., XIX, 28. 
• Idem. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 95 

medical students and recommend them to the Medical College, 
whose duty it was to give them instruction gratuitously. 

In 1822^ on recommendation of the Medical Convention, a 
board of thirteen trustees of the college was appointed by the 
General Assembly, and they were given general control of the insti- 
tution, and it was provided that from this time the trustees were 
to be so appointed. 

In 1.825^ the legislature directed that the moneys raised by 
auction fees in Hamilton County should be appropriated for four 
years to the use of the Medical College, unless otherwise directed 
by the General Assembly.^ This was extended to five years at the 
next meeting of the legislature, and in 1831'* one-fourth of the money 
from the same source was appropriated for five years, not, however, 
to exceed twenty thousand dollars for the period. In 1838^ there 
were fifteen hundred dollars appropriated outright from the state 
treasury to be applied to liquidate any unsatisfied claims against 
the school. 

There were no other provisions for financial aid, but in 1833^ 
the medical examiners were allowed to appoint one indigent student 
from each medical district for free instruction, and on the same 
date the governor was requested to appoint a committee of five 
to investigate the organization, government, and condition of the 
Medical College, and to report to the General Assembly, suggesting 
"the proper means of advancing the prosperity and utility of the 
state medical college as an institution of the state, and of medical 
science therein." 

For the first thirty-five years there was no medical institution 
incorporated in any of the other cities of the state. Two other 
institutions were chartered in Cincinnati in 1828,^ the Western Eye 
and Ear Infirmary, whose trustees had power to appoint "surgeons, 
advising physicians, lecturers, and teachers," and the Cincinnati 
Medical Academy,^ designed to give a systematic course preparatory 
to admission to a medical college. 

1 O.L., XXI, 4. 

2 O.L., XXIII, 19. 

3 O.L., XXIV, 4. 

* O.L., XXIX, local, 66. 
^ O.L., XXXVI, 37. 
«0.L., XXXI, local, 269. 
^ O.L., XXVI, local, 28. 

* O.L., XXVI, local, 54. 



96 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

From 1839 to 1850 eight other institutions were chartered in 
the state for various types of medical instruction. There were 
also incorporated nine local and county medical societies, evidently 
associations of physicians organized for the advancement of medical 
science. The State Medical Society was incorporated in 1848^ 
with power to organi/X' auxiliary societies. The state took no part 
in the control or support of the later institutions incorporated. 

LKGAL EDUCATION 

There is almost no legislation bearing on legal education prior 
to 1850. In 1819^ a law was passed that no person should be 
licensed to practice as an attorney unless he had studied law atten- 
tively for the period of two years previous to his application for a 
license. In 1846"^ appeared the first indication of any definite legal 
instruction in an act authorizing any male citizen of the state of 
good moral character to take the oath of ofiice and receive a license 
to practice on producing to two judges of the Supreme Court a 
certificate from the law department of the Cincinnati College. 

Colleges, Universities, and Theoi-ogical Seminaries Chartered in Ohio: 

1803-50 

1. Ohio University 1802 

2. Miami University (locating college townships) 1803 

Miami University (charter) 1809 

3. Cincinnati University 1807 

4. Worthington College 1819 

5. Kenyon College 1824 

6. (College of Alma 1825 

} PVanklin College (name changed) 1826 

7. Western Reserve College 1826 

8. Lane Seminary 1829 

9. College of Ripley 1830 

10. The Trust cos of the firanviile Literary and Theoiogicallnstitiition . . 1832 

11. Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teacher's Seminary. . . . 1832 

12. Oherlin Collegiate Institute 1834 

13. Willoughhy University of Lake Erie 1834 

14. German Reform Synod of Ohio 1836 

15. St. Clairsville Collegiate Seminary 1837 

16. Muskingum College 1837 

17. Baptist Literary and Collegiate Institute of Huron County 1837 

18. Weslcyan Collegiate Institute 1837 

19. Logan College 1838 

'0.L.,XLVI, local, 231. 
*0.L., XVII,92. 
'O.L..XLIV. local, 157. 



SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION 97 

20. Theological Seminary of the Associated Reform Synod of the West. 1838 

21. Central College of Ohio 1842 

22. St. Xavier College 1842 

23. Ohio Wesleyan University 1842 

24. Lafayette University 1842 

25. Germania College 1843 

26. Providence College 1843 

27. Beverly College 1843 

28. < Methodist Female Collegiate Institute 1843 

( Wesleyan Female College (name changed) 1846 

29. Bellefontaine College 1843 

30. English Lutheran Theological and Collegiate Institute of Wooster. . 1844 

31. Ft. Meigs University 1845 

32. Protestant University of the United States 1845 

33. Wittenberg College 1845 

34. Farmers' College 1846 

35. Marietta Female College 1847 

36. S Muhlenberg College 1848 

( Judson College (name changed) 1849 

38. Newton College 1848 

39. Edinburgh College 1848 

40. Mt. Washington College 1849 

41. Otterbein University 1849 

42. Capital University 1850 

43. Cambridge College 1850 

44. Geneva Hall 1850 

45. Urbana University 1 850 



98 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 




Fk;. 4. — Colleges, universities, and theological seminaries char- 
tered in Ohio from 1803 to 1850 
Note: 37 shown on map is Medina Academy 



CHAPTER V 

THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS, AND 
DELINQUENTS 

The institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb and 
the bhnd were definitely recognized as a state responsibility, and 
ample and intelligent provision was made by the state for children 
of this class. This conception of the state's responsibility was not 
recognized at once, however, but was a matter of gradual growth. 
The deaf and dumb school preceded the school for the blind by ten 
years, and in the legislation that centers about it the gradual 
development of the idea of state responsibility for financial support 
can be seen. 

THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES 

Education of the deaf and dumb. — In an act passed in 1822^ the 
Court of Common Pleas was authorized to appoint guardians for 
deaf and dumb persons, and the power of the guardians was ex- 
pressly extended to the protection, education, and maintenance of 
their wards. In case the guardian or parent was unable to teach 
such children to read and write, the law permitted the county com- 
missioners, on application, to appropriate money from the county 
treasury for such instruction. The law was wholly permissive in 
character and simply legalized appropriations for the instruction 
of deaf and dumb children in cases in which the county commis- 
sioners saw fit to grant aid. By the same law the township officers 
were required to report to the county auditors the number of deaf 
and dumb persons in the township, and the auditors were directed 
to report the results to the state auditor. 

This was followed at the next session in 1822^ by an act the sole 
purpose of which was to ascertain the number of deaf and dumb 
persons in the state. Five years later, in 1827,^ an act was passed to 
incorporate the "Trustees of the Ohio Asylum for PLducating the Deaf 
and Dumb." Eight trustees were named in the act of incorpora- 

' O.L., XX, 49. 
*0.L., XXI, s. 
* O.L., XXV, 87. 

99 



100 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

tion, and they were authorized to receive gifts and bequests for 
the purpose of educating the deaf and dumb, and were directed to 
report to the next General Assembly as to the location of the 
schools, the kind of buildings needed, with an estimate of expense 
for buildings and instruction, and a plan for its organization and 
government. The funds of the institution were to be under the 
management of the trustees subject to the regulation of the General 
Assembly, and reports were required annually as to the expenses, 
number of students, number taught at state expense, and the 
number who paid tuition, together with general information as to 
the status of the school. 

The trustees were allowed to draw on the treasury of the state 
for the support of one indigent student from each judicial circuit 
an amount not to exceed one hundred dollars for any student, and 
no student was to receive such aid longer than three years. The 
governor was ex-officio president of the Board of Trustees, and it 
was specifically stated that the incorporated body was under the 
control and direction of the General Assembly. 

The idea of the legislature seems to have been to organize an 
institution under state management and control, but financed by 
private donations, with the state giving a minimum amount to the 
support of indigent students. The following year, 1828, the first 
appropriation of state money was made, amounting to $376.76.^ 
In 1829^ the trustees were authorized to open the asylum in rented 
houses until suitable buildings were erected, and an additional 
appropriation of one thousand dollars was made. The same year 
it was decided to locate the institution permanently in Columbus,' 
and the trustees were authorized to receive any donations of land 
or to purchase a site. In the meanwhile Congress had been urged* 
to appropriate a township of land, or an amount equivalent to that, 
located in smaller tracts, to aid in the education of the deaf and 
dumb. The grant was not made, and in 1830* another appropria- 
tion of one thousand dollars was made, and the trustees were again 
authorized to receive one indigent student from each judicial circuit 
at state expense, but the amount to be expended was reduced from 

•O.L.. XXVI, 4. 

* O.L., XXVII, 63. 
'O.L.,XXVII, local, 171. 

* O.L., XXV, local. 113; O.L., XXVI, local. 178. 
»0.L., XXVIII 30. 



DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS 101 

one hundred dollars to seventy-five dollars for each student.^ The 
next year the number of students receiving state aid was increased to 
two from each circuit,^ a total of eighteen, and an appropriation 
of sixteen hundred dollars^ was made for expenses. This was 
followed in 1832 by an act appropriating one-fourth of the money 
arising from sales at auction in Hamilton County^ and by another 
fifteen-hundred-dollar appropriation from the treasury.^ 

The state had not reached a point where it was ready to assume 
the burden of the school, and it again applied to Congress in the 
same year^ for assistance through a land grant. In this memorial 
it was estimated that a proper housing and equipment would cost 
from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand dollars, with a total 
annual expenditure of nearly ten thousand dollars. It was pointed 
out that Ohio, in common with many other states, did not possess 
land of her own which might be appropriated, and that the only 
resource, unless Congress came to the state's aid, was by drawing 
from revenue derived by direct taxation for other purposes. The 
memorial declares that everyone will admit that this measure is 
impolitic and ought to be avoided, and that it may be deemed quite 
sufficient to provide in this way for indigent students.'' 

From this time on appropriations of fifteen hundred to three 
thousand dollars were common until 1846,^ when a systematic 
budget was evidently adopted and regular appropriations made 
to meet it. The appropriation for expenses in this year amounted 
to nine thousand dollars, with an added four thousand dollars for 
building needs. Provision was made in 1838^ by a two- thousand- 
dollar appropriation for the erection of workshops and the intro- 
duction of mechanical employment as a part of the work of the 
institution.^" 

' There were nine judicial circuits. The expense Involved amounted to $675. 

2 0.L.,XXIX, 427. 

3 0.L.,XXIX, local, 246. 
* O.L., XXX, 20. 
*0.L., XXX, local, 318. 
» O.L., XXX, local, 336. 

^ This memorial states that Ohio had established such a school, that it had been in operation two 
years, and that it had three teachers and nearly thirty pupils, with a prospect that the number of pupils 
would be doubled as soon as accommodations were furnished. 

*0.L., XLIV, 130. 

«0.L., XXXVI, 92. 

*" The legislature voted a grant of one hundred dollars annually in 1828 for two years to the trustees 
of a private school for educating deaf and dumb persons, located in Tallmadge Township, and bearing 
the name of the Tallmadge School for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. This is the only hint that 
appears in the legislation of a private institution of this kind {O.L., XXVI, local, 169). 



102 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Education of the blind. — With the exception of two special acts 
to assist individuals, one afterward repealed, the state took no 
steps looking toward the education of the blind until 1835.^ In this 
year the governor was requested to direct the county auditors to 
make a complete report on the number of blind persons in the state,^ 
and in the following year^ a committee was appointed to study the 
question of the education of the blind in letters and mechanical 
arts and to report to the General Assembly the results of their 
findings with an estimate of the probable expense of establishing a 
public school for that purpose. 

This committee made a careful study of the subject. They 
quote largely in their report* from the address of Dr. S. G. Howe, 
director of the New England Institution for the Blind, which he 
had made to the trustees of that institution. In this address of 
Dr. Howe's there is given a synopsis of the development of the edu- 
cation of the blind in the different European nations and some 
description of the beginnings of such work in the New York and 
New England institutions. 

In addition to the information so gained the committee ad- 
dressed a list of specific questions to the directors of the New York, 
New England, and Pennsylvania institutions for the blind asking 
for definite information about expense, number of teachers needed, 
textbooks available, types of industry suitable to be taught in a 
school of this kind, and other questions of a similar nature. Pro- 
vision was also made for Dr. Howe to visit Columbus during the 
session of the legislature to "deliver lectures and exhibit one or two 
of the pupils in such a manner as to prove their attainments." 

The committee estimated the number of blind in the state as 
500, basing the estimate on the United States census and the 
reports made by the county auditors. Of this number there were 
60 under sixteen years of age whose names and residences were 
known. 

The report closes with the following recommendation: 

In order to commence a school it will be necessary to rent a suitable house, 
and furnish the books and apparatus for a class, and procure one teacher who is 
qualified to give instruction, and provide for the support of those children who 

1 O.L., IX, 68; O.L., X, 68; O.L., XVII, 7. 

* O.L., XXXIII, local, 453. 

* O.L., XXXIV, local, 648. 

* Ohio Documents, 35th G.A., Doc. No. 10, pp. 1-24. 



DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS 103 

are indigent. For this purpose it is supposed that, if the Legislature shall deter- 
mine in favor of the measure, an appropriation of $1,500 will be necessary. — 
And if it shall be deemed expedient to purchase a site on which permanent build- 
ings may hereafter be erected, a further sum of $1,000 may be needed. It is 
desirable also, that as early as practicable, musical instruments may be procured, 
and the necessary arrangements may be made, for teaching music, not only as 
a solace and a pleasure to the blind in their disconsolate condition as strangers 
to sight; but as a means of contributing to their own support in the school, and 
afterward also. And it is especially desirable, and indeed highly important, that 
a superintendent of work, together with implements and materials for some prof- 
itable manufactures, should be furnished; and thus every pupil, when discharged, 
may be able to make his own living. 

In conclusion the Trustees .... beg leave, most respectfully and most 
earnestly, to recommend to the General Assembly the immediate establishment 
of an Institution for the instruction of the Blind.' 

On the Fourth of July, in 1837, the first "school was opened 
with prayer, in the Presbyterian Church in the presence of the 
Teachers and scholars of the Sunday Schools connected with the 
different denominations in Columbus, who, to the number of 900, 
had assembled to celebrate the sixty-first anniversary of Indepen- 
dence. On this day the Teacher and five pupils were present. This 
number was increased to nine, at the middle of September, and 
still further to eleven in the month of November."^ 

The experience of the legislature with the deaf and dumb school 
had prepared it to accept the responsibility for the school for the 
blind in a larger way, and in 1837^ trustees were appointed, and a 
sum of fifteen thousand dollars was authorized for buildings and 
ten thousand dollars appropriated for the purpose of building 
materials and to pay the expense of beginning the school at once. 
In 1838^ fifteen thousand dollars was appropriated to complete 
the building, and the trustees were authorized to receive twelve 
students at state expense. A tuition and maintenance fee not to 
exceed one hundred and twenty dollars annually was fixed for other 
students. The trustees were authorized to procure all necessary 
material and implements for the purpose of instruction in useful 
arts and trades. 

In 1843^ the limitation as to the number of students received at 
state expense was removed, and it was left to the discretion of the 

» Ohio Documents, 35th G.A., Doc. No. 10, p. 23. 

* Ohio Documents, 36th G.A., Doc. No. 10, p. 4. 
3 O.L., XXXV, 1 16. 

* O.L., XXXVI, 49. 

* O.L., XLI, 57. 



104 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

trustees. The regulations on this subject appear to have been 
administered leniently, both in the case of the school for the blind 
and in that for the deaf and dumb, as frequent resolutions appear 
allowing exceptions in special cases. 

In 1845^ the legislature made another appeal to Congress for 
a land grant to assist in the education of the blind and the deaf and 
dumb, asking that such a grant be made in all the states where it 
had not been done; but the grant was not made, and the state was 
forced to assume full responsibility for both institutions. 

THE EDUCATION OF DEPENDENTS 

The first appropriation authorized from the state treasury of 
Ohio for educational purposes of any kind is found in the case of 
an Indian orphan girl whose mother had been shot by a citizen 
without provocation. In 1820^ three hundred and fifty dollars was 
voted to pay for her support and education for seven years. This 
was repealed the following year,^ but in 1823"* twenty-five dollars 
annually was definitely appropriated for that purpose until she 
should reach the age of twelve years. This is the only time the 
state made any financial provision for the education of dependent 
children prior to 1850. In 1806'^ in an act concerning apprentices 
and servants it was directed that in all indentures for binding or 
putting out a child as servant or apprentice there should be a clause 
that every master or mistress should at least cause such child "to 
be taught and instructed to read and write." In 1824'' this was 
extended to embrace as much arithmetic as would include the 
single rule of three, and the further provision that at the expiration 
of the term of service each minor child was to receive a new Bible 
and two suits of wearing apparel. 

This embraces all the state provisions on the subject from 1803 
to 1850, and it is interesting to note that the two laws last cited 
are the only laws passed during the period that in any way touch 
upon compulsory education, and these carry no penalties for 
failure to obey. 

' O.L., XLIII, local, 434. 
*0.L., XVni,66. 
»0.L., XIX, 144. 
" O.L., XXI, 39. 
»0.L., IV, 72. 
"O.L., XXII, 381 



DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS 105 

Orphan asylums and schools for poor children. — Orphan asylums 
were incorporated in Cincinnati in 1833,^ in Cleveland in 1837,^ 
in Columbus in 1838,'' and in Dayton in 1844.'' These four institu- 
tions were all incorporated by women, and were to be under the 
management of women, as indicated in the acts of incorporation. 
A second asylum was incorporated by a Catholic society in Cin- 
cinnati in 1843,'' and in 1845" an asylum for colored children was 
incorporated in the same city. The Stark County Orphans' 
Institute appeared in 1837,'' but its charter was revoked three 
years later because it had embarked in the banking business.* 
There were also three endowed schools incorporated for the benefit 
of poor children, one in Cincinnati in 1827,'' one in Zanesville in 
1834,*" and one in Kendal in 1826." Their purpose, however, 
was to afford instruction free to children whose parents were 
unable to pay for it, not primarily to care for the wholly dependent. 
These three schools were the Woodward Free Grammar School, 
the M'Intire Poor School, and the Charity School of Kendal. 

THE EDUCATION OF DELINQUENTS 

Education of delinquents. — No state provision was made for the 
education of delinquents prior to 1850, and but little was done 
through private or municipal effort. In 1843'^ an act was passed 
for the regulation of county jails, which directed that each prisoner 
should be supplied with a Bible, and that the sheriff should keep 
a record of the means furnished for literary, moral, and religious 
instruction. In 1845'^ the directors of the penitentiary were author- 
ized to employ some suitable person as a religious and moral 
instructor, and in the same year the city of Cincinnati was author- 
ized to erect a house of correction.'^ 

These three laws, one of them local in application, comprise 
the entire activity of the state for the moral and intellectual advance 
of delinquents prior to 1850. 

' O.L., XXXI, local, 52. « O.L., XXXVIII, local. 87. 

2 0.L., XXXV, local, 51,?. »O.L., XXV, local, 62. 

»0.L., XXXVI, local, 185. '»0.L., XXXIV, local. 514. 

* O.L., XLII, local. 172. » O.L.. XXIV, local, 36. 

''O.L.,XLI, local, 112. "'O.L., XLI, 74. 

«O.L..XLIII. local, 101. "O.L..XLIII, local, 446. 

^ O.L., XXXV, local, 201. " O.L., XLIII, local, i^i; O.L., XLV, local, 112. 



CHAPTER VI 

THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS 

In the preparation of teachers, as in other phases of educational 
activity, Ohio depended upon the sentiment and effort of individ- 
uals and communities, and did nothing through state aid or 
direction other than to legaHze through incorporation the concerted 
efforts of groups of teachers or charter institutions established by 
private initiative. As a result of the educational awakening that 
accompanied the passage of the general school law of 1838, and the 
appointment of a state superintendent, some attention was given 
by the legislature to the state's responsibility, and the state super- 
intendent was asked in the same year^ to report to the next General 
Assembly "first, upon the expediency of establishing a state univer- 
sity or universities for the education of teachers and other students; 
second, if he shall deem it expedient to establish such university 
or universities then upon the subject of the proper system therefor, 
and the proper location thereof; third, also upon the proper mode of 
supporting same, the probable expense thereof to the state, and 
such other views and information in relation to the subject generally 
as he may deem it proper to communicate." 

Mr. Lewis in his report strongly urged the necessity for the need 
of schools to train those expecting to teach ,2 but no action was 
taken by the General Assembly to found such an institution. 

It was through the activity of voluntary associations of teachers 
and friends of education that the first efforts were made to raise 
the standard of the teaching profession. As early as 1829* such 
an association had been meeting regularly in Cincinnati for the 
discussion of educational problems, and at a general convention to 
which friends of education throughout the Mississippi Valley were 
invited an association was formed called the Western College of 
Teachers. As one result of this association the first educational 

10.L..XXXVI, local, 418. 

2 Ohio Documents, 37th G.A., Part 2, Doc. 72. 

' Taylor, A Manual of the Ohio School System, p. 333. 

106 



TRAINING OF TEACHERS 107 

journal in the Northwest, The Academic Pioneer, was established 
and continued for some ten years. 

The original association was incorporated by legislative action 
February 13, 1832,^ under the name of the Western Academic 
Institute and Board of Education, and its purpose was declared 
to be the promotion of "harmony, co-operation and efficiency in 
the diffusion of elementary knowledge, and discussing such sub- 
jects as may be considered conducive to the advantage of education 
generally." This association was intended to exercise an influence 
through the Mississippi Valley, and of its four vice-presidents one 
was from Harrodsburg, Kentucky, and another from Rising Sun, 
Iowa. 

Two years later, through the leadership of many of the 
same men, an act was passed to incorporate^ "The Teachers' Insti- 
tute." The preamble and first section are of interest and show an 
advanced educational sentiment on the part of the incorporators 
and a definite attempt to meet the needs for better trained teachers, 
and illustrate the general legislative willingness to legalize educa- 
tional effort through incorporation. 

Whereas it has been reported to the General Assembly that a literary institu- 
tion devoted to the instruction of professional teachers is much wanted within 
this state, and would be of much public utility. Therefore, be it enacted, etc., 
that there shall be established and instituted in the name hereinafter directed, a 
college for the instruction of candidates for professional school teachers, and for 
the purpose of qualifying such teachers in the best manner to instruct and govern 
schools, and other seminaries of learning, and to advance the intellectual and 
moral cultivation of youth. 

Among the incorporators were many warm friends of the public 
schools. The names of Lyman Beecher, John P. Foote, Nathan 
Guilford — through whose efforts the school law of 1825 took final 
form — Robert Picket, David L. Talbott, and others appear. The 
school for teachers that these men had in mind did not materialize, 
but there were continued until 1845 regular conventions of teachers 
and friends of education, and their discussions and influence were 
instrumental in awakening educational sentiment throughout 
the state.^ 

1 O.L., XXX, local, 232. 

2 0.L.,XXXII, local, 217. 

' Taylor, A Manual of the Ohio School System, p. 334. 



108 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

In 1832^ the Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western 
Teachers' Seminary, which three years later became Marietta 
College, was incorporated. The original purpose was declared to 
be "the instruction of youth in the various branches of useful 
knowledge, and especially the education of teachers for common 
schools." 

Other incorporations were the Wayne County Ohio Teachers' 
Association in 1833,^ the Teachers' Institute at Fairmound,' the 
Meigs County High School and Teachers' Institute,* and the 
American Lyceum of Education in Cincinnati.^ 

This last institution planned to establish a common school "for 
the purpose of furnishing a model school, and one in which experi- 
ments might be made as to the best modes and means of instruction, 
with a view to advancing the interests of common school education 
throughout the state." 

In 1847® the state passed a permissive act allowing teachers in 
eleven counties of the state to incorporate teachers' institutes. 
Ten of these counties were located in the Western Reserve. This 
act allowed the county commissioners in the counties named to use 
a portion of the money derived from the surplus revenue fund for 
the support of the institutes so organized. The counties had been 
held responsible by the act distributing the surplus revenue'^ for the 
payment of 5 per cent annually for the use of common schools. Any 
amount derived over this the counties had been allowed to devote 
to the support of common schools, the promotion of internal im- 
provements, or the building of academies. They were now allowed 
in the eleven counties named to include teachers' institutes among 
the objects to which aid from this extra fund might be extended. 
The money was to be used under the direction of the school 
examiners of the county in the employment of instructors and 
lecturers, and in the purchase of a common school library for the 
use of the association. 

This act was made general for the state in 1848^ by the same 
act that permitted counties to provide for county superintendents 

1 O.L., XXXI, local, 18. 

2 O.L., XXXI, local, 193. 

3 O.L., XXXV, local, 417. 

* O.L., XXXVII, local, 257. 
s O.L., XXXVIII, local, 192. 

* O.L., XLV, 67. 

^ O.L., XXXVI, 79. 
8 O.L., XLVI, 86. 



TRAINING OF TEACHERS 109 

if they wished to do so. The following year, 1849/ the county 
commissioners were allowed to appropriate from other sources 
whatever sum was needed to bring the total annual amount for 
this purpose up to one hundred dollars, but before doing so the 
teachers petitioning for such an institute were required to present 
evidence to the commissioners that they had already raised one-half 
of the total amount needed for the support of the institute, and the 
petition had to have the signature of forty regular teachers within 
the county, and also of the county board of examiners. 

The Farmington Normal School in Trumbull County on the 
Western Reserve was incorporated in 1849^ through the efforts of 
the citizens of Farmington, who gave a site and raised by voluntary 
subscription $2,575.00 for its support. A stock company was 
formed with shares selling at twenty-five dollars each. "One 
great object" of the school was declared to be "a thorough educa- 
tion of common or elementary school teachers, of both sexes, and 
to secure a course of intellectual and moral discipline for the youth 
of the country." 

Nothing else appears in the legislation of the state prior to 1850 
that has any reference to the training of teachers. Many of the 
academies assisted in supplying the deficiency and special courses 
were often organized in them for training teachers. The state, 
however, had no direct contact with this work. Governor Hartley 
voiced a feeling that was held by many friends of education that the 
state ought to take an active part in training teachers when he said 
in his message of December 3, 1844:^ 

The subject of normal schools or seminaries for the education of teachers is 
attracting much attention in several of the states of the Union, and in other 
countries, and by the pre-eminent advantages afforded by this means for advanc- 
ing the cause of education, it commends itself to your favorable consideration. 
Departments for the education of professional teachers in Ohio and Miami 
Universities could be established under the authority of the state, and by a part 
of the means derived from the large endowments which these institutions have 
received from the government.'* 

1 O.L., XLVII. 19. 

2 0.L.,XLVII, local, 261. 

'Taylor, A Manual of the Ohio School System, p. 180. 

^ The plan proposed by Governor Bartley was the one finally followed by the state fifty-seven years 
later in establishing normal departments in these two schools. 



CHAPTER VII 

SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES 
LIBRARIES 

The first recognition of libraries in the laws of the state is found 
in the charter of the Dayton Library Society, February 21, 1805.^ 
There is plenty of evidence, however, that the early settlers estab- 
lished libraries before this, but had not sought the legal sanction 
of a state charter. Venable^ says that the first library in the 
territory northwest of the Ohio was at Belpre, near Marietta. This 
was organized in 1796, and was first known as the Putnam Family 
Library, later as the Belpre, or Belpre Farmers' Library. This 
library was owned by a joint stock company, the common method 
of procedure in the formation of later libraries and library com- 
panies. 

Another of these early ventures, much better known than the 
preceding, was the so-called 'Coon-skin Library. This was located 
at Ames, Washington County, also near Marietta. The reason 
for the name popularly given to it and the circumstances of its 
beginning are thus told by one of the founders: 

At a public meeting of the* inhabitants of Ames, called to devise means to 
improve our roads, and to consult about making one to connect the settlement 
at Sunday creek with that on Federal creek, held in the autumn of 1802, the 
intellectual wants of the neighborhood became the subject of the conversation. 
It was suggested that a library would supply what was needed, but the settlers 
had no money, and with few exceptions were in debt for their lands. Mr. Josiah 
True, of Sunday creek settlement, proposed to obtain the means by catching 
'coons, and sending their skins to Boston by Samuel Brown, Esq., who expected 
to go east in a wagon the next summer. Esquire Brown was present and assented 
to this proposition. Our young men were active hunters; the 'coon skins and 
other furs were furnished and sent to market, and the books were bought. The 
Rev. Thaddeus Harris and the Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler selected for us about 
fifty volumes of choice books, and to these additions were made from time to 
time. As the settlement increased and children grew up, readers were multiplied, 
and all could have access to the library.' 

1 O.L., III, 288. 

2 Venable, Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley, Eistorical and Biographical Sketches, p. 135. 
' Cutler, Life and Times of Epkraim Culler, p. SO. 

110 



SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES 1 1 1 

These early attempts to furnish opportunity for community 
study and improvement were followed by an increasing number of 
similar organizations during the first four decades of the nineteenth 
century. 

Atwater, writing in 1838,^ said that most of the towns in Ohio 
had reading-rooms where a traveler could read all the principal 
newspapers and periodicals, and that libraries were increasing in 
number as well as size. The record of incorporations in the session 
laws bears witness to the probable truth of his statement. One 
hundred and ninety-two library societies had been incorporated 
by 1850. The record of incorporation in the preceding decades is 
as follows: 

1805-10 6 

1811-20 15 

1821-30 45 

1831-40 95 

1841-50 31 

192 

The State Library at Columbus received regular appropriations 
from 1824^ on. In 1846'^ district school libraries were authorized, 
but their support was left wholly to the initiative of the district. 
The law authorized the district to raise by taxes a sum not to 
exceed thirty dollars for the first year, and not more than ten 
dollars for each succeeding year. The decision was left to a meeting 
of the taxpayers of the district, called for the purpose of voting on 
the question. 

LYCEUMS, INSTITUTES, ATHENAEUMS, AND LITERARY SOCIETIES 

In addition to the library societies, there were frequent incor- 
porations of lyceums, athenaeums, institutes, and literary societies, 
the total number of such incorporations being 64. These developed 
rapidly after 1830, prior to that time only three institutions of this 
type being incorporated. The record of their incorporation is as 
follows: 

* Atwater, A History of the Slate of Ohio, Natural and Civil, p. 348. 
! O.L., XXII, local, 36. 
^O.L., XLIV, 81. 



112 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

1805-30 3 

1831-40 40 

1841-50 21 

64 

These latter institutions seem designed to afford meeting- 
places for their members for discussion and opportunity for reading 
and study. The use of their funds is usually limited to the pur- 
chase of books, maps, charts, pamphlets, and newspapers. Among 
them were eight mechanics' institutes, seven of these incorporated 
after 1831. The first one of the latter was the Ohio Mechanics' 
Institute of Cincinnati in 1829,^ and its purpose was declared to 
be for "advancing the best interests of the Mechanics, Manu- 
facturers and Artizans by the more general diffusion of useful 
knowledge in these important classes in the community." 

COLLEGE SOCIETIES 

The first college literary society incorporated was the Erodel- 
phian Society of Miami University in 1831, ^ followed in the same 
year by the Philomathesian Society of Kenyon College.^ 

By 1850 twenty-three college and university societies were thus 
given sanction. Four of the number were incorporated under 
Greek-letter names. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

In addition to the various types of educational endeavor repre- 
sented in the preceding paragraphs there were also incorporated 
the following institutions, whose names indicate a wide range of 
literary and artistic interest supplementary to the regular educa- 
tional agencies: the Historical Society of Ohio, 1822;^ the Cin- 
cinnati Academy of Fine Arts, 1828;^ the Lancaster Harmonic 
Society, 1830;^ the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, 
1831;^ the Eclectic Academy of Music in Cincinnati, 1835;^ the 

» O.L., XXVII, local, 92. 

2 O.L., XXIX, local, 74. 

3 O.L., XXIX, local, 196. 

* O.L., XX, local, 47. 

* O.L., XXVI, local, 30. 

« O.L., XXVIII, local, 179. 
' O.L., XXIX, local, 122. 
«0.L., XXXIII, local, 161. 



SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES 113 

New Paris Musical Institute, 1843;i the Western Academy of 
Natural Sciences, 1836;2 the Cleveland Academy of Natural 
Sciences, 1840;-* the Cincinnati Astronomical Society, 1844;^ the 
Ohio Institute of Natural Sciences, 1849 i^ the Western Art Union, 
1848;« the Columbus Art Union, 1849.7 

' O.L., XLI, local, 174. 
2 O.L., XXXIV, local, 110. 
' O.L., XXXVIII, local, 138. 
* O.L., XLII, local, 122. 
^ O.L., XLVII, local, 256. 
« O.L., XLVI, local, 228. 
^ O.L., XLVII, local, 267. 



CHAPTER VIII 

CONCLUSION 

The two essential features of Ohio's educational policy as illus- 
trated by the legislation passed from 180v3 to 1850 are, first, the 
lack of any efficient central control of local educational activities, 
and, second, the permissive character of a large part of the legis- 
lation passed, and the lack of any compulsory features. 

The large amomit of educational legislation enacted shows that 
there was no lack of educational interest in the state, either in the 
pubhc at large or in the people's representatives in the General 
Assembly. There was a widespread belief in universal education 
and a desire for it. While there was, as elsewhere, much opposition 
to taxation and to the idea of distributive responsibility for free 
schools, the general educational sentiment was good. The laws 
themselves show in many cases excellent educational possibilities. 
The weakness of the legislation was due to the fact that the theory 
followed seemed to be that the function of educational legislation 
was to establish general rules of organization and control in accord 
with which the (onimunit ies might regulate their own educational 
activities and have legal sanction for them, but that it was not the 
function of the state to develop any legal machinery that would 
definitely bring about educational results. 

The w(jrds of Samuel Ix'wis are so significant in this connection 
that they are (luoted once more. Speaking of the law of 1838, 
far the best educational legislation of the entire period, he said: 

It gives to the people the power to do their own business whether in town- 
ships or districts as the majority may think best. The widest possible latitude 
is given for popular action: the most that the law does is to prescribe certain 
general rules within which the people can act under the sanction of the law, and 
it gives to such popular action the aid of law to effect its purpose.' 

This expresses as well as it can be done the state theory that 
vscems to underlie all the educational legislation prior to 1850. 

' Third Annual Report of the Sttperinlcndcnt of the Common Schools, made to the Thirty-eighth General 
Assembly of tlie Slate of Ohio, p. 4. 

114 



CONCLUSION US 

One result of this type of legislation was great freedom in edu- 
cational experimentation, with legislative sanction when that was 
asked for. In communities where the general school sentiment was 
high, as in Cincinnati, Cleveland, Akron, and some other towns 
and cities, this resulted in an excellent type of school system, and 
through this experimentation a legalized model was given to other 
communities throughout the state. The results were excellent for 
those communities which chose to follow the example set, and there 
were many that did so. On the other hand, there were no penalties 
in any of the legislation prior to 1850 to compel even towns and 
cities to organize schools other than those of the district type, and 
the only compulsion to organize schools of any kind was the loss 
of the community's share of the school tax if it did not do so. 

Ohio early took an advanced position on the right and desira- 
bility of taxing all property in the state for vSchool purposes. This 
principle appeared in 1825, when the commissioners of each county 
were directed to levy a half-mill for school support, and it remained 
in all subsequent laws in some form. With this principle estab- 
lished, the state did not concern itself further to compel either the 
taxation or the establishment of schools. These were matters to 
be decided by smaller local areas. The general idea seemed to be 
that self-interest and a desire to use the share of money to which 
each district was entitled would be sufficient incentive for the 
establishment of public schools in the districts throughout the 
state. The results of the next fifteen years show that this belief 
was in large part justified. Mr. Lewis estimated the number of 
district schools taught in Ohio in the year 1839^ at 13,049, and he 
based this estimate on actual reports from 5,442 districts in which 
7,295 schools were taught. The state, however, took no responsi- 
bility for seeing that the children of the district attended the school 
so established, and but a minor responsibility for the activities that 
were carried on in it. 

This lack of compelling power and lack of efficient administra- 
tive officers made the system a loose and ineffective one, under 
which the various communities continued largely to do that which 
was right in their own eyes. 

The great educational blunder of Ohio was in the abolition of 
the office of state superintendent in 1840. Although the office as 

> Third Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Common Schools, made to the Thirty-eighth General 
Assembly of the State of Ohio, p. 48. 



116 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

created in 1837 did not carry with it the possibihty of exercising 
any large legal powers, and was confined largely to the gathering of 
school statistics and the dissemination throughout the state of 
educational information concerning the laws in force and other 
matters of educational interest, it did centralize the educational 
interest of the state in one office, and had in it great possibilities of 
usefulness. The law of 1838, with the state superintendent at the 
head of the system, contained much of educational promise. It 
is not too much to say that if Mr. Lewis or a leader of equal ability 
could have continued the work begun so ably by him from 1837 to 
1840, the educational development of Ohio might have paralleled 
that in Massachusetts under the guidance of Horace Mann. The 
explanation of its failure to do so must be found in the fact that, in 
spite of much educational interest, the people as a whole were not 
ready for such leadership. Whatever the causes may have been, 
the result was to leave Ohio educationally a generation behind the 
position she might have occupied had she lived up to the full 
promise of the law of 1838. 

Nowhere is there a better illustration of the need of a cen- 
tralized administrative ofiice capable of giving to the legislature 
advice founded upon knowledge of the facts, and of administering 
the policies adopted uniformly throughout the state, than in the 
legislation concerning Ohio school lands. Educational interest, 
state economic interests — such as the question of internal improve- 
ments — local interests, and, too often, individual interests were all 
presented to the legislature, which acted in many cases upon a one- 
sided presentation of the facts. The result was a mass of confused 
facts and conflicting legislation that as it multiplied left the legisla- 
tors themselves in ignorance as to the exact law that applied in 
particular cases. Opportunities for carelessness and downright 
dishonesty in the local handling of the funds and the selling and 
leasing of the lands were afforded, and, as the records show, not 
all local officials were either careful or honest. Aside from care- 
lessness and occasional dishonesty, the conflict between the im- 
mediate interest of a neighbor and the more distant interest of the 
schools, that often confronted the local appraisers of lands, must 
have been frequently disastrous for the schools. John Brough, 
the auditor of state, said in 1840 that "anyone who would seek the 
records and gather the melancholy facts they contained would be 
convinced of the waste that had taken place." 



CONCLUSION 117 

The state had no clearly defined state-wide policy applicable in 
all instances and under all circumstances, and it lacked efficient 
machinery of government to administer carefully the policies that 
were initiated. 

It is not probable that dishonesty or wilful carelessness was the 
cause of the legislation that made great loss possible, but rather 
ignorance of conditions and a hand-to-mouth expediency to meet 
present needs. This could have been largely avoided through the 
establishment of a central office, interested primarily in preserving 
for the educational interests of the state the first state-wide grant 
made by the general government for the use of schools. 

There is little to be said in summarizing the state's attitude 
toward secondary and higher education. Ohio lacked in the 
beginning, and failed to develop during the period, any state edu- 
cational policy that embraced elementary, secondary, and higher 
education. Her interest in public education was an interest in 
public elementary education only, not in secondary or higher 
institutions. One explanation for this is doubtless found in the 
abundance of local secondary and higher institutions established 
by private initiative, and a second in the fact that the three town- 
ships granted by the government for higher education were located 
in the Ohio Company's Purchase and in the Symmes Purchase, 
and that the resulting institutions were regarded as largely local 
and only quasi-state in nature. With a lack of clearly recognized 
state institutions of college or university rank, there was no pres- 
sure from above for a system of preparatory schools under state 
control. 

Secondary education was still generally regarded as a privilege 
to be obtained by those who could afiford to pay for it, not as a 
recognized part of a free state system. Private secondary schools 
had been established in abundance. It was not surprising that the 
development of a state system of secondary schools came as a part 
of the general high-school movement that began to take on vigorous 
growth about 1850. 

The characteristic features of Ohio's educational legislation 
during her first half-century of statehood left a strong impression 
upon the state's educational policy for the next fifty years. The 
lack of any efficient centralized control, the absence of compulsory 
local supervision of any kind, an abundance of excellent permissive 
laws, which legalized advanced educational procedure without 



118 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

compelling it, the passing of lawe general in form but local in applica- 
tion, lack of any state agency for training teachers for her schools — 
these continued throughout the next half-century, from 1850 to 
1900, as marked traits of the state's educational procedure. 

It is only in very recent years that Ohio has freed herself from 
some of the most undesirable features of her early legislative inheri- 
tance and has adopted a modern, progressive, centralized state 
system of education, with state-wide supervision, that places her 
on a parity with her most advanced sister-states. 



APPENDIX A 

A CLASSIFIED COLLECTION AND ABSTRACT OF THE 

EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE 

PERIOD: 1803-50 



GENERAL LEGISLATION 

ACTS TO INCORPORATE THE ORIGINAL SURVEYED TOWNSHIPS, INCLUDING PRO- 
VISIONS FOR DISTRICTING, ESTABLISHING SCHOOLS, APPORTIONING 
MONEY, ETC. 



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IV, 66, January 2, 1806. 
VIII, 100, February 6, 1810. 
XIII, 295, December 5, 1814. 
XXIX, 490, March 14, 1831. 

GENERAL SCHOOL LAWS 

XIX, 51, January 22, 1821. An act to provide for the regulation and sup- 
port of common schools. (The first school law.) 

XX, 86, January 31, 1822. Resolution. Seven commissioners to report 
a system of common schools. 

XXIII, 36, February 5, 1825. An act to provide for the support, etc. 
XXV, 65, January 30, 1827. An act supplementary to the above. 
XXV, 78, January 30, 1827. An act to establish a fund for the support of 
common schools. 

XXVII, 73, February 10, 1829. An act to provide for the support, etc. 

XXVIII, 56, February 18, 1830. An act in addition to the act to establish 
a fund, etc. 

XXVIII, 57, January 14, 1830. An act to amend the school law. 

XXIX, 414, March 10, 1831. An act to provide for the support, etc. 

XXIX, 423, March 2, 1831. An act to establish a fund for the support 
of common schools. 

XXX, 4, December 23, 1831. An act to amend the school law. 

XXXI, 18, December 3, 1832. An amendment regulating fees of county 
treasurers for handling school funds. 

XXXI, 24, February 13, 1833. An act supplementary to the act concern- 
ing the school fund. 

XXXI, 24, February 25, 1833. An act to amend the school law. 

XXXII, 25, February 28, 1834. An act to provide for the support, etc. 
XXXIV, 19, March 12, 1836. An act to provide for the support, etc. 
XXXIV, 654, March 11, 1836. Resolution for a committee to prepare a 

school district manual. 

119 



120 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

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XXXIV, 654, March 14, 1836. Resolution nriiitsliiiK C. E. Stowc to 
.study and report on European schools. 

XXXV, 82, March 27, 1837. An act crtatinj; the office of superintendent 
of common schools. 

XXXV, 560, Ajjiil 1, 1837. Resolution ai)|)ointin^ Samuel Lewis superin- 
tendent of common schools. 

XXXV, 97, March 28, 1837. An act for the distrihution, etc., of United 
States surplus revenue. 

XXXVI, 79, March 19, 1838. An act amending the preceding act. 
XXXIX, 41, March 27, 1841. An act further to amend the preceding. 
XXXVI, 21, March 7, 1838. An act for the support, etc. 

XXXVI, 399, December 16, 1837. Resolution granting certain privileges 

to the sui)erintcndent of schools. 

XXXVl, 411, March 9, 1838. Resolution ap]K)iiUing .Samuel Lewis super- 
intendent for five years. 
XXXVI, 73, March 17, 1838. An act concerning the distribution of the 

school fund in certain districts. 

XXXVI, 85, March 19, 1838. An act levying a tax for school purposes. 
XXXVI, 90, March 19, 1838. An act regulating the fees of county auditors. 
XXXVI, 402, January 4, 1838. Resolution concerning Professor Stowe's 

report on European education. 
XXXVI, 404, January 4, 1838. Resolution thanking Professor Stowe for 

the report. 
XXXVI, 404, January 16, 1838. Resolution appropriating $500.00 for 

Professor C. K. .Stowe for his labor. 
XXXVI, 410, March 7, 1838. Resolution providing for the distribution 

of the report of the superintendent of schools and C. E. .Stowe's report. 

XXXVI, 412, March 13, 1838. Resolution asking for the amount of 
school tax levied on colored people. 

XXXVI, 415, January 16, 1838. Resolution (hat 8,500 copies of the report 
of the superintendent of schools be printed and distributed. 

XXXVII, 394, January 16, 1839. Resolution that 9,500 copies of the 
annual report of the superintendent be printed and distributed. 

XXXVII, 61, March 16, 1839. An act amending the school law and 
creating permanently the oflicc of superintendent. 

XXXVIII, 130, March 23, 1840. An act to abolish the oflice of superin- 
tendent of schools. 

XXXIX, 44, March 29, 1841. An act to amend the school law and all 
acts amendatory thereto. 

XL, 49, March 7, 1842. An act to amend the school law. 

XL, 59, March 7, 1842. An act making appropriations. Reduces the 

school appropriation to $150,000.00. 

XLI, 59, March 11, 1843. An act further to amend the school law. 
XLII, 38, March 6, 1844. An act to increase the school fund. 
XLII, 48, March 12, 1844. An act to amend (he school law. 
XLIV, 81, I-'ebruary 28, 1846. An act authorizing districts to establish 

school libraries. 



APPENDIX A 121 

O.L., XLIV, 114, March 2, 1846. An act to amend the preceding act of March 

11, 1843. 
O.L., XLV, 26, February 8, 1847. An act to amend the school law. 
O.L., XLV, 60, February 8, 1847. An act to amend the act for levying taxes. 
O.L., XLV, 67, February 8, 1847. An act to incorporate teachers' institutes. 
O.L., XLV, 32, February 8, 1847. An act to provide for the appointment of 

county superintendents. 
O.L., XLVI, 28, January 21, 1848. An act to secure the returns of school sta- 
tistics. 
O.L., XLV, local, 187, February 8, 1847. An act for the support of common 

schools in Akron. (This act made general in 1848.) 
O.L., XLVI, 40, January 28, 1848. An act to amend the preceding act. 
O.L., XLVI, 48, February 14, 1848. An act making general the Akron Act. 
O.L., XLVI, 69, February 22, 1848. An act to amend the act for levying taxes. 
O.L., XLVI, 81, February 24, 1848. An act to provide a department of common 

schools for colored persons. 
O.L., XLVI, 83, February 24, 1848. An act amending the school law. 
O.L., XLVI, 86, February 24, 1848. An act amending the act to encourage 

teachers' institutes. 
O.L., XLVII, 17, February 10, 1849. An act authorizing separate schools for 

colored children. 
O.L., XLVII, 19, February 16, 1849. An act amending the act to incorporate 

teachers' institutes. 
O.L., XLVII, 22, February 21, 1849. An act for the regulation of public schools 

in cities and towns. 
O.L., XLVII, 39, March 6, 1849. An act amending the school law. 
O.L., XLVII, 43, March 12, 1849. An act to amend the school law. 
O.L., XLVII, 45, March 15, 1849. An act to amend the Akron Act. 
O.L., XLVII, 52, March 24, 1849. An act to amend the school law. 
O.L., XLVIII, 40, March 13, 1850. An act to amend the law concerning public 

schools in cities and towns. 
O.L., XLVIII, 41, March 22, 1850. An act concerning school district taxes, etc. 
O.L., XLVIII, 44, March 22, 1850. An act for the appointment of a state board 

of public instruction. 
O.L., XLVIII, 47, March 23, 1850. An act supplementary to the preceding. 
O.L., XLVIII, 728, January 28, 1850. Resolution for the appointment of a 

committee to report on the defects of the present school system. 

SPECIAL ACTS CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS 

Special acts for the following purposes were passed during the period from 
1829 to 1850: 

Creating district or changing boundaries of districts 29 

Allowing districts to make appropriations, borrow money or tax them- 
selves for school purposes 26 

Authorizing the sale of school lots or other lots for school purposes. ... 18 
Authorizing the apportionment of school funds when the school census 

had not been made 13 

Changing the form or powers of the district organization 4 



122 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Governing the distribution of school funds in special cases 6 

Relief of individual school ofificers 2 

FINES, FEES, ETC., APPLIED TO THE SUPPORT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS 

O.L., XXVII, 11, January 28, 1829. An act to regulate grocers and retailers of 
spirituous liquors. 
Licenses, $5.00 to $50.00. Fines for operating without license, permitting 
rioting, drunkenness, gambling, etc., $10.00 to $50.00. All moneys to go 
to the schools of the county. 

O.L., XXIX, 161, February 17, 1831. An act for the prevention of immoral 
practices. 

Sabbath-breaking— Fine $1.00 to $5.00 

Selling liquor on Sunday — Not to exceed 5.00 

Disturbing religious meetings — Not to exceed 20.00 

Using profanity . 25 to 1 . 00 

Exciting disturbance in a tavern, etc .50 to 5.00 

Playing bullets, shooting, running horses in towns .50 to 5.00 

Liquor dealer keeping nine-pin alley 10.00 to 100.00 

Exhibiting a puppet show, juggling, etc 10.00 

Tearing down public notices 10.00 

Selling liquor within one mile of religious gatherings ex- 
cept by licensed dealers at place of business, etc 20.00 

Bull-baiting, bear-baiting, etc., not to exceed 100.00 

Cock-fighting — not to exceed 100.00 

Horse-racing on public road 1 . 00 to 5 . 00 

All moneys to go to the schools of the township in which 
ofTenses occur. 

O.L., XXIX, 304, March 14, 1831. An act regulating sales at auctions. 

Selling without license 500.00 

Failure to render account, not to exceed 1,000.00 

All moneys to go to State Literary Fund. 

O.L., XXIX, 313, March 14, 1831. An act for granting licenses. 

Peddling without license 20.00 to 100.00 

All moneys to go to schools of district in which the ofTense occurs. 

O.L., XXIX, 446, February 28, 1831. An act to regulate public shows. 

Exhibiting circus without permit 100.00 

Money to go to schools of the county. 

O.L., XXIX, 469, January 18, 1830. An act to protect the fur trade. 

Killing muskrats out of season 1 .00 

Money to go to schools of township. 

O.L., XXIX, 477, March 9, 1831. An act concerning the inspection of certain 
articles. 
Neglecting to have fish inspected and barrels branded. . . 5.00 

Failure to bury offal when fish are packed 5.00 to 50.00 

Inspector violating regulations 50.00 

Money to go to schools of the county. 



APPENDIX A 123 

O.L., XXXII, 20, February 27, 1834. An act to provide for the punishment of 
certain crimes. 

Medical malpractice of various kinds 100.00 to 500.00 

Money to go to schools of the county. 
O.L., XXXII, 47, March 3, 1834. An act for the inspection of salt. 

Selling or removing salt liable to inspection. Per barrel. 1.00 

Money to go to schools of the county. 
O.L., XLVI, 36, February 7, 1848. Amending the act granting licenses, etc. 
Peddler's license fees to go to state school fund. 

Fine for peddling without license 50.00 

Money to go to schools of the township. 
O.L., XLIII, 17, February 10, 1845. An act to prevent firing 
of cannon upon public streets, etc. Money to go to 

schools of the township 50 . 00 

O.L., XLIV, 10, January 17, 1846. An act to prevent gambling. 

Proprietor of gambling-house or common gambler 500.00 

Money to go to schools of the county. 
O.L., XLIV, 76, February 28, 1846. An act to protect enclosures. 

Fine not to exceed 100 . 00 

O.L., XLII, 37, March 6, 1844. An act to prevent the introduction and spread- 
ing of Canada thistles. 
Allowing to mature or selling seed containing Canada 

thistle seed 10.00 to 20.00 

Money to go to schools of the township. 
O.L., XXXII, 38, March 1, 1834. Obstructing navigation in 

the Muskingum River 50.00 

O.L., XXXVI, 68, March 17, 1838. Officer or corporation 

disregarding court orders in quo warranto procedure. . . 10,000.00 

Money to go to schools of the county. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 4, January 17, 1840. Keeping breachy or 

unruly animals . 25 to 1 . 00 

Money to go to schools of the district. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 57, January 17, 1840. Harboring intoxicated 

Indians 5.00 to 25.00 

Money to go to schools of the district. 
O.L., XXXIX, 34, March 26, 1841. Selling liquor within two 
miles of a religious society gathered in a field or wood- 
land 10.00 

Money to go to schools of the township. 

CITY AND TOWN SCHOOL CHARTEPS 

LAWS CONCERNING COMMON SCHOOLS IN CITIES AND TOWNS 

O.L., XXIII, 65, January 8, 1825. An act authorizing the township meeting 

at Marietta to vote a sum for schools. 
O.L., XXVII, 33, February 12, 1829. An act creating a school system in the 

city of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 157, March 19, 1840. Amending the preceding act. 
O.L., XLIII, 413, March 12, 1845. Supplementary. City of Cincinnati. 



124 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

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XLIV, 91, February 11, 1846. An act for the better classification of the 
common schools of Cincinnati and Dayton. 

XLV, 193, February 6, 1847. An act authorizing the City Council of 
Cincinnati to levy taxes for school purposes. 

XLVIII, 662, March 23, 1850. An act authorizing the appointment 
of a superintendent of conmion schools in Cincinnati. 

XXXIV, 226, March 3, 1836. An act incorporating the city of Ohio. Pro- 
vides for school system. 

XXXV, 32, January 7, 1837. An act incorporating the city of Toledo. 
Provides for school system. 

XXXIV, 271, March 5, 1836. An act incorporating the city of Cleveland. 
Provides for school system. 

XLVI, 150, February 18, 1848. An act for the better regulation and sup- 
port of the Cleveland schools. 

XXXVI, 329, March 16, 1838. Amending the act to incorporate the town 
of Portsmouth. School system adapted from the Cincinnati charter. 

XXXVII, 194, March 12, 1839. An act for the support and better regula- 
tion of the schools in the town of Zanesville. 

XXXIX, 22, February 20, 1841. An act to regulate schools in the town 
of Marietta. 

XXXIX, 135, March 27, 1841. An act to incorporate the city of Dayton. 
Adapts provisions of the Cleveland and Cincinnati schools. 

XLHl, 57, February 3, 1845. An act for the support and better regulation 
of schools in the city of Columbus. 

XLVH, 230, February 16, 1849. Amending the preceding. 

XLIII, 150, February 26, 1845. An act incorporating the town of 
Mt. Vernon. Provides for the control of schools. 

XLVH, 205, March 9, 1849. An act concerning taxes, schools, and sewers 
in the city of Toledo. 

XLIV, 261, March 2, 1846. An act to regulate common schools in Maumee 
City, Lucas County, and in Elyria. 

XLV, 121, February 8, 1847. An act for the support and better regulation 
of schools in District 1, in Ravenna. 

XLVI, 185, •'"ebruary 18, 1848. An act for the support and better regula- 
tion of schools in Lithopolis. 

XLVI, 199, February 19, 1848. An act for the support and better regula- 
tion of schools in Lancaster. 

XLVIII, 647, February 13, 1850. Amending the preceding. 

XLVI, 237, February 24, 1848. An act for the support and better regula- 
tion of schools in Lebanon District, Warren County. 

XLVH, 253, March 21, 1849, An act repealing the Akron Act in the 
town of New Lisbon. 

XLVIII, 648, March 22, 1850. An act to repeal the provisions of the act 
for the regulation of schools in cities and towns etc., so far as it is in force 
in the town of Hanover. 

XLVIII, 662, March 21, 1850. An act to exempt Mt. Vernon from the 
provisions of the Akron Act. 

XLVIII, 373, March 21, 1850. Amending the act to incorporate the town 
of Fulton. (Providing for schools.) 



APPENDIX A 125 

O.L., XLVIII, 421, March 19, 1850. An act incorporating the city of Piqua. 
(Providing for schools.) 

O.L., XLVIII, 446, March 21, 1850. An act to incorporate the city of Spring- 
field. (Providing for schools.) 

O.L., XLVIII, 648, March 1, 1850. An act extending the provisions of the act 
for regulation of schools in cities etc., to Union School District No. 7 in 
Springfield and Suffield Townships in Summit and Portage counties. 

O.L., XLVIII, 651, March 19, 1850. An act authorizing the citizens of Wooster 
to vote for or against the provisions of the Akron Act. 

ACTS CONCERNING LOCAL SCHOOL FUNDS 

O.L., XXVII, 22, January 5, 1829. An act establishing a fund for common 

schools in Clermont County. 
O.L., XXVII, 180, February 11, 1829. \ 

O.L., XXVIII, 56, February 2, 1830. { Acts supplementary to the preced- 
O.L., XXVIII, 57, January 14, 1830. j ing act. 

O.L., XXIX, 210, March 11, 1831. ) 

O.L., XXXII, 100, February 20, 1834; O.L., XXXVIII, 149, March 17, 1840. 

Acts establishing a common school fund in that part of Warren County 

in the Virginia Military District. 
O.L., XXVIII, 93, February 18, 1830. An act incorporating the trustees of the 

Windham School Fund. 
O.L., XXXVII, 50, February 16, 1839; O.L., XLI, 26, January 16, 1843. Acts 

supplementary to the preceding. 

ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS FOR POOR CHILDREN 

O.L., XXIV, 36, January 24, 1826. An act to incorporate the Charity School of 

Kendal, Stark County. 
O.L., XXVII, 76, February 10, 1829; O.L., XLVIII, 625, March 7, 1850. Acts 

supplementary to the preceding. 
O.L., XXV, 62, January 24, 1827. An act to incorporate the trustees of the 

Woodward Free Grammar School. 
O.L., XXXIV, 514, March 14, 1836. An act to incorporate the M'Intire Poor 

School, in Zanesvillc. 
O.L., XXXVI, 208, March 7, 1838. An act to incorporate the Emigrants 

Friends Society of Cincinnati. 

LAWS CONCERNING SCHOOL LANDS 
GENERAL LAWS CONCERNING SCHOOL LANDS 

Journals of the American Congress. 1774-88. Vol. IV, 520. May 20, 1785. 

An ordinance for ascertaining the mode of disposing of lands in the Western 

territory. 
United States Statutes at Large. Vol. I, 51. July 13, 1787. An ordinance 

for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the 

River Ohio. 



126 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Journals of the American Congress. 1774-88. Vol. IV, Appendix, 17. Powers 

to the Board of Treasury to contract for the sale of the Western territory. 
United States Statutes at Large. Vol. II, 175. April 30, 1802. Enabling Act 

for Ohio. 
Nashee's Compilation, page 161, Territorial Act. November 27, 1800. An act 

authorizing the leasing of school lands, etc., in Washington County. 
O.L., I, 61, April 15, 1803. An act to provide for the leasing of school lands. 
O.L., III, 230, February 20, 1805. An act directing the mode of leasing Section 

16. 
O.L., III, 321, April 15, 1805. An act to provide for leasing school lands. 
O.L., IV, 66, January 2, 1806. An act to incorporate the original surveyed 

townships. (Leasing school lands.) 
O.L., VI, 125, January 14, 1808. An act accepting certain lands offered by 

Congress for the use of schools in the Virginia Military Tract, in lieu of 

those heretofore appropriated. 
O.L., VII, 109, February 17, 1809. An act directing the manner in which the 

school lands in the Virginia Military Tract shall be surveyed and dis- 
posed of. 
O.L., VIII, 100, February 6, 1810. An act to incorporate the original surveyed 

townships. (Leasing school lands.) 
O.L., VIII, 254, February 16, 1810. Amending the act concerning the disposi- 
tion etc., of the school lands in the Virginia Military Tract. 
O.L., XIII, 295, December 5, 1814. An act supplementing the act to incorporate 

townships. (Leasing school lands.) 
O.L., XIV, 418, February 26, 1816. An act directing the manner of leasing the 

school lands in the Virginia Military Tract. 
O.L., XV, 202, January 27, 1817. An act to provide for leasing the school lands. 

(99-year leases.) 
O.L., XIX, 161, February 21, 1821. An act to provide for leasing school lands 

in the United States Military District. 
O.L., XX, 34, January 31, 1822. An act regulating the school lands in the 

Connecticut Western Reserve. 
O.L., XXI, a, January 27, 1823. An act to authorize the surrender of certain 

leases, etc. (School lands.) 
O.L., XXV, 56, January 29, 1827. An act to provide for the sale of Section 16. 
O.L., XXV, 103, January 19, 1827. An act to provide for obtaining the consent 

of the inhabitants of the United States Military District to the sale of 

school lands, and to authorize the surrender of leases and the receiving of 

certificates of purchase. 
O.L., XXV, 45, January 29, 1827. An act to enable the inhabitants of the Vir- 
ginia Military District to vote on the sale of school lands. 
O.L., XXVI, 23, January 28, 1828. An act to provide for the sale of the school 

lands in the Virginia Military District and to authorize the surrender of 

leases and the receiving of certificates of purchase. 
O.L., XXVI, 135, February 11, 1828. An act to enable the inhabitants of the 

Connecticut Western Reserve to give their consent to the sale of their 

school lands. 



APPENDIX A 127 

O.L., XXVI, 80, February 11, 1828. An act to provide for granting temporary- 
leases of certain school lands. 
O.L., XXVIII, 16, February 9, 1830. An act to amend the act providing for the 

sale of Section 16. 
O.L., XXVIII, 18, December 31, 1829. An act to enable the inhabitants of the 

Connecticut Western Reserve to give their consent to the sale of their 

school lands. 
O.L., XXIX, 490, March 14, 1831. An act to incorporate the original surveyed 

townships. (Management of the school lands.) 
O.L., XXIX, 187, March 3, 1831. An act making further provision for the 

sale of Section 16. 
O.L., XXXIII, 128, February 25, 1835. An act authorizing the electors in the 

several counties of the Western Reserve to give their assent to the sale 

of additional school land. 
O.L., XXXVI, 63, March 16, 1838. Amending the act to provide for the sale 

of Section 16. 
O.L., XXXVII, 78, March 18, 1839. An act for the relief of holders of leases 

on Section 16. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 62, March 21, 1840. Amending the act providing for the sale 

of school lands in the United States Military District. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 164, March 20, 1840. An act providing for the sale of three 

tracts of Moravian school lands in Tuscarawas County. 
0,L., XLI, 20, February 2, 1843. An act to regulate the sale of ministerial and 

school lands and the surrender of permanent leases, 
O.L., XLIII, 58, March 4, 1845. An act to fix the minimum price of school lands. 
O.L., XLVI, 38, February 8, 1848. An act to enable the inhabitants of the 

Western Reserve to give their consent to the sale of their school lands. 
O.L., XLVII, 232, February 17, 1849. An act to provide for the sale of the 

Western Reserve school lands. 

SPECIAL ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOL LANDS 

1803-17 

Granting permanent leases 25 

Concerning other features of leases 5 

1817-23 

Concerning leases 18 

Extending time of payment of rent 3 

1823-27 

Calling for a revaluation of land 4 

Granting one-year leases 2 

For the relief of lessees 4 

Leasing less than legal amount 1 

1827-31 

Calling for a revaluation of land 15 

For surrendering leases 15 

Authorizing sales of school lands 12 

Making special provisions for leasing 5 



128 HIS'IORY Ol' i:i)lICATI()NAI. LFCtUSLATION FN OHIO 

Distrihiitinji funds from leased lands 4 

Leasing less than lenal amount 2 

For the relief of lessees 1 

1831-38 

Providinti for sales 47 

Changing provisions for surrendering leases 17 

Postponing payments due 17 

Leasing less than legal amount 7 

Distributing funds from leased lands 6 

Sfx-eial [jrovisions in lease 3 

Concerning a revaluation of land 5 

1838-45 

Concerning the surrender of leases 21 

Postponing payments 14 

Acts legalizing sales 13 

Special provisions for leasing 11 

Sixty-four of the acts of this period included a minimum price ranging from 
(wo to thirty dollars per acre. The minimum price that appears most frequently 
is five <loIlars per acre, this appearing in forty-six of the sixty-four cases. This 
fixing of a minimum price occurs in these cases before any general act has been 
passed placing a minimum price on school lands. 

1845-50 

Authorizing sales of land, apjiroximately 100 

Surr(;ndering leases 8 

ICxtending time of payment 7 

Leasing 2 

In addition to the special acts classified above, there are a comparatively 
small number of miscellaneous acts concerning school lands that do not lend 
themselves easily to classification, and which are of very minor importance. The 
total number of special acts passed concerning school lands during this period 
is approximately 500. 

Si:(()NI)AU\' AND IIK.IIICR ICI )lI(;A'n()N 

ACTS INC{)R1'()I<ATIN(; SI':(()NI)AR Y I NS'lirtlTIONS 
Acts incor|)oiating academies, seminaries, institutes, high schools, etc. 
1 Ik- acts incorporating tlu-se institutions are not given in full. Only the date 
of incorporation and the main points are indicated. These facts will indicate 
the incorporators, the control of the institution, the body supporting it, the 
property limitations, the curriculum and purpose, and the limitations placed 
upon the body by the act of incor])()ration. These provisions are not all indicated 
in the case of each act, but the jjoints that appear arc shown. 
O.L., I, 117, April U), 1803. The ICrie Literary Society; David Hudson and 

twelve others; board of trustees of ten to fifteen members; to support a 

seminary of learning, either a college or an academy. 
O.L., Vi, 17, I'Vbruary 15, 1808. The Dayton Academy; James Walsh and 

seven others; stock company, shares five dollars each; nine trustees; 

annual income not to exceed three thousand dollars. 



APPENDIX A 129 

O.L., VI, 51, February 20, 1808. The Worthington Academy; James Kilburne 
and six others; seven trustees; stock company, shares five dollars each; 
annual income not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., VI, 156, February 18, 1808. Chillicothe Academy; Robert Wilson and 
eight others; seven to eleven trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars; 
annual income not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., VIH, 20, January 2, 1810. The New Lisbon Academy; Clement Vallan- 
digham and eleven others; twelve trustees; stock company, shares five 
dollars; annual income not to exceed three thousand dollars; to erect 
and keep in repair a house for an academy, and such other academical 
purposes as they shall deem mo.st conducive to the interest of said cor- 
poration. 

O.L., IX, 39, January 26, 1811. An academy at .Steubenville; Lyman Potter 
and fifteen others, twelve trustees; stock company, shares five dollars; 
annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars. 

O.L., IX, 57, January 29, 1811. Gallia Academy in (iallipolis; Claude R. Mena- 
ger and fifty-nine others; seven trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars 
each; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; to use the funds 
in that way most beneficial for the encouragement of literature, and to 
set apart a fund for the education of orphans and poor children. 

O.L., XIII, 132, February 4, 1815. The Cincinnati Lancaster Seminary; William 
Lytle and nineteen others; seven directors; annual income not to exceed 
ten thousand dollars; no part of said funds shall be applied for the purpose 
of banking; no political, religious, moral or literary association sliall have 
ascendancy in the directory, and no religious tenets peculiar to any 
Christian sect shall ever be introduced into the seminary. 

O.L., XIV, 217, F"ebruary 13, 1816. Montgomery Academy, HamilLon County; 
Daniel Ilayden and six others; seven trustees; stock company, shares 
five dollars each; annual income not to exceed one thousand dollars. 

O.L., XIV, 440, February 27, 1816. Tallmadge Academy, Portage County; 
Elizur Wright and twenty-five others; seven to eleven trustees; stock 
company, shares ten dollars each; annual income not to exceed three 
thousand dollars; no funds shall be applied to banking. 

O.L., XV, 107, January 24, 1817. An act to provide for the incorporation of 
schools and library companies. This act provides that any association 
of six or more persons may, for the purpose of establishing a school and 
building a schoolhouse, or for the purpose of establishing a library, submit 
their articles of association to the president of the Court of Common 
Pleas and if he approve and indorse same, submit it to two judges of the 
.Supreme Court. If they in like manner approve and indorse the articles 
of association, they shall be recorded and deposited with the county 
recorder, and the incorporators shall have the usual corporate powers. 

O.L., XVI, 109, January 29, 1818. The Florence Academy of Arts and .Science, 
Huron County; Luther Havriss and nine others; annual income not to 
exceed two thousand dollars; no part of stock to be used for banking or 
other purposes. 

O.L., XVII, 97, February 1, 1819. Cadiz Academy, Harrison County; John Rea 
and eleven others; twelve trustees; stock company, shares five dollars 



130 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

each; annual income not to exceed three thousand dollars; no part of 
funds to be used for banking. 

O.L., XVII, 186, February 6, 1819. Union Academy, Muskingum County; 
Andrew Howell and ten others; nine trustees; stock company, shares five 
dollars each; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; no funds 
to be used in banking. 

O.L., XVIII, local, 85, February 23, 1820. Lancaster Academy; P. Beecher 
and six others; seven trustees; stock company; annual income not to 
exceed two thousand dollars; trustees shall have power "of directing what 
branches of literature and the arts and sciences shall be taught." 

O.L., XX, local, 11, January 1, 1822. The Academy of Alma, New Athens, 
Harrison County; Joseph Anderson and eleven others; said corporation 
shall not deal in exchange, discount notes or follow any commercial busi- 
ness or pursuit; no religious doctrines peculiar "to any one sect of Chris- 
tians shall be inculcated by any professor of said academy." 

O.L., XX, local, 27, January 30, 1822. The Urbana Academy; John Reynolds 
and six others; seven trustees; stock company; annual income not to 
exceed two thousand dollars; no religious tenets peculiar to any Christian 
sect to be taught. 

O.L., XX, local, 30, January 31, 1822. Rutland Academy, Meigs County; Abel 
Larkin and four others; seven trustees; stock company, shares five dollars. 

O.L., XXII, local, 14, January 22, 1824. Franklin Academy, Mansfield; Ebon 
P. Sturges and fourteen others; fifteen trustees; stock company, shares 
five dollars; no religious tenets peculiar to any one sect of Christians shall 
be taught or inculcated in said academy. 

O.L., XXII, 72, February 21, 1824. Norwalk Academy, Huron County; Timothy 
Baker and four others; seven trustees; stock company; annual income 
not to exceed two thousand dollars; trustees shall direct "what branches 
of literature and of the arts and sciences shall be taught." 

O.L., XXXII, local, 85, February 17, 1834. Norwalk Academy changed to 
Norwalk Seminary; trustees to be appointed by the Ohio Annual Con- 
ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; no teacher shall be allowed to 
teach any student the peculiar tenets of any sect or religious denomination 
without the consent of the parents or guardian. 

O.L., XXII, local, 104, February 24, 1824. Belmont Academy, St. Clairsville, 
Belmont County; James Caldwell and four others; five trustees; stock 
company, shares five dollars each. 

O.L., XXIII, local, 18, December 22, 1824. Circleville Academy; Andrew 
Houston and six others; seven trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars 
each; trustees shall determine what branches of literature and the arts and 
sciences shall be taught. 

O.L., XXV, local, 96, January 23, 1827. Academy of Perry County. 

O.L., XXVI, local, 167, January 24, 1828. The Nelson Academy; Jeremiah H. 
Fuller and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, capital stock not 
to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars; board "to direct what branches 
of literature shall be taught." 

O.L., XXVII, local, 152, February 9, 1829. Hillsborough Academy, Highland 
County; William Keys and six others; board of seven trustees; stock 
company, shares five dollars each. 



APPENDIX A 131 

O.L., XXVIII, local, 116, February 22, 1830. The High School of Elyria, Lorain 
County; Heman Ely and four others; no part of the funds shall be applied 
to any other object than the support of the high school. 

O.L., XXIX, local, 43, January 15, 1831. The Woodward High School, Cin- 
cinnati; five trustees; endowment; to educate such children as have no 
parents living within the limits of said city; the benefits of this trust shall 
not be confined to any religious sect or sects, but shall be open to all 
children coming within the provisions of this act, whatever may be or 
whatever may have been the religious creed of their parents. 
Amended, January 7, 1836, O.L., XXXIV, local, 27. 
Sec. 1. Enabling the trustees to establish a college department to be 
called "The Woodward College of Cincinnati." 

Sec. 2. Granting power to confer all such degrees as are usually con- 
ferred in colleges and universities, provided that they shall not establish 
a medical, law or theological department. 

O.L., XXIX, local, 100, F"ebruary 9, 1831. The Columbus Female Academy; 
James Hoge and four others; three to five trustees; stock company, shares 
of one hundred dollars each; annual income not to exceed three thousand 
dollars; to be employed only for literary purposes. 

O.L., XXIX, local, 137, February 22, 1831. The Ashtabula Institution of 
Science and Industry; Giles Cowles and nine others. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 79, February 17, 1835. Amended. 
Changing name to the "Grand River Institute." 

O.L., XXIX, local, 139, February 22, 1831. Delaware Academy; Ezra Griswold 
and eight others; nine trustees; income not to exceed five thousand dollars; 
no part of such property to be applied to any banking or commercial 
purposes. 

O.L., XXX, local, 30, January 19, 1832. Kinsman Academy, Trumbull County; 
Isaac Mcllvaine and ten others; property not to exceed ten thousand 
dollars. 

O.L., XXX, local, 47, January 25, 1832. Canton Academy; William Christmas 
and nine others; seven trustees; annual income not to exceed five thousand 
dollars; no part to be applied to banking, nor other than purposes that 
are purely literary; to manage the academy buildings hereafter erected 
on the public-school ground of said town of Canton for the purpose of this 
corporation, and the general interest of education. 

O.L., XXXI, local, 133, February 19, 1833. Repealed. 

O.L., XXX, local, 62, January 26, 1832. Farmington Academy, Trumbull 
County; Theodore Wolcott and four others; annual income not to exceed 
two thousand dollars; no part of property to be used for other than literary 
purposes. 

O.L., XXX, local. 111, February 6, 1832. Ashtabula Academy, Ashtabula 
County; Mathew Hubbard and seven others; three to five trustees; stock 
company, shares twenty-five dollars each; income not to exceed three 
thousand dollars; property shall only be employed for literary purposes. 

O.L., XXX, local, 141, February 7, 1832. Huron Institute; Ebenezer Andrews 
and nineteen others; twenty trustees; to afford instruction to the youth 
of both sexes in the higher branches of an English education the learned 



132 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

languages, and the liberal arts and sciences, and the trustees as their 
ability shall increase may erect a separate or additional departments 
for the pursuit of these and any other branches of a polite and liberal 
education, and may provide the requisite means for the employment of 
the students in manual labor such portion of their time as their health and 
other circumstances may require. 

O.L., XXXI, 188, local, February 21, 1833. The Chillicothe Female Seminary; 
John Woodbridge and five others of Ross County; five trustees; annual 
income not to exceed two thousand dollars; property and funds shall be 
converted to no other use than the promotion of female education. 

O.L., XXXII, local, 177, February 25, 1834. The Ravenna Academy; Darius 
Lemon and six others; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXII, local, 223, February 7, 1834. Union Academy, Wayne County; 
James Snodgrass and nine others. 

O.L., XXXII, local, 234, February 28, 1834. Vinton Academy, Gallia County; 
Samuel W. Holcomb and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, 
shares five dollars each. 

O.L., XXXII, local, 270, March 1, 1834. The Springfield High School, Clark 
County; nine trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars each; property 
not to exceed ten thousand dollars; "said high school shall afford instruc- 
tion to the youths of both sexes in the higher branches of an English educa- 
tion, or learned languages, or liberal arts and sciences, and such other 
branches of a polite and liberal education as may be prescribed by the 
trustees"; funds shall never be appropriated for any other purpose than 
that for which they were given. 

O.L., XL, local, 114, March 7, 1842. Ohio Conference High School. The 
Springfield High School passes to the control of the Ohio Annual Confer- 
ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church; nineteen trustees, trustees to 
be appointed by the Ohio Annual Conference of the M. E. Church, 
property not to exceed five thousand dollars. 
O.L., XXXII, local, 333, March 3, 1834. The Female Academy of Mt. Vernon; 
Hosmer Curtis and nine others; annual income not to exceed five thousand 
dollars; funds to be used exclusively for the purposes of education in 
literature and the arts and sciences; no part of the funds to be employed 
for banking purposes in any way whatever. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 5, December 17, 1834. Stephen Strong's Manual Labor 
Seminary, Meigs County; seven trustees; instruction of youth in the 
various branches of useful knowledge; the rules and regulations concern- 
ing the admission of scholars shall give no preference on account of religious 
tenets or any cause, except good moral character and promise of future 
usefulness; that no religious tenets peculiar to any sect of Christians shall 
ever be taught or inculcated in the seminary, provided that nothing in 
the foregoing shall be so construed as to prevent a course or moral and 
religious instruction such as is consistent with the Christian religion, 
except such as is calculated to support sectarianism. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 21, January 22, 1835. The Richmond Classical Institute, 
Richmond, Jefferson County; Thomas George and twelve others; thirteen 



APPENDIX A 133 

trustees; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; property 
and funds shall be used for no purpose other than that of education. 

O.L., XLVI, local, 7, December 28, 1847. Changing the name of the Richmond 
Classical Institute to Richmond College. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 48, February 12, 1835. Kingsville High School, Ashtabula 
County; stock company, shares ten dollars each; said property shall be 
applied to no other use than the establishment and maintenance of said 
school and the promotion of literature and sciences. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 51, February 14, 1835. Conneaut Academy; Ashbel Dart 
and six others; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 87, February 19, 1835. The Windham Academy; Hiram 
Messenger and six others; income not to exceed two thousand dollars 
annually. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 87, February 19, 1835. The Granville Female Seminary; 
Henry Carr and eleven others; annual income not to exceed two thousand 
dollars; for aiding and promoting literary and scientific purposes, and 
for the construction or purchase of buildings for said seminary. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 112, February 23, 1835. Fellenburgh Institute, Brunswick, 
Medina County; John Berdan and ten others; funds shall be applied to 
the endowment, support and maintenance of a seminary of learning. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 153, February 27, 1835. The Western P'emale Seminary, 
Mansfield; Elizur Hedges and eight others; property not to exceed five 
thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 190, March 5, 1835. The Wadsworth Academy; William 
Eyles and four others; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 199, March 5, 1835. The Academic Institution of Rich- 
field, Medina County; Secretary Rawson and four others; property not 
to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 305, March 7, 1835. The Hamilton and Rossville Female 
Academy; John Woods and eight others; five directors; stock company, 
shares ten dollars each; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; 
directors have power to "direct what branches of literature and of the 
arts and sciences shall be taught; no part of the funds shall be used for 
banking." 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 321, March 7, 1835. The Circleville Female Seminary; 
Guy W. Doan and seven others. 

O.L., XXXIII, local, 328, March 7, 1835. Bishop's Fraternal Calvanistic [sic] 
Baptist Seminary; Samuel G. Bishop and five others; property not to 
exceed twenty thousand dollars; that students may pay any part or all 
of their board and tuition in cultivating said land (one hundred acres) 
at a fair reward for their labor, as it is given for that expressed purpose 
and no other, and if circumstances shall require, may erect shops thereon 
and furnish materials for mechanics for the same purpose; also furnish 
places for female labor — sewing, braiding, and all such other kinds of labor 
as may be deemed expedient; no one shall be eligible for the office of trustee 
or president to superintend the instruction of said seminary unless he is a 
member of the Calvanistic or Regular Baptist Denomination, so called; 
nothing in this act shall be so construed to authorize the establishment 



134 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

of a school for the practice of medicine; "other teachers and students 
may be received without regard to their religious tenets provided they are 
of a moral character, and be treated according to their merit." 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 6, December 30, 1835. The Universal School of Massillon; 
Alexander McCully and four others; funds shall not be applied for any 
other than literary or scientific purposes. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 190, February 29, 1836. The Putnam Classical Institute; 
William H. Beecher and five others. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 242, March 4, 1836. The Seneca County Academy; 
Samuel Waggoner and six others; annual income not to exceed two thou- 
sand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 242, March 4, 1836. The Madison Liberal Institute; 
Ebene/.er Ward and four others; annual income not to exceed $2,000.00. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 386, March 11, 1836. Wooster Academy; David Robinson 
and eight others; capital stock not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars; 
stock company, shares five dollars; nine trustees; trustees have power "to 
direct what branches of literature and the arts and sciences shall be 
taught"; no part of funds shall ever be applied for banking purposes. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 408, March 12, 1836. Shaw Academy, Cuyahoga County; 
ClifTord Belden and sixty-nine others; nine trustees; endowment and 
stock company, shares ten dollars each; property not to exceed twenty 
thousand dollars, annual income not to exceed two thousand dollars; 
"to afford greater facilities for the instruction of youth in literature and 
sciences, and for the inculcating of good morals on Christian principles." 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 458, March 14, 1836. The Academy of Sylvania, Lucas 
County; William Wilson and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, 
shares five dollars each; stock not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars; 
trustees may "direct what branches of literature and the arts and sciences 
shall be taught." 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 460, March 14, 1836. Granville Academy; Jacob Little 
and ten others; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; funds 
shall never be used for banking purposes. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 514, March 14, 1836. Sharon Academy, Medina County; 
Thomas Briggs and five others; property not to exceed five thousand 
dollars; proceeds shall be applied to the support of a school and to no other 
purpose whatever. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 545, March 14, 1836. Medina Academy; U. H. Peak and 
thirty-one others; stock company, annual income not to exceed two thou- 
sand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 547, March 14, 1836. The Clevcs Independent School, 
Hamilton County; "whereas the law regulating common schools does not 
sufficiently provide for schools such as would suit the wishes and circum- 
stances of the people in every section of the state, and that the citizens of 
the village of Cleves and vicinity may have a school where the difTerent 
branches of education may be taught such as has been contemplated by 
the provisions of the general school law"; Stephen Wood and four others; 
three trustees, a treasurer and secretary. 



APPENDIX A 135 

O.L., XXXV, local, 20, December 30, 1836. Middleburg High School, Portage 
County; D. McNaughton and four others; five trustees; stock company, 
shares twenty-five dollars each; annual income not to exceed two thousand 
dollars; property not to exceed thirty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 133, March 3, 1837. Warren Academy, Trumbull County; 
David Todd with eighteen others; nine trustees; stock company, shares 
fifty dollars each; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; 
funds to be used only for education; a seminary of learning for the instruc- 
tion of young persons of either sex in science and literature. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 139, March 7, 1837. Sheffield Manual Labor Institute; 
Robbins Burrell with seven others of Lorain County; labor, arts and 
sciences; no part of funds shall be used for banking purposes. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 185, March 10, 1837. The Neville Institute, Columbiana 
County; Alexander Young and eight others; six trustees to be appointed 
by the legislature; endowment; annual income not to exceed two thousand 
dollars. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 193, March 13, 1837. New Hagerstown Academy, Carroll 
County; Richard Brown and thirteen others; annual income not to exceed 
two thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 230, March 14, 1837. Berea Seminary, Cuyahoga County; 
James Giltruth and eleven others; twelve trustees; stock company; 
"literary and manual labor departments." 

O.L., XXXV, local, 262, March 16, 1837. The Philomathean Literary Institute, 
Antrim, Guernsey County; annual income not to exceed ten thousand 
dollars. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 308, March 16, 1839. Changing the name of The Philo- 
mathean Literary Institute to Madison College. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 342, March 27, 1837. Monroe Seminary, Monroe County; 
William Mason and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, shares 
ten dollars each; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars; "That 
it shall be the primary object of this institution to cultivate the intellectual 
and moral faculties of the youth who may resort to it for instruction, to 
teach them the art of self-government, and fit them by a judicious course 
of moral discipline for future usefulness and happiness; provided that no 
peculiar tenets of any religious sect shall ever be taught in such institution 
nor shall any denomination of Christians be excluded." 

O.L., XXXV, 380, local, March 31, 1837. Troy Academy, Miami County; nine 
trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars; annual income not to 
exceed five thousand dollars; instruction of young persons of either sex 
in science and literature; funds to be used for no other purpose than edu- 
cation. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 406, April 1, 1837. New Philadelphia Academy, Tuscarawas 
County; Joshua Simons and ten others; three to five trustees; stock com- 
pany, shares twenty dollars each; annual income not to exceed three 
thousand dollars; funds to be employed for literary purposes. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 425, April 3, 1837. Massillon Academy, Alexander McCulley 
and eight others. 



136 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXXV, local, 511, April 3, 1837. The Cleveland Female Seminary; Henry 
Sexton and four others; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; 
trustees have power to assign professors and teachers "in the several 
departments of arts, science and literature." 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 52, February 8, 1838. The Akron High School, Portage 
County; Simon Perkins and six others; seven trustees; stock company, 
shares twenty dollars each; property not to exceed twenty thousand 
dollars; "it shall be the primary object of this institution to cultivate and 
strengthen the intellectual and moral faculties of the youth who may 
resort to it for instruction"; no peculiar tenets of religion shall be taught 
nor any denomination of Christians be excluded. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 98, February 19, 1838. Cambridge Academy, Guernsey 
County; James Blackett and seven others; annual income not to exceed 
two thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 98, February 19, 1838. Massillon Female Seminary, Stark 
County; O. N. Sage and ten others; stock company, shares fifty dollars 
each; "moral, physical and intellectual improvement and education of 
young females." 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 157, March 2, 1838. The Western Reserve Wesleyan 
Seminary; Isaac Winnans and twelve others; establishing and maintaining 
a seminary of learning in the town of Streetsborough. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 159, March 2, 1838. The Edinburgh Academy; Ira Eddy 
and ten others; establish an academy in the township of Edinburgh, 
Portage County. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 190, March 5, 1838. Wayne Academy; Ely B. Smith and 
fciU eight others; nine directors; with power to increase to fifteen. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 210, March 9, 1838. Norwalk Female Seminary; Picket 
Latimer and nine others; nine trustees; stock company, capital stock 
twelve hundred dollars with privilege to increase to twenty thousand 
dollars, shares twenty dollars each; annual income not to exceed four 
thousand dollars; educating females only. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 223, March 10, 1838. Chester Academy, Geauga County; 
Austin Turner and four others. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 231, March 10, 1838. Eaton Academy, Preble County; 
five trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars; annual income not 
to exceed five thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 235, March 10, 1838. Sandusky Academy, Huron County; 
Samuel B. Caldwell and twelve others; nine trustees, stock company, 
shares twenty dollars; capital stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; 
funds to be used only for education. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 287, March 14, 1838. Union Academy, Union County; 
Reuben P. Mann and ten others; eleven trustees; stock company, shares 
ten dollars; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; stock shall 
not be applied to banking purposes. 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 317, March 15, 1838. Dover Academy, Tuscarawas 
County; Wright Warner and ten others; annual income not to exceed six 
thousand dollars; funds to be used only for purposes of education. 



APPENDIX A 137 

O.L., XXXVI, local, 362, March 16, 1838. Marion Academy, Marion County; 
Sanford F. Bennett and nine others; nine trustees; stock company, shares 
ten dollars; stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 49, March 7, 1839. "An act to regulate incorporated 
Literary Societies." 

Sec. 1. "That all associations for literary purposes, except common 
schools, colleges and universities, which the General Assembly may here- 
after incorporate, shall be regulated as follows." The persons named in 
the act of incorporation, their associates, etc., by their corporate names 
may have succession for thirty years. Usual corporate powers, etc. 

Sec. 2. The capital stock and property of academies shall not exceed 
$40,000.00; that of libraries, lyceums and other literary associations, shall 
not exceed $5,000.00, unless extended in their respective acts of incor- 
poration, and no part of funds shall ever be used for banking, nor shall 
such institutions issue certificates of deposit or drafts, which can in any 
manner be used as a circulating medium. 

Sec. 3. Directors or trustees shall be held individually liable for all 
debts of their respective associations. 

Sec. 4. Any future legislature may alter or amend any act of incor- 
poration granted under this act when the public good requires such 
alteration. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 6, January 5, 1839. Bigelow High School, Xenia; William 
Ellsberry and seventeen others; board of directors of eighteen members 
and the Ohio Annual Conference of the M. E. Church may appoint a 
visiting committee of three, who shall for the time being be members of 
the board; property not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; to afford instruc- 
tion in the common branches of a liberal education, and in the liberal 
arts and sciences; sectarian views of religion shall not be inculcated. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 30, February 1, 1839. The Martinsburg Academy, Knox 
County; William Mitchell and eight others. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 43, February 9, 1839. Blendon Young Men's Seminary; 
Mathew Westervelt and eleven others; vacancies in the board to be filled 
by the Methodist Annual Ohio Conference; partially by endowment; 
capital stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 44, February 13, 1839. Ashland Academy, Richland 
County; John P. Reznor and eight others; three trustees; stock company, 
shares ten dollars each; stock not to exceed thirty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 79, February 26, 1839. Western Reserve Teachers' 
Seminary; Timothy Rockwell and ten others; twelve trustees; property 
not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; education of youth and preparation 
of teachers; trustees shall issue no circulating medium and shall be indi- 
vidually liable for debts. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 80, February 27, 1839. Oxford Female Academy; John 
W. Scott and six others; seven trustees; property not to exceed ten thou- 
sand dollars; education of females in the town of Oxford. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 109, March 5, 1839. Asbury Seminary, Chagrin Falls; 
John K. Halleck and twenty-nine others. 



138 IIIS'lOkY f)l'' ICDUCATIONAI. LlXilSLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 141, March 9, 1839. Worthington Female Seminary; 
William Bishop and ten others; stock company, shares twenty-five dollars; 
controlled partially by the M. E. Church, and partially local. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 155, March 9, 1839. The Universalist Institute, Ohio 
City; Richard Lord and eij^ht others; a board of trustees; stock company, 
shares live dollars; no rules of a sectarian character either in religion or 
politics siiall be a(l()i)li'd. 

O.I.., XX.XVII, local, 156, March 9, 1839. Parkinau Academy, CeauKa County; 
j. r. Converse and six others. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 172, March 12, 1839. The Harnesville Male Academy, 
IJelmont County; Lsaac Hoover and twelve others; thirteen trustees; 
stock company, shares ten dollars; cajjital stock not to exceed twenty 
thousand dollars; property to be used oidy for education; to cultivate 
and I tain the intellectual faculties of the youth who may resort to it for 
instruction, and rigorously to discountenance the inculcation of the peculiar 
tenets of any Christian sect or denomination. 

O.I... .XXXVII, local, 222, March 13, 1839. The Brooklyn Centre Academy; 
Joseph Wcller and fifteen others; annual income not to exceed three thou- 
sand dollars. 

O.L,, XXXVII, local, 254, March 16, 1830. Auglaize .Seminary, Wapakoneta; 
William .Slockdale and twelve others; property not to exceed fifty thousand 
dollars; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars. 

O.I.., XXXVII, local, 255, March 16, 1839. Lithopolis Academy; Samuel L. 
Wilson and twelve others; piopeity not to i-xceed ten thousand dollars; 
no part to be used for banking. 

O.I.., XXXVII. local, 257, March 1(). 1S3<). Meigs County High School and 
'IV-acluTs' Institute; .Sanuiel llalliday and seventeen others; twenty 
trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars; annual income not to exceed 
five thousand dollars; "to afTord great facilities for the instruction of 
youth in literature and science, and for the inculcating of good morals"; 
incorporation shall in no wise engage in the business of banking. 

O.I.., XXXVII, local, 262, March 16, \H.V). Mount Pleasant Boarding School; 
John Benjamin lloyle and three others; thirteen directors appointed by 
the l''rieiuls of Oliio; annual income not to exceed five thou.sand dollars. 

O.I... XXXVII, local, 282, March 16, 1839. Cuyahoga Falls Institute; Boswell 
Brooks and foiu' others; property shall be devoted to the purposes of 
education. 

O.L., XXXVII, local, 291, March 16, 1839. Raviima T'cmale .Seminary; board 
of twelve trustees; property not to exceed tilty thousand dollars; to alTord 
instruction in the arts and sciences. 

O.I.., XXXVII, local, .U4, March 16, 1839. New llagerstown l-Vmale Seminary; 
Richard Brown aiul eight others; seven trustees; capital stock not to 
exceed ivu thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVII I, local, 29, January 29, 1840. Bascom Seminary of Waynes- 
burgh; Daniel Schaelfer and seven others; stock company, shares twenty- 
five dollars each; capital stock ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXVI II, local, 127, March 12, 1840. Greenfield Institute, Huron 



APPENDIX A 139 

County; Jonas C'liilds and five others; proinolin^j and encouraging edu- 
cation. 
O.L., XXXVIII, local, 127, March 12, 1840. Streetshoroush High School; 

John E. Jackson and ten others; stock company, shares five dollars each; 

promoting and encouragiuK education; ca|)ital stock not to exceed five 

thousand dollars. 
O.L., XXXVIII, local, 155, March 17, 1840. WilIougiil)y Female Academy; 

Jonathan Lapliam and five others; annual income not to exceed five 

thousand dollars. 
O.L., XXXVllI, local, 155, March 17, 1840. Protestant Methodist Academy 

of Brighton; Joseph Williams and five others; funds shall be exclusively 

applied to the education of literature and the arts and sciences. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 51, March 20, 1841; Edinburgh Academy, Wayne County; 

John Andrews and seven others. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 62, March 20, 1841. Burlington Academy, Lawrence 

County; ICIijah Fram[)t()n and thirteen others. 
O.L., XXXIX, local. 65, March 20, 1841. Athens I'Cmale Academy; K (.. Car- 
penter and nine others; act to become null and void if t lie c()iii|)any do not 

organize within five years. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 125, March 27, 1841. Canton Male Seminary, Stark 

County; William l'\jglc and eight others; seven trustees, three to be elected 

by the Evangelical Congregation. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 134, March 27, 1841. Middletown Academy and Library 

Association, Butler County; Francis J. Titus and four others. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, LS4, March 27, 1841. C.uslavus Academy, Trumbull 

County; Philo Cates and eight others; act shall be null and void if the 

academy fails to organize within five years. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 134, March 27, 1841. Kinsman Academy, TriirMbuII 

County; John Kinsman and eight others. 
O.L., XL, local, 86, March 5, 1842. Pine Grove Academy in Porter; .Steijhan 

Sinon and four others. 
O.L., XL, local, 116, March 7, 1842. Canaan Union Academy; Jon.is Nolestone 

and four others. 
O.L., XL, local, 117, March 7, 1842. Tallmadge Academical Institute, Summit 

County; Asaph Whittlesey and seven others; presidt-nt and six directors; 

stock company, shares five dollars each, property not to exceed ten thou- 
sand dollars; instruction in the higher branches of education of males or 

females or both. 
O.L., XL, local, 119, March 7, 1842. Bath High .School, Summit County. 
O.L., XLI, local, 14, January 11, 1843. New Lisbon Academy, ((^lumbiana 

County; Fisher A. Blocksom and fourteen others. 
O.L., XLI, local, 46, January 25, 1843. .St. Mary's Female ICducational Institute 

of Cincinnati; Ilortcnse Monseau and five other woriicn. 
O.L., XLI, local, 62, I-ebruary 9, 1843. Maumee City Academy, Lucas County; 

John I'".. Hunt and nine; others. 
O.L., XLI, local, 127, March 7, 1843. Lebanon Academy, Warren Comity; 
Daniel Vorhees and four others; five trustees; stock company, shares ten 
dollars; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars; "maintenance of an 



140 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

academy for instruction in the various branches of education of males 
and females." 

O.L., XLI, local, 148, March 10,1843. Oakland Female Seminary of Hillsborough; 
Joseph J. Mathews and ten others; nine trustees; stock company, shares 
ten dollars; annual income not to exceed two thousand dollars; stock not 
to exceed six thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLII, local, 80, February 9, 1844. Lebanon Academy; J. Martin Williams, 
Thomas Corwin and six others; twelve trustees; stock company, shares 
twenty dollars; property not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; no funds 
to be used in banking; "to educate males and females in the higher branches 
of learning than are usually taught in the common schools of the county, 
and to instruct them in the elements of morality andiche great truths of 
the Christian religion"; the particular tenets or creed of any particular 
sect shall never be taught. 

O.L., XLII, local, 107, February 26, 1844. West Lodi Academy, Seneca County; 
John Carey and nine others. 

O.L., XLII, local, 115, March 4, 1844. Franklin Academy, Portage County; 
Thomas Earl and twelve others; buildings not to exceed ten thousand 
dollars; "to establish an academy and to promote and afford therein, both 
to males and females, instruction in the usual branches of a sound, practical 
and liberal education, and in the languages, arts and sciences." 

O.L., XLII, local, 178, March 12, 1844. Salem Academy, Ross County; Hugh 
S. Fullerton and four others. 

O.L., XLII, local, 184, March 12, 1844. Lorain Institute; Robert Cochran and 
six others; board of trustees; to afford instruction in literature, arts and 
sciences. 

O.L., XLII, local, 191, March 12, 1844. Waynesville Academy, Warren County; 
Burrcll Goode and eleven others; to establish an academy and promote 
and afford therein, both to males and females, instruction in the usual 
branches of a sound, practical and liberal education, and in the languages, 
arts and sciences. 

O.L., XLII, local, 210, March 12, 1844. Keene Academy, Coshocton County; 
Robert Farewell and four others; to estal)lish an academy and to promote 
and afford therein, both to male and females, instruction in the usual 
branches of a sound, practical and liberal education, and in the languages, 
arts and sciences; buildings not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIH, local, 12, January 9, 1845. Tallmadge Academical Institute, 
Summit County; Samuel L. Bronson and four others; four directors; 
stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; property not to exceed 
ten thousand dollars; the maintenance of an academy for instruction in 
the higher branches of education, both for males and females. 

O.L., XLIH, local, 16, January 15, 1845. Bedford Seminary, Cuyahoga County; 
E. H. Holly and eleven others; twelve directors and a president; stock 
company, shares ten dollars; property not to exceed twenty-five thousand 
dollars; to maintain an institution for the instruction of youth in the 
various classes of education. 



APPENDIX A 141 

O.L., XLIII, local, 39, January 23, 1845. Cincinnati Classical Academy; 
Elbert T. Bledsoe and two others; a rector and five or more trustees; 
capital stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 42, January 29, 1845. Name changed to St. John's College. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 65, February 6, 1845. Columbus Academical and Collegiate 
Institute; II. M. Hubbell and nineteen others; twenty trustees; to afford 
instruction in literature and in the arts and sciences; not to confer collegiate 
honors or degrees until ten thousand dollars property shall be acciuired. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 75, February 10, 1845. Aurora Academical Institute, 
Portage County; John E. Jackson; nine trustees; stock company, shares 
ten dollar"; stock not to exceed five thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIII, loc. , 87, February 10, 1845. Cooper Female Academy in Dayton; 
Samuel Forrer and five others including Robert W. Steele; annual income 
not to exceed five thousand dollars; trustees may direct what branches of 
literature and the arts and sciences shall be taught. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 89, F'cbruary 10, 1845. Akron Institute; Samuel Perkins 
and six others; seven trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 121, February 26, 1845. Rocky River Seminary; Robert 
Cochran and ten others; literature, arts and sciences. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 203, March 4, 1845. Findlay Academical Institute, Hancock 
County; J. Ilughing and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, 
shares ten dollars; stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; shall not 
contract debts beyond the amount of the capital stock subscribed. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 229, March 4, 1845. The Vermillion Institute; Harrison 
Armstrong and fifteen others; ten trustees; stork company, shares twenty 
dollars; property not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; to educate males 
and females in letters and the sciences, and to instruct them in the ele- 
ments of morality and the great truths of the Christian religion; no part 
to be used in banking; the tenets or creed of any particular sect shall 
never be taught. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 289, March 8, 1845. Cottage Hill Academy in E:iIsworth; 
William Bottum and eight others; nine directors; stock company; annual 
income not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 292, March 8, 1845. The Normal High School, Carroll 
County; Joseph Cable and eight others; property not to exceed ten thou- 
sand dollars; "the promotion of a highly moral and intellectual education 
in languages, arts and sciences upon the norma! plan"; a failure to organize 
said school within one year or to operate the school for the space of one 
year at one time shall act as a forfeiture. 

O.L., XLIII, IocaI,384, March 12, 1845. The London Academy, Madison County; 
Patrick McLane and two others; three to seven trustees; stock company, 
shares ten dollars each; capital stock twenty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIII, local, 409, March 12, 1845. West Jefferson Academical Institute, 
Madison County. James Burnham and eighteen others; nine trustees; 
stock company, shares five dollars each; capital stock not to exceed ten 
thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIV, local, 4, December 20, 1845. Baldwin Institute, Middlcburg; 
Thomas Thompson and twelve others; trustees appointed by the North 



142 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL IJCGISLATION IN OHIO 

Ohio Conference of the M. K. Church; annual income not to exceed three 
thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIV, local, 107, February 14, 1846. Loudonville Academy, Richland 
County; C. N. Haskell and six others. 

O.L., XLIV, local, 122, February 19, 1840. Norwalk Institute; Joseph Lowry 
and four others; property shall not be devoted to any other purpose. 

O.L., XLIV, local, 236, February 28, 1846. Liverpool Seminary, Columbiana 
County; Alexander R. Young and twenty-five others; nine trustees; stock 
company, shares five dollars; stock not to exceed ten thousand dollars; 
instruction shall not be confined or restricted to pupils of any separate 
sect or denomination of religion. 

O.L., XLV, local, 9<), l'\-bruary 8, 1847. Mansfield Academical Institute, 
Mordecai Hartley and nine others. 

O.L., XLVI, local, 1 14, February 11, 1848. The Xenia Academy; David Medsker 
and seven others; seven directors; stock company, shares twenty dollars 
each; stock not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLVI local, 126, February 14, 1848. Richland Academic Institute; 
Logan County; Reverend G. G. Page and eight others. 

O.L., XLVI, loc;d, 135, February 14, 1848. The Felicity Female Seminary, 
Clermont County; Robert Chalfert and fourteen others; three trustees; 
stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; stock not to exceed ten 
thousand dollars; that instruction in said seminary shall not be confined 
or restricted to pupils of any separate sect or denomination of religion. 

O.L., XLVI, local, 188, February 18, 1848. Medina Academy; Stephen N. Sar- 
geant and thirteen others; stock company, shares twenty dollars each. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 238, February 23, 1849. Oxford Female Institute, Butler 
County; Merman B. Mayo and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, 
shares twenty dollars each; real property not to exceed twenty thousand 
dollars; capital stock not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 241, February 28, 1849. Miller Academy in Washington; 
John K. Alexander and five others; the Presbytery of Zanesville in connec- 
tion with the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church and a board 
of five trustees; real property not to exceed twenty thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLVI 1 1, local, 618, March 23, 1850. Under control of the Zanesville 
Presbytery in connection with the General Assembly of the Old School of 
the Presbyterian Church. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 243, March 8, 1849. Pomeroy Academy, Meigs County; 
Charles R. Pomeroy and six others. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 263, February 17, 1849; Springfield Female Seminary, Clark 
County; J. S. Galloway and eight others; nine directors chosen by the 
Miami Presbytery; stock company, shares ten dollars each; stock not to 
exceed fifty thousand dollars; literature and the arts and sciences as 
directed by the board. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 273, March 9, 1849. Cadiz High School; Jonathan Dewey 
and six others; three trustees; slock company, shares fifty dollars each; 
properly not to exceed ten thousand dollars; all the necessary and useful 
branches of a thorough and liberal education. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 280, March 22, 1849. Mansfield Female Seminary, Richland 
County; James Johnson and seven others; five directors; stock company, 



APPENDIX A 143 

shares ten dollars; capital stock not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; 
literature and the arts and sciences as directed by the board. 

O.L., XLVII, local, 284, March 28, 1849. Mount Pleasant Academy, Ross 
County; Timothy Stearns and four others; seven directors; stock com- 
pany, shares ten dollars; capital stock not to exceed twenty thousand 
dollars. 

O.L., XLVII I, local, 614, February 14, 1850. Elliott Female Seminary; Hugh 
Elliott and fourteen others; fifteen directors; capital stock not to exceed 
thirty thousand dollars; literature and the arts and sciences as directed 
by the board. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 617, March 21, 1850. Vinton High School, Gallia County; 
Herman Wilkins and four others; a board of three trustees; stock company, 
shares ten dollars; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 625, March 23, 1850. Defiance Female Seminary, Defiance 
County; Sidney S. Sprague and five others; five trustees; stock company, 
shares twenty-five dollars each; stock not to exceed twenty thousand 
dollars; instruction shall never be confined or restricted to pupils of any 
separate sect or denomination. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 627, March 1, 1850. Western Reserve Eclectic Institute; 
George Paw and eleven others; stock company, shares twenty-five dollars 
each; stock not to exceed sixty thousand dollars; the instruction of youth of 
both sexes in the various branches of literature and sciences, especially the 
moral sciences based upon the facts and truths of the Holy Scriptures. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 630, March 21, 1850. Tiffin Academy, Seneca County; 
Henry Elbert and twenty-two others; seven trustees; stock company, 
shares twenty dollars each. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 637, March 22, 1850. Xenia Female Academy; Thomas C. 
Wright and eleven others; nine trustees; stock company, shares fifty dollars 
each; real property not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; capital stock 
twenty-five dollars each; the arts and sciences and all necessary and useful 
branches of a thorough and useful education such as may be taught in 
the best female colleges and academies. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 638, March 23, 1850. Hartford High School, Trumbull 
County; Seth Hayes and eight others; five trustees. 

O.L., XLVIII, local, 639, March 22, 1850. Soeurs de Notre Dame Female Edu- 
cational Institute, Chillicothe, Ross County; Julia Van Balton and four 
others (women). 

ACTS INCORPORATING SCHOOL COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS 

O.L., XVI, 157, January 29, 1818. The Union School Association of the 
towns of Harpersfield and Madison; James A. Harper and twelve others; 
officers elected by the corporation; stock company, shares ten dollars, not 
to exceed seven hundred in number; property not to exceed ten thousand 
dollars; not to be used for banking. 

O.L., XXII, local, 106, February 21, 1824. The Milford Union School Society, 
Milford, Clermont County; James MacDonald and twenty-five others; 
five trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars each. 



144 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXII, local, 109, February 10, 1824. The Jefferson School Association; 
Timothy Hawley and eleven others; four trustees and a president; stock 
company, shares ten dollars each; property shall not exceed twenty thou- 
sand dollars. 

O.L., XXIII, local 44, January 28, 1825. The Literary Society of St. Joseph's; 
John A. Hill and three others; annual income not to exceed twelve thou- 
sand dollars; to erect and establish an academy at St. Joseph's in Perry 
County; an academy in Cincinnati, and an academy at Canton in Stark 
County; funds not to be used for any other than literary purposes. 

O.L., XXIV, local, 92, February 7, 1826. Mesopotamia Central School Society; 
confirming incorporation under the general law because of doubts as to 
the constitutionality of said law. 

O.L., XXVI, local, 67, January 29, 1828. The Goshen School Association, 
Logan County; Hardin Brown and four others. 

O.L., XXVII, local, 131, February 12, 1829. The trustees of the Columbus 
Presbytery; twelve trustees; annual income not to exceed three thousand 
dollars; for the sole purpose of establishing and supporting an academy 
and of carrying into effect such benevolent, literary or religious plans as 
may be connected therewith. 

O.L., XXVII, local, 147, February 11, 1829. The Education Society of Paines- 
ville, Geauga County; Isaac Gillett and eight others; stock company, 
shares ten dollars each (by an amendment of February 24, 1835); to 
establish an academy or other seminary of learning. 

O.L., XXIX, local, 42, January 12, 1831. Bricksville Academical Association, 
Cuyahoga County; Isaac M. Gorman and four others. 

O.L., XXXI, local, 4, December 17, 1832. The St. Mary's Female Literary 
Society, Elizabeth Sansberry and three others of Perry County; annual 
income not to exceed three thousand dollars; property of said society 
shall be converted to no other uses other than the promotion of female 
education. 

O.L., XXXII, local, 46, January 30, 1834. The German Lutheran Seminary of 
the German Lutheran Synod of Ohio and adjacent states; annual income 
not to exceed ten thousand dollars; that the funds of the corporation shall 
never be used or employed for any other purpose than the promotion of 
religion, morality and learning. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 402, March 1, 1836. The North Union School Association 
of Carroll County; Jacob Everhart with seven others; money and funds 
of corporation shall be applied exclusively to the payment of a teacher and 
furnishing fuel for the school, and to no other purpose whatever except the 
purchase of a lot, the erection of a school building and dwelling house for 
a teacher. Amended March 12, 1844. O.L.,XLII, local, 221. Authoriz- 
ing said association to keep open four public schools and no more, and 
to own and equip four schoolhouses, and to draw a fair and equal pro- 
portion of the school funds of the county. 

O.L., XXXIV, local, 411, March 12, 1836. Rome Academical Company; three 
trustees; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXV, local, 3, December 17, 1836. The Springborough School Com- 
pany, Warren County; Joseph Stanton and eight others; three trustees; 



APPENDIX A 145 

stock company, shares five dollars each; annual income not to exceed 
three thousand dollars; capital stock five hundred to five thousand dol- 
lars; to promote the organization of useful knowledge and a sound practical 
education. 
O.L., XXXVI, local, 107, February 23, 1838. High Falls Primary Institute in 
Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga and Geauga Counties; twelve trustees; property 
not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars; education of youth is the exclusive 
object of this corporation and its funds shall be exclusively devoted to the 
promotion of this object. 
O.L., XXXVI, local, 371, March 17, 1838. Newark Association for the Promo- 
tion of Education; Asa Beckwith and twenty others; twenty-one directors; 
stock company, shares ten to fifty dollars; stock not to exceed twenty-five 
thousand dollars; "the object of this corporation is to establish a high 
school with suitable houses and means of instruction for the education of 
both males and females." 
O.L., XXXVII, local, 166, March 12, 1839. Monroe Academical Association; 
David Kirkbridge and six others; three trustees and a president; stock 
company, shares fifty dollars; annual income not to exceed ten thousand 
dollars; "to cultivate and strengthen the intellectual and moral faculties 
of the youth who may resort to it for instruction, to teach them the art 
of self-government and to fit them by a judicious course of moral discipline 
for virtue, usefulness and happiness." 
O.L., XXXVII, local, 169, March 12, 1839. The Harveysburg High School 
Company, Warren County; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars; 
to establish a high school and to promote and afford therein instruction 
in the usual branches of a sound, practical and liberal education, and in 
the languages, arts and sciences. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 11, January 29, 1841. The Cincinnati New Jerusalem 
Church School Association; Jacob L. Wayne and nine others; five trustees; 
annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; not to issue any cir- 
culating medium or exercise any banking privilege; to establish and carry 
forward a school in the city of Cincinnati, wherein may be taught all 
branches of literature and science. 
O.L., XXXIX, local, 103, March 27, 1841. Berkshire Education Society, Dela- 
ware County; David Prince and three others. 
O.L., XLI, local, 85, February 17, 1843. Western Reserve Freewill Baptist 
Academical Society; S. B. Philbrick and nine others; promoting and 
encouraging education; if the managers shall receive blacks and mulattoes 
into the same upon equality with white persons it shall work a forfeiture 
of all the powers hereby granted. 
O.L., XLII, local, 60, February 15, 1844. The Sylvania High School Company, 
Lucas County; John P. Pease and three others; property not to exceed 
ten thousand dollars; the establishment of a high school and to promote 
and afford therein instruction in the usual branches of a sound, practical 
and liberal education and in the languages, arts and sciences. 
O.L., XLII, local, 163, March 12, 1844. The Western Reserve Freewill Baptist 
Educational Society; S. B. Philbrick and nine others; promoting and en- 



146 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

couraging education and sustaining the Western Reserve Manual Labor 
Seminary in Chester. 
O.L., XLIV, local, 161, February 23, 1846. Madison Education Society; Joshua 
Harkwell and eight others; nine trustees; stock company, shares twenty 
dollars. 

ACTS CONCERNING HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 
COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES 

Ohio University: 

Territorial Acts, Nashee's Compilation, p. 219, December 18, 1799. Resolution 
that Rufus Putnam, Ives Kleeman, Jonathan Stone, Esqs., be requested 
to lay off in Townships 8 and 9 in Washington County a town plat with a 
square for the colleges, lots for the president and professors, tutors, etc., 
bordering on or encircled by spacious commons. 
Territorial Acts, Nashee's Compilation, p. 220, January 9, 1802. An act estab- 
lishing a University in the town of Athens. 

Sec. 1. That there shall be a university instituted and established in 
the town of Athens by the name and style of the American Western Uni- 
versity, for the instruction of youth in all branches of the liberal arts and 
sciences, for the promotion of good education, virtue, religion and morality, 
and for conferring of the degrees and literary honors granted in similar 
institutions. 

Sec. 2. Creating a body politic. 

Sec. 3. Appointing the Honorable Rufus Putnam, Joseph Kleeman, 
Return Jonathan Meigs and seven others; created a body politic. 

Sec. 11. Vesting Townships 8 and 9 granted by Congress in said 
corporation forever. 

Sec. 18. The legislature may grant further powers or alter, limit or 
restrain any of the powers by this vested in this corporation. 
O.L., I, 148, April 16, 1803. Resolution appointing three commissioners to 

appraise the college townships in Washington Township. 
O.L., II, 193, February 18, 1804. 

Sec. 2. Creating a body politic and corporate by the name and style 
of the President and Trustees of the Ohio University, to consist of the 
Governor of the state, the President, and not more than fifteen nor less 
than ten trustees. 

Sec. 8. Vacancies caused by death shall be filled at the next meeting 
of the legislature. 

Sec. 9. The faculty shall direct and cause to be holden quarterly in 
every year a public examination, at which time the faculty shall attend, 
when each class of the students shall be examined relative to the proficiency 
they shall have made in the particular arts and sciences or branches of 
education in which they shall have been instructed. 

Sec. 13. Directing the trustees to lay off the town of Athens con- 
formably to a plan made out by Rufus Putnam and others. 

Sec. 14. Providing that the annual rents and profits shall be appro- 
priated to the endowment of the University. 



APPENDIX A 147 

Sec. 17. Exempting the lands in the two townships appropriated, 
together with the buildings, from all state taxes. 
O.L., III, 79, February 21, 1805. Amendatory, providing for appraising and 
leasing the land in the two college townships for ninety-nine years, renew- 
able forever. No land to be valued for less than one dollar and seventy- 
five cents per acre. 
O.L., V, 85, January 23, 1807. Amendatory, authorizing the trustees to lease 
the appraised lots that have been appraised at less than one dollar and 
seventy-five cents. 
O.L., VII, 167, February 15, 1809. Sec. 2. Trustees shall have power until the 
the year 1811 to receive articles or produce from the lessees in payment 
of rent. 
O.L., XVI, 37, December 29, 1817. An act to authorize the drawing of a lottery 
for the benefit of the Ohio University. 

"Whereas the diffusion of science and literature has ever been found 
to be auspicious to the interests of liberty and the purity and permanence 
of republican institutions": 

Sec. 1. Seven commissioners are authorized to raise by lottery a sum 
not to exceed twenty thousand dollars to defray the expenses of building 
a college edifice and to purchase a library and suitable mathematical and 
philosophical apparatus. 
O.L., XXIII, 19, February 25, 1825. An act for the better regulation of the 
Medical College of Ohio and making certain appropriations therein named. 
Sec. 7. That the sum of one thousand dollars be appropriated for the 
use of the Ohio University to be paid out of the lottery fund and to be 
applied by direction of the trustees for the purpose of paying any debts 
that may have been contracted for the purchase of philosophical apparatus 
or for any addition to the Library. 
O.L., XXVII, 9, January 10, 1829. Amendatory, the Board of Trustees shall 
report annually to the Auditor of State the amount of money arising from 
the sale of lands situated in the college township; when the money is 
deposited with the Treasurer of State it shall be placed to the credit of 
the Ohio University. 

O.L., XXXIV, 643, March 7, 1836. Whereas by a resolution of January 30, 
1827, it is made the duty of the President and Trustees of the Ohio Uni- 
versity annually to report the condition of said University: 

Resolved, That the President and Trustees of the Ohio University be 
required to report to the legislature a statement of the condition of said 
University. 

O.L., XXXV, 543, January 12, 1837. "Whereas the legislature of this state 
do possess a controlling power over the officers of the Ohio University, 
and whereas no report can be found on the files of this legislature made 
by the President and Trustees of said University": 

Requiring a report on the total amount of revenue and its source, 
amount of disbursements and the purpose, state of buildings, amount of 
debts due, to whom and for what expended, the number of professors 
engaged, the branches of literature and science taught by each, and a list 



148 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

of the number of students in each year commencing with the first day of 
April, 1826 to the first day of January, 1837, inclusive. 

O.L., XXXVI, 204, March 7, 1838. An act providing for a loan to the Ohio 
University. 

Sec. 1. Authorizing the Commissioners of the Canal Fund to loan 
from the sinking fund five thousand dollars to the Ohio University to be 
paid back in annual instalments of one thousand dollars each, interest 
at six per cent. 

O.L., XLI, 144, March 10, 1843. An act to declare the true intent and meaning 
of the first section of the act entitled, "An act to amend an act entitled 
an act to establish a university in the town of Athens, passed February 21, 
1805." 

Sec. 1. "That it is the true intent and meaning of said act that the 
leases granted under said act and the one to which that was an amendment 
should not be subject to a revaluation at any time thereafter." 

O.L., XLV, 176, February 8, 1847. An act to provide for the funding of debts 
for the Ohio University. 

Sec. 1. Authorizing the President and Trustees to fund any amount 
of the debts due from said University not exceeding ten thousand dollars 
in sums not less than one hundred dollars each, for such length of time 
and for such rates of interest not exceeding seven per cent per annum as 
may be agreed upon. 

Miami University: 

O.L., I, 66, April 15, 1803. An act to provide for the locating of a college town- 
ship in the District of Cincinnati. 

Sec. 1. That one township in the District of Cincinnati, or equivalent 
land equal to thirty-six sections, shall be located and entered for the use 
and support of an academy in lieu of the college township heretofore 
granted in trust to John C. Symmes and his associates. 

Sec. 2. Directing the Commissioners appointed to select such lands 
as are most valuable "having due regard to the quality of the land, the 
situation for health, the goodness of the water, and the advantage of inland 
navigation." 
O.L., VII, 184, February 17, 1809. An act to establish the Miami University. 

Sec. 1. For the instruction of youth in all the various branches of the 
liberal arts and sciences, for the promotion of good education, virtue, 
religion and morality, and for conferring all the literary honors granted 
in similar institutions; and benefits and advantages of the said University 
shall be open to all the citizens within this state. 

Sec. 2. Creating a body politic, a president and not more than fourteen 
or less than seven trustees. 

Sec. 8. The faculty shall cause to be holden in the said University at 
least once every year a public examination, at which time the faculty shall 
attend, etc. 

Sec. 10. Vesting the township granted by Congress in the Cincinnati 
District, in the said corporation for the sole use, benefit and support of 
the said University, with power to subdivide and sell the same for terms 



APPENDIX A 149 

of ninety-nine years; renewable forever; subject to a revaluation every 
fifteen years; minimum price two dollars per acre. 

Sec. 11. The clear annual rents and profits to be appropriated "in 
such manner as shall most effectually promote virtue, and morality" and 
knowledge of such languages, liberal arts and sciences as shall hereafter 
be directed from time to time by said corporation. 

Sec. 15. Legislature shall have power to grant any further and greater 
powers or alter, limit or restrain any of the powers by this act vested. 

Sec. 17. Alexander Campbell, the Reverend James Kilbourne and 
The Reverend Robert G. Wilson appointed to select a permanent seat 
for the University. 
O.L., VIII, 94, February 6, 1810. Amendatory, That the trustees of the Miami 
University shall cause a town to be laid off on such part of land described 
in said act as they may think proper, to be known by the name of "Oxford." 

Sec. 2. The said University is hereby established on said land and 
such place as the trustees may think proper, and they are authorized to 
direct such building and buildings to be erected as they deem necessary. 
O.L., XII, 83, February 1, 1814. Amendatory. 

Sec. 1. Trustees are required to make an accurate statement of all 
proceedings both as respects the disposal of land as well as the state of the 
funds arising from the proceeds to the legislature. 
O.L., XVII, 131, February 5, 1819. Amendatory. 

Sec. 1. Not more than four trustees shall reside out of the limits of 
the John Cleve Symmes Purchase; none of them shall reside within the 
college township. 
O.L., XLVI, 291, February 7, 1848. Repealing so much of the act as provides 
that not more than four of the trustees shall reside out of the limits of the 
John Cleve Symmes Purchase. 
O.L., XLVII, 398. (No date). Resolution appointing a committee of three 
to examine into and report to the next General Assembly the condition 
of the Miami University and the cause of its decline, with such recom- 
mendations as they may deem proper to make, and that said committee 
shall have power to send for reports and papers, and to administer all 
acts necessary to said investigation. 

Cincinnati University: 

O.L., V, 64, January 23, 1807. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati University. 
J. S. Gano and forty-eight others. 

Sec. 3. "That all parcels of land, tenants, rents, annuities, profits on 
any goods, chattels, or any other effects .... and shall have power 
to appropriate any funds belonging to said corporation in improving the 
present university and making further improvements on the tract of land 
thereunto now belonging or for educating poor children"; stock company, 
shares ten dollars. 

O.L., V, 120, February 3, 1807. An act authorizing the citizens of Cincinnati 
and its vicinity to raise six thousand dollars for certain purposes; author- 
izes the appointing of commissioners to raise by lottery a sum not to 
exceed six thousand dollars for Cincinnati University. 



150 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Cincinnati College: 

O.L., XVII, 46, January 22, 1819. Jacob Burrett and nineteen others incor- 
porated as trustees and faculty of the Cincinnati College; annual income 
not to exceed eleven thousand dollars; stock company, shares twenty-five 
dollars each; control thirteen trustees; the religious tenets that may be 
peculiar to any sect or denomination shall never be taught or enforced in 
the College; Board of Trustees may grant all or any of the degrees that 
are usually conferred in any college or university within the United States. 

O.L., XLIII, 376, March 11, 1845. Authorizing the trustees to borrow not to 
exceed thirty-five thousand dollars. 

O.L., XLIV, 157, February 21, 1846. Licensing law graduates. 

Worthington College: 

O.L., XVII, 155, February 8, 1819. An act to establish a college in the town 
of Worthington by the name and style of the "Worthington College" 
for the instruction of youth in all the liberal arts and sciences, in virtue, 
religion and literary honors granted in similar institutions. Philander 
Chase and eleven others created a body politic. 

Kenyan College: 

O.L., XXIII, 12, December 22, 1824. An act to incorporate the Theological 
Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio. 

Sec. 1. The Right Reverend Philander Chase, now Bishop of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, and eight others, the present trustees, are 
created a body corporate; annual income exclusive of lands or tenants 
occupied by said seminary, not to exceed twenty thousand dollars. 

The General Assembly may at any time hereafter modify or repeal this 
act, but no such modification shall divert the real and personal property 
of the seminary to any other purpose than the education of ministers of 
the gospel in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of 
America. 

O.L., XXIV, 39, January 24, 1826. Supplementary. 

Sec. 1. The president and professors of said seminary shall be con- 
sidered as the faculty of a college, and as such have the power of conferring 
degrees in the arts and sciences and of performing all such other acts as 
pertain to the faculties of colleges for the encouragement and reward of 
learning, and the name and style by which the said degrees shall be con- 
ferred and the certificate of learning given shall be that of the president 
and professors of Kenyon College in the State of Ohio. 

O.L., XXVI, 176, January 11, 1828. Resolved, That this General Assembly 
approve of the object of the application of The Reverend Philander Chase 
to the Congress of the United States for a donation of a tract or tracts of 
public lands for the support of Kenyon College, and that the Senators 
and Representatives of this state in the Congress of the United States be 
requested to use their exertions in aid and support of the said application. 

O.L., XXXVII, 353, March 6, 1839. Supplementary. 

Sec. 1. Trustees shall have power in connection with said seminary 
to establish a college and halls for preparatory education. 

Sec. 2. Power to confer degrees as president and professors of Kenyon 
College. 



APPENDIX A 151 

Sec. 3. The president and professors of said Theological Seminary 
shall have power to confer degrees in Theology by the name and style of 
the president and professors of the Theological Seminary of the Diocese 
of Ohio. 

Franklin College: 

O.L., XXIII, 22, January 22, 1825. An act to incorporate the College of Alma 
in the town of Athens, Harrison County. John Rhea and thirteen others 
are created a body corporate with full power to confer degrees. 

O.L., XXIV, 49, January 31, 1826. Amendatory. Changing the name to 
Franklin College. 

O.L., XXXIV, 610, March 14, 1836. An act making an appropriation to Frank- 
lin College in the County of Harrison and Ripley College in the County 
of Brown. 

Sec. 1. Appropriating five hundred dollars to each college, to be applied 
in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall direct. 

Western Reserve University: 

O.L., XXIV, 93, February 7, 1826. An act to incorporate the trustees of the 
Western Reserve College. 

Sec. 1. George Swift and eleven others are created a body politic to 
be styled the Board of Trustees of Western Reserve College with power 
to confer on those whom they may deem worthy all such honors and 
degrees as are usually conferred in similar institutions. 

Sec. 2. Said college shall be located in the Township of Hudson, Port- 
age County, and erected in a plan sufficiently extensive to afford instruc- 
tion in the liberal arts and sciences, and the trustees may erect additional 
departments for the study of any or all of the liberal professions. 
O.L., XLII, 95, February 23, 1844. Amendatory. 

Sec. 1. That the trustees of the Western Reserve College are authorized 
to establish a medical department in the City of Cleveland, and to confer 
degrees and other diplomas. 

Lane Seminary: 

O.L., XXVII, 118, February 11, 1829. An act to incorporate the Lane Seminary 
in the County of Hamilton. 

Sec. 1. "That there shall be and hereby is established in the County 
of Hamilton a theological institution for the education of young men for 
the gospel ministry by the name of the Lane Seminary." 

Sec. 3. "That the officers and members of the Executive Committee 
shall reside in the City of Cincinnati or this vicinity, a majority of whom 
together with all the professors and instructors of said institution shall 
be members of the Presbyterian Church in good standing under the 
general care of the General Assembly of the Church in the United States." 
Board of Trustees shall have power to confer any of the degrees in divinity 
usually granted in the colleges and universities of the United States. 

Sec. 5. "That a fundamental rule or principle of said institution shall 
be that every student therein when in good health shall be required to 



152 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

spend not less than three nor more than four hours each day in agricultural 
or mechanical labor, the profits of which shall be applied to defray the 
expense of the institution and the board and tuition of the students." 
O.L., XXXVI, 22, January 16, 1838. Amendatory. The Board of Trustees 
shall consist of not less than thirteen nor more than twenty-five. 

College of Ripley: 

O.L., XXVIII, 88, February 9, 1830. An act to incorporate the College of Ripley 
in the County of Brown. Allan Trimbell and twenty-one others are 
created a body politic with full power and authority to confer degrees; 
annual income not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; no religious doc- 
trines peculiar to any sect of Christians shall ever be inculcated; vacancies 
in the trustees to be filled by the General Assembly. 

Denison University: 

O.L., XXX, 88, February 2, 1832. An act to incorporate the "Granville 

Literary and Theological Institution." Jonathan Atwood and six others; 

the present trustees of said institution are constituted a body politic; 

income from property not used by said institution or its officers or 

professors not to exceed five thousand dollars. 

Sec. 2. Trustees have power to confer on those whom they may think 

worthy all such honors and degrees as are conferred by similar institutions. 

Sec. 3. Trustees may increase their number, but not to exceed eighteen. 

O.L., XXXII, 215, February 27, 1834. Amendatory. Trustees shall have 

power to increase the number of trustees not exceeding thirty-six nor less 

than twelve. 
O.L., XLIII, 54, February 3, 1845. Amendatory. Changing the name to 

"The Granville College." 

Sec. 2. The trustees may as their ability shall increase erect additional 

departments for the study of any or all of the liberal professions. 

Marietta College: 

O.L., XXXI, 18, December 17, 1832. An act to incorporate the Marietta Col- 
legiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary. Luther G. Bingham 
and eight others are created a body politic; purpose, the instruction of 
youth in the various branches of useful knowledge and especially the edu- 
cation of teachers for common schools; annual income not to exceed five 
thousand dollars. 

O.L., XXXIII, 53, February 14, 1835. An act to incorporate Marietta College. 

Sec. 1. That there shall be and there is hereby established in the 

County of Washington an institution for the education of youth in the 

various branches of useful knowledge by the name of the Marietta College. 

Sec. 4. Annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; funds 

shall never be used for purposes of banking. 

Sec. 6. Power to confer such honors and degrees as are usually con- 
ferred in similar institutions. 

O.L., XLIII, 4, December 31, 1844. Amendatory. It shall be lawful for the 
board to increase the number of trustees not to exceed twenty-five. 



APPENDIX A 153 

Oberlin College: 

O.L., XXXII, 226, February 2, 1834. An act to incorporate the Oberlin Col- 
legiate Institute. Henry Brown and eight others are created a body 
politic to be styled the Board of Trustees of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute 
with power to confer on those whom they deem worthy such honors and 
degrees as are usually conferred in similar institutions. 

Skc. 2. That the said institution shall remain in Lorain County and 
shall afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences and the trustees 
may erect additional departments for such other branches of education 
as they may think necessary or useful. 

Sec. 3. They may increase the number of trustees to twelve exclusive 
of the president. 

Sec. 4. The president shall be ex officio a member of the Board of 
Trustees and president of the same. 

Sec. 6. The funds to be applied in erecting suitable buildings and 
supporting officers and in securing books, maps, charts, and other appara- 
tus necessary to the well-being of the institution. 
O.L., XLVIII, 632, March 21, 1850. Amendatory, Changing the name of the 
Oberlin Collegiate Institute to Oberlin College. 

Willoughby University of Lake Erie: 

O.L., XXXII, 376, March 3, 1834. An act to incorporate the Willoughby Uni- 
versity of Lake Erie. Nehemia Allan and two others are created a body 
politic. Purpose — the instruction of young men and youth in the various 
branches of literature and sciences; annual income from real estate not 
to exceed five thousand dollars; power of conferring degrees in the arts, 
sciences, and professions. 

O.L., XLV. 7, January 14, 1847. Amendatory. 

Sec. 1. Trustees are authorized to transfer the medical department of 
said university from Willoughby and establish the same at the City of 
Columbus to be known as the Willoughby Medical College at Columbus. 

German Reform Theological Seminary: 

O.L., XXXV, 9, December 20, 1836. An act to incorporate the German Reform 
Synod of Ohio. 

Sec. 2. For the purpose of furthering the interests of the German 
Reform Church in Ohio by erecting a house or houses for a theological 
seminary or for establishing all the necessary conveniences for an institu- 
tion of learning wherein to prepare men for the gospel ministry. 

St. Clair sville Collegiate Seminary: 

O.L., XXXV, 55, January 30, 1837. An act to incorporate the St. Clairsville 
Collegiate Seminary. James Moore and thirty-eight others are created 
a body politic; "all property shall be for the purpose and no other of edu- 
cating females"; annual income from funds not to exceed ten thousand 
dollars; instruction and the means of education in the said seminary 
whether in the primary or collegiate department shall never be confined 
or restricted to the tenets of any separate sect or denomination of religion. 



154 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Sec. 13. Corporation shall report annually to the General Assembly 
the number of scholars taught the preceding year and the condition of 
the corporation. 

Muskingum College: 

O.L., XXXV, 272, March 18, 1837. An act to incorporate the Muskingum 
College. Robert Wallace and eight others associated for the purpose of 
establishing a seminary of learning at or near the town of New Concord in 
Muskingimi County are created a body politic; nine directors with power 
to increase same to fifteen. 

Baptist Literary and Collegiate Institute: 

O.L., XXXV, 347, March 29, 1837. An act to incorporate the Baptist Literary 
and Collegiate Institute of Huron County. 

Sec. 1. For the education of young men. 

Sec. 2. Board self-perpetuating, not less than twenty-one nor more 
than twenty-five. 

Sec. 3. Officers and members of the Executive Committee shall reside 
in Huron County, a majority of whom, together with all the professors, 
tutors, teachers and instructors, shall be members of the regular Baptist 
Church in good standing. 

Sec. 5. "The design of this institution shall be to give a t^.jrough 
literary and collegiate education; the income and tuition of which shall be 
ap[)lied to defraying the expense of the institution and the board and 
(nil ion of (he students." 

Wesleyan Collegiate Institute: 

O.L., XXXV, 378, March 31, 1837. An act to incorporate the trustees of the 
Wesleyan Collegiate Institute. Jacob Ward and nine others are created 
a body politic; to be located at Olmsted and erected on a plan sufficiently 
extensive to afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences. 

Logan College: 

O.L., XXXVI, 203, March 7, 1838. An act to incorporate Logan College. 
James Wallace and twenty others arc created a body corporate. 

Theological Seminary, Reform Synod: 

O.L., XXXVI, 34, January 22, 1838. An act to incorporate the Theological 
Seminary of the Associated Reform Synod of the West. 

Sec. 1. That there shall be established at Oxford in Butler County a 
theological institution for the education of young men for the gospel 
ministry; annual income of property not to exceed two thousand dollars. 

Central College: 

O.L., XL, 77, March 2, 1842. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Central 
College of Ohio. H. L. Hitchcock and thirteen others are created a body 
politic with power to confer on those whom they may deem worthy all 
such honors and degrees as are usually conferred by colleges; said college 



APPKNDIX A 155 

shall afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences usually taught in 
colleges; shall be allowed to have an academical department. 

St. Xavier College: 

O.L., XL, 84, March 5, 1842. An act to incorporate the St. Xavier College. 

"That there shall be and there is hereby established in the city of Cin- 
cinnati an institution, for the education of white youth in the various 
branches of useful knowledge, by the name of the Trustees of St. Xavier's 
College"; property not to exceed forty thousand dollars; no part of funds 
to be used in banking; trustees shall have power to confer honors and 
degrees. 

Ohio Wesley an University: 

O.L., XL, 111, March 7, 1842. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Ohio 
Weslcyan University. 

WniiKEAS, "The Ohio and North Ohio Annual Conference of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church have determined upon establishing an extensive 
university or college in this state to the support of which they arc pledged 
to use their utmost efforts, and which university is ever to be conducted 
on the most liberal principles, accessible to all religious denominations, and 
designed for the benefit of our citizens in general," therefore: 

Sec. 1. William Neff and twenty others are created a body politic. 

Sec. 3. That the Ohio and North Ohio Conferences of the Methodist 
Lpiscopal Church, or such other conferences as may be formed out of these 
conferences, shall fill the vacancies occurring in the Board of Trustees, and 
shall annually appoint any number of visitors not exceeding three for each 
conference, who shall attend the meetings of the Board of Trustees and 
shall constitute a joint board in the appointment and removal of all officers 
of the said university. 

Sec. 5. The university shall be styled the Ohio Wesleyan University 
and shall be located in or near Delaware, Ohio. 
O.L., XLI, 12, January 11, 1843. An act to amend the charter of the Ohio 
Wesleyan University. Trustees appointed by the Ohio and North Ohio 
Conferences of the M. E. Church. 

Lafayette University: 

O.L., XL, 119, March 7, 1842. An act to incorporate Lafayette University at 
New Carlisle, Clark County. 

Sec. 1. There is hereby established "an institution for the education 
of youth in the various branches of useful knowledge"; William G. Serviss 
and twenty others are appointed trustees; annual income of real property 
not to exceed five thousand dollars; funds shall never be used for banking; 
the said corporation shall have power to confer honors and degrees. 

Germania College: 

O.L., XLI, 12, January 11, 1843. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Ger- 
mania College. Jacob Leist and eight others are created a body politic 
for thirty years with power to confer honors and degrees; not less than 
eleven nor more than twenty-one trustees. 

Sec. 5. "The said college shall afford instruction in the liberal arts 
and sciences usually taught in colleges, and shall be allowed to establish 



156 IIIS'IOKY Ol' i:i)lJ('Ari()NAL MX, I SI, ATI ON IN OilK) 

an acadcrnical (lcf)artnicnt for the; instniclion of studriils in the various 
branches of an aeadcniic a! education and {general knowledj^e not included 
in the usual collcj^iate course, and for the instruction of those who design 
to be teachers of schools." 

Providence Collci^r: 

O.L., XLI, 63, February 9, 1843. An act to incorporate Providence College 
and that for the purpose of establishing a college for the education of 
youth in Hie various branches of useful knowierlge. Wilson Shannon and 
twenty othcMs are created a body politic with power to confer honors and 
decrees; trustees not less than eleven nor more than twenty-one. 

Skc. 5. "The said college shall afford instruction in the liberal arts 
and sciences usually taught in colleges and shall be allowed to have an 
academical dej)artment, etc ." 

Sia:. 9. The |)rivate and individual property of the incorporators shall 
be held responsible for the paymcnl of debts of said college. 

Beverly College: 

O.L., XLI, 92, February 28, 1843. An act to incorporate the Beverly College 
at Heverly for the purpose of educating youth in the learned and foreign 
languages, the liberal arts and sciences, and literature; Hoard of Trustees 
not to exceed twenty-one; A. M. Ilryan and twenty others named as the 
first trustees incorporated a body politic; annual income not to exceed 
five thousand dollars; Ho.url of Trustees to be elected by the Pennsylvania 
Synod of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 

Methodist lu'tnale Collegiate Institute: 

O.I,., Xi,l, 146, March 10, 1843. An act to incorixmite the trustees of the 

Methodist h'emale Collegiate Institute of Cincinnati. Thomas A. Morris 

and I welve ol hers. 

Wesleynn Female Colic f^c: 

0.1,., XLIV, 171, hebruary 24, 1846. An act to incorijorale the trustees of the 
Wesleyan Female College of Cincinnati. Thomas A. Morris and twenty- 
oner others; trustees to be chosen by the Hoard of Trustees of eight local 
Methodist Churches, and the ministers of the M. 1'^. Church in Cincinnati, 
with the agents and editors of the Western Hook Concern to be trustees 
ex oKicio; jnupose "the instruction of the i)upils therein in the arts and 
sciences and in all necessary and useful and ornamental branches of an 
edicieut and liberal education, such as is taught in the best female acade- 
mies;" power lo grant literary honors and degrees. 

Bellefontaine College: 

O.L., XLI, 220, March 13, 1843. An act to incorporate the Hellefontaine, 
Ohio, College. Josei)h Steven.son and fourteen others; to afford instruc- 
tion in the common branches of a liberal education and in the liberal 
arts and sciences; property not to exceed two hundred thousand dollars; 
a board of fifteen trustees. 



AIMMCNI^IX A 157 

Sec. 10. If from any cause the corporation sliall <]isso!vo, the property 
of said institution, after its debts arc paid, shall go to the C.'oiunion School 
Fund of the Stale; of Ohio. 

English Lutheran Theological and Collegiate Institute: 

O.L., XLll, 189, March 17, 1844. An act to incorporate the Hoard of directors 
of the Enghsh Lutheran Theological antl Collegiate Institute of Wooster, 
Wayne County. William Godfrey Keil and eleven others; property not 
to exceed ten thousand dollars; power to grant degrees in the liberal arts 
and sciences; trustees apjjoiiited l)y the ICnglish ICvangclical Lutheran 
Synod. 

Ft. Meigs University: 

O.L., XLIII, 80, I'Y'bruary 10, 1845. An act to incorporate the trustees of 
Ft. Meigs University. John C. Spink and eleven others, location — 
Perrysburg, Wood County; "to be erected on a plan sufficiently extensive 
to afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences" and that trustees 
may erect additional departments for instruction in the languages, arts 
and sciences, and in all of the liberal professions; power to confer degrees; 
degrees shall not be conferred until the corporation shall have obtained 
property to the amount of ten thousand dollars; tw(4ve trustees. 

Protestant University of the United Stales: 

O.L., XLIII, 338, March 10, 184.5. An act to incorporate the trustees of 
the Protestant University of the United States. William Wilson and 
twenty-nine others; location — in or near Cincinnati; "the promotion 
and advancement of education, the cultivation and diffusion of literature, 
science, and the arts, in all their departments and formalities." 

Skc. 11. The corporation shall have jxjwer to establish a sectarian 
religious test as a conrlition of enjoying th(; honors and privileges of the 
university, provided that it shall always be conducted in conformity to 
the Refornu'd Protestant religion as taught in i\u: Holy S(:ri()tures of the 
Old and New Testaments; degrees not to be conferntd until I he corjjoration 
shall have fifteen thousand dollars in property; annual income not to 
exceed twenty thousand dollars; said university shall re[)ort annually 
to the legislature. 

Wittenberg College: 

O.L., XLIII, 375, March 11, 1845. An act to incorporate the Hoard of Directors 
of Wittenberg College;; John Hamilton and fifteitn others; degrees shall 
not be conferred until the corporation have ac(piir(;d j)roperty to the value 
of ten thousand dollars; Hoard of Directors ap[)oint(;d by the English 
Iwangelical Synod of Ohio and the Miami Syno<l. 

Farmers' College: 

O.L., XLIV, 163, February 23, 1846. An act to incorporate the l-armers' 

College of Hamilton County. Charles Cheney and fourteen others; 

stock company, shares thirty dollars. 



158 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Sec. 5. "The objects of this association shall be to direct and cultivate 
the minds of the students in a thorough and scientific course of studies, 
particularly adapted to agricultural pursuits"; real property not to exceed 
forty thousand dollars. 

Marietta Female College: 

O.L., XLV, 140, February 8, 1847. An act to incorporate the Marietta Female 
College; David C. Skinner and four others; a board of three to fifteen 
trustees; stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each, capital stock 
not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; the instruction of females in all 
the necessary and useful and ornamental branches of a thorough and 
liberal education. 

Muhlenberg College: 

O.L., XLVI, 19, January 11, 1848. An act to incorporate the Board of Directors 
of Muhlenberg College at the town of Jefferson, Harrison County. Moses 
Bartholomew and fourteen others; directors appointed by the English 
branch of the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and adjacent 
states; degrees shall not be conferred until the corporation have property 
to the value of ten thousand dollars. 

Judson' College: 

O.L., XLVI I, local, 259, February 10, 1849. An act to incorporate the Judson 
College at Jefferson, County of Harrison; transferring the rights, franchises, 
etc., of Muhlenberg College to the Board of Directors of Judson College. 

Newton College: 

O.L., XLVI, 211, February 19, 1848. An act to incorporate Nev/ton College, 
Hamilton County. Joseph Jackson and eleven others; stock company, 
shares fifty dollars; twelve trustees; "to direct and cultivate the minds of 
the students thoroughly in literary, classical and scientific studies for a 
regular course, and studies for an irregular course as the trustees may 
deem proper;" degrees shall not be conferred until the corporation have 
property to the amount of ten thousand dollars; real property not to 
exceed two hundred thousand dollars. 

Edinburgh College: 

O.L., XLVI, 220, February 21, 1848. An act to incorporate the Edinburgh 
College. George Hackett and sixteen others. 

Sec. 5. The said college shall afford instruction in the liberal arts 
and sciences usually taught in colleges, and shall be allowed to have an 
academical department, etc.; the corporation shall not confer degrees until 
it have obtained property to the amount of ten thousand dollars. 

Mt. Washington College: 

O.L., XLVI I, 236, February 21, 1849. An act to incorporate the Mt. Washing- 
ton College in Hamilton County; Thomas H. Whetstone and eight others; 



APPENDIX A 159 

stock company, shares fifty dollars each; eight trustees; property not to 
exceed two hundred thousand dollars; "to direct and cultivate the minds 
of the students thoroughly in literary, classical and scientific studies for a 
regular course" and also an irregular course as the trustees shall decide; 
corporation shall not grant degrees until the college shall have obtained 
property to the amount of ten thousand dollars. 

Otierbein University: 

O.L., XLVII, 257, February 13, 1849. An act to incorporate the Otterbein 
University of Ohio. Louis Davis and two others named of the Scioto 
Annual Conference of the Church of the United Brethren of Christ, and 
Jacob Barger and two others named of the Sandusky Annual Conference 
of the South Church; power to confer degrees; location — Westerville; the 
corporation shall afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences usually 
taught in colleges, and be allowed to have an academical department; 
they may use funds in the erection of buildings, purchase of lots, mechani- 
cal implements wherewith to maintain the manual labor connected with 
said university; no part of the property to be used for banking; honors 
and degrees shall not be conferred until the corporation have property to 
the amount of ten thousand dollars. 

Capital University: 

O.L., XLVIII, 619, March 2, 1850. An act to incorporate the Capital Univer- 
sity. James Manning and thirty others; purpose — the promotion of 
religion, morality and learning; trustees to be chosen by the Synod of the 
Evangelical Lutheran Church, and by the Board of Trustees created by 
the act of incorporation. 

Cambridge College: 

O.L., XLVIII, 621, March 22, 1850. An act to incorporate the Cambridge Col- 
lege. John Fordyce and eight others are created a body politic to be styled 
"the Trustees of the Cambridge College of the Methodist Protestant 
Church"; vacancies in the board to be filled by the Muskingum Annual 
Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church and one member of the 
Conference shall annually attend the meetings of the Board; purpose — 
the instruction of students in the arts and sciences, in the learned profes- 
sions, and all branches of learning as are usually taught in the colleges of 
the country; "the college shall be conducted on the most liberal principles 
and open alike to all religious denominations and to the community in 
general." 

Geneva Hall: 

O.L., XLVIII, 622, March 7, 1850. An act to incorporate the Geneva Hall. 
J. B. Johnston and ten others; seven trustees; stock company, shares fifty 
dollars each; location — Northwood, Logan County; capital stock not to 
exceed fifty thousand dollars; the promotion of learning, morality and 
religion; power to establish a literary and theological department, the 



160 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

theological department to be known by the name of "The Theological 
Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church." 

Urbana University: 

O.L., XLVIII, 624, March 7, 1850. An act to incorporate the Urbana Univer- 
sity; a board of twelve trustees; Milo G. Williams and eleven others; 
purpose — to encourage and promote the diffusion of knowledge in all the 
branches of academic and scientific, and exegetic instruction, and to 
combine therewith instruction in the productive arts and practice of 
rural economy; power to confer degrees; to be under the management of 
persons recognized as belonging to the New Church. 

ACTS CONCERNING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION 
MEDICAL EDUCATION 

O.L., IX, 19, January 14, 1811. An act regulating the practice of Physic and 

Surgery. Five medical districts created, three medical examiners in 

each to license applicants. 
O.L., X, 58, February 8, 1812. An act to incorporate a Medical Society. Seven 

medical districts. Power to appoint examining committees. Practicing 

without license $5.00 to $100.00 penalty for each offense. 
O.L., XI, 28, January 18, 1813. An act regulating the practice of physic and 

surgery. 
O.L., XV, 195, January 28, 1817. An act regulating the practice of physic and 

surgery. 
O.L., XVI, 105, January 30, 1818. Amendatory. Allowing any person who has 

received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from any medical school in the 

U. S. to receive license without examination. 

Medical College of Ohio: 

O.L., XVII, 37, January 19, 1819. An act to authorize the establishment of a 

medical college. Name: Medical College of Ohio. Location: Cincinnati. 

Professorships: Practice of Medicine, Anatomy, Surgery, Materia Medica, 

Obstetrics, etc., and Chemistry and Pharmacy. 
O.L., XVIII, 43, December 30, 1819. Amendatory. Two-thirds of faculty 

necessary to create or abolish professorships. 
O.L., XIX, 28, January 15, 1821. An act regulating the practice of Physic and 

Surgery. Creating the Medical Convention of Ohio, which may select 

annually two medical students destitute of means and recommend to the 

Medical College whose duty it shall be to extend to them gratuitously all 

its advantages. 
O.L., XIX, 58, January 22, 1821. An act establishing a Commercial Hospital 

and Lunatic Asylum for the State of Ohio. Location: Cincinnati. 

Faculty of Medical College to give medical and surgical advice. Students 

may witness treatment of patients. 



APPENDIX A 161 

O.L., XXI, 4, December 13, 1822. Amendatory. Medical College of Ohio. 

Corporate powers vested in a Board of Trustees instead of the faculty. 

Trustees appointed by the General Assembly. 
O.L., XXII, 142, February 26, 1824. An act to incorporate Medical Societies, 

etc. 
O.L., XXIII, 16, January 28, 1825. Amendatory to the preceding. 
O.L., XXIII, 19, February 15, 1825. An act for the better regulation of the 

Medical College of Ohio. Making certain appropriations, etc. 
O.L., XXIV, 4, December 31, 1825. An act to incorporate the Medical College 

of Ohio and to revise and repeal all existing laws concerning it. 
O.L., XXXI, 269, February 25, 1833. Resolution. Free tuition in Medical 

College to one indigent student from each medical district in the state, 

on appointment of the censors. 
O.L., XXXI, 272, February 25, 1833. Resolution. Governor to appoint a 

committee of five to inspect and report on the condition, etc., of the 

Medical College of Ohio. 
O.L., XXXVI, 37, March 7, 1838. An act for the relief of the Medical College 

of Ohio. Appropriating $1,500.00. 

Cincinnati Medical Academy: 

O.L., XXVI, 54, January 18, 1828. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Medi- 
cal Academy. Benjamin Piatt and ten others. 

O.L., XXIX, 66, January 31, 1831. Amendatory. The Medical College of 
Ohio. Appropriating one-fourth of the money arising from taxes on 
auction sales in Hamilton County for a five year period to the Medical 
College, not to exceed $30,000.00. 

Ohio Medical Lyceum: 

O.L., XXXI, 207, February 22, 1833. An act to incorporate the Ohio Medical 
Lyceum in the city of Cincinnati. 

Medina Medical Lyceum: 

O.L., XXXII, 9, December 24, 1833. An act to incorporate the Medina Medical 
Lyceum. 

Lebanon Medical Society: 

O.L., XXXVI, 347, March 16, 1838. An act to incorporate the Lebanon Medical 
Society. 

Literary and Botanico Medical College of the State of Ohio: 

O.L., XXXVII, 208, March 8, 1839. An act to incorporate the Directors of 
the Literary and Botanico Medical College of the State of Ohio. 

O.L., XXXIX, 161, March 29, 1841. Amendatory. Locating the above cor- 
poration in Cincinnati during the continuation of the charter. 

Eaton Medical Society: 

O.L., XL, 83, March 3, 1842. An act to incorporate the Eaton Medical Society. 



162 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Morgan County Medical Society: 

O.L., XLI, 145, March 10, 1843. An act to incorporate the Morgan County- 
Medical Society. 

Dudley Medical University: 

O.L., XLII, 179, March 12, 1844. An act to incorporate the Dudley Medical 
University of Wadsworth. 

Summit County Medical Society: 

O.L., XLII, 183, March 12, 1844. An act to incorporate the Summit County 
Medical Society. 

College of Dental Surgery: 

O.L., XLIII, 32, January 21, 1845. An act to authorize the establishment of a 
College of Dental Surgery. Location: Cincinnati. 

Medical Institute of Cincinnati: 

O.L., XLIII, 357, March 10, 1845. An act to incorporate the Medical Institute 

of Cincinnati. Name Eclectic Institute. At least five professors. 
O.L., XVII, 264, March 8, 1849. Amendatory. Increasing capital stock of 

preceding institution to $60,000.00. 

Starling Medical College: 

O.L., XLVI, 31, January 28, 1848. An act to incorporate the Starling Medical 

College in the City of Columbus. Lyne Starling gives $30,000.00 for 

support. 

Medical and Surgical Society of the County of Ashland: 

O.L., XLVI, 76, February 4, 1848. An act to incorporate the Medical and Sur- 
gical Society of the County of Ashland. 

Stale Medical Society of Ohio: 

O.L., XLVI, 231, February 22, 1848. An act to incorporate the State Medical 
Society of Ohio. 

Cincinnati Medical Institute: 

O.L., XLVII, 264, February 23, 1849. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati 
Medical Institute. 

Darke County Medical Society: 

O.L., XLVII, 274, March 18, 1849. An act to incorporate the Darke County 
Medical Society. 

Western College of Homeopathic Medicine: 

O.L., XLVIII, 629, March 1, 1850. An act to incorporate the Western College 
of Homeopathic Medicine. 

Cincinnati College of Pharmacy: 

O.L., XLVIII, 634, March 23, 1850. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati 
College of Pharmacy. 



APPENDIX A 163 

LEGAL EDUCATION 

O.L., XVII, 92, January 28, 1819. Amendatory. An act to regulate the admis- 
sion and practice of attorneys, etc. Candidates must have studied law 
attentively two years prior to application. 

Cincinnati College: 

O.L., XLIV, 157, February 21, 1846. Amendatory. Certificate from the law 
department of Cincinnati College shall entitle to admission to the bar. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES, 
DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS 

EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES 

Education of the deaf and dumb: 

O.L., XX, 49, February 2, 1822. An act to amend an act concerning the safe- 
keeping of idiots, etc. Court of Common Pleas may appoint guardians 
of deaf and dumb persons. Guardians shall teach. If unable to do so 
County Commissioners may appropriate money for the purpose. All 
deaf and dumb persons to be listed in townships and be reported to the 
State Auditor. 

O.L., XXI, 5, December 28, 1822. An act to ascertain the number of deaf and 
dumb persons in this state. 

O.L., XXV, 87, January 30, 1827. An act to establish an asylum for the deaf 
and dumb persons. Eight trustees. Income not to exceed $30,000.00 
Shall be forever under the control of the General Assembly. 

O.L., XXVI, 4, January 16, 1828. Amendatory. Adds three trustees. Appro- 
priation, $376.76. 

O.L., XXVII, 63, January 28, 1829. An act to provide further for the establish- 
ment of the asylum. Authorizes opening in October 1829, at Columbus. 

O.L., XXV, 113, January 9, 1827. Resolution. Instructing Senators and 
Representatives in Congress to try to obtain from Congress a grant equal 
to one township to aid in the education of the deaf and dumb in this state. 

O.L., XXVI, 178, January 29, 1828. Resolution. Renewing preceding effort. 

O.L., XXVII, 171, January 21, 1829. Resolution. Locating asylum at Colum- 
bus. Authorizing receiving donation of land or purchasing land for a 
site. 

O.L., XXVIII, 30, February 18, 1830. Amendatory. Twelve trustees; $1,000.00 
appropriation. Provisions for indigent students. 

O.L., XXIX, 427, March 3, 1831. An act to establish an Asylum for the educa- 
tion of deaf and dumb persons and repealing all existing laws on that 
subject. 

O.L., XXIX, 246, March 10, 1831. Resolution. Appropriating $1,600.00. 

O.L., XXX, 20, February 13, 1832. Amendatory. One-fourth of all moneys 
arising from auction sales and licenses in Hamilton Co. appropriated to 
the use of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

O.L., XXX, 318, February 11, 1832. Resolution. Appropriating $1,500.00. 

O.L., XXX, 336, January 5, 1832. Memorial. Asking Congress for a grant of 
a township of land for the use of the asylum. 



164 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXXI, 24, February 25, 1833. Amendatory. Three indigent pupils to 
be admitted from each judicial circuit in the state. 

O.L., XXXI, 237, February 25, 1833. Resolution. Appropriating $1,500.00. 

O.L., XXXII, 39, March 3, 1834. Amendatory. Provision for educating all 
indigent deaf and dumb persons between ages of 12 and 20. Appropria- 
tion, $2,213.10. 

O.L., XXXII, 427, March 3, 1834. Appropriation, $2,000.00. 

O.L., XXXIII, 435, March 9, 1835. Appropriation, $3,000.00. 

From this time on appropriations are usually made annually until 
1846. From 1846 on regular budget appropriations are made. 

O.L., XLIII, 434, January 11, 1845. Resolution. Urging Congress to grant a 
portion of the public domain for institutions for the education of the deaf 
and dumb or the blind, in states where such institutions may be estab- 
lished. 

O.L., XLIV, 111, March 2, 1846. Amendatory. Salary of the Supt. to be 
$1,000.00. Six trustees to be appointed by the Gen. Assembly. 

Education of the blind: 

O.L., IX, 68, January 29, 1811. An act for the relief of David Phouts. Appro- 
priating $150.00 annually for the relief of five children born blind. 

O.L., X, 68, February 11, 1812. Repealing preceding act. 

O.L., XVII, 7, December 23, 1818. An act for the relief of John Twaddle. 
County Commissioners of Jefferson County authorized to make an annual 
allowance. Nine children, six born blind. 

O.L., XXXIII, 453, March 5, 1835. Resolution. Census of the blind 

O.L., XXXIV, 648, March 11, 1836. Resolution. Three trustees appointed to 
gather information concerning the instruction of the blind and probable 
cost of commencing a school. 

O.L., XXXV, 116, April 13, 1837. An act making provision for the instruction 
of the blind. Three trustees. Ohio Institution for the Instruction of 
the Blind. Provisions for site and buildings at or near Columbus. Author- 
izing $15,000.00 for building; provision for apparatus. 

O.L., XXXV, 559, April 1, 1837. Resolution. Extending thanks to Dr. Howe 
for his work in behalf of the blind. 

O.L., XXXVI, 49, March 10, 1838. An act making further provisions for the 
instruction of the blind. Authorizing completion of the building, receiving 
students from other states, giving free instruction to 12 indigent students, 
etc. 

O.L., XLI, 57, March 11, 1843. Amendatory. Extending privileges to indigent 
students. 

O.L., XLII, 21, January 27, 1844. An act reducing salaries. Superintendents 
of Blind Asylum not to exceed $700.00. Superintendent of Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum not to exceed $600.00. 

O.L., XLII, 253, February 3, 1844. Resolution. Authorizing employment of 
oculist by the asylum. 

O.L., XLII, 270, March 12, 1844. Resolution. Authorizing $150.00 for philo- 
sophical apparatus for the pupils. 



APPENDIX A 165 

O.L., XLIV, 111, March 2, 1846. Amendatory. Salaries of Superintendents of 
Asylums for the Blind and Deaf and Dumb to be $1,000.00 each. Repeal- 
in? acts for support of pupils in these institutions. 

EDUCATION OF DEPENDENTS 

Individuals: 

O.L., XVIII, 66, February 26, 1820. An act for the relief of an orphan Indian 
child. 

O.L., XIX, 144, February 2, 1821. Repealing the preceding act. 

O.L., XXI, 39, January 25, 1823. An act for the relief and benefit of an Indian 
orphan child. Mother killed by a citizen of the state; $25.00 annually 
appropriated for education and maintenance until age of 12 years. 

Apprentices and servants: 

O.L., IV, 72, January 27, 1806. An act concerning apprentices and servants. 
Children bound out must be taught to read and write. 

O.L., XXII, 381, February 23, 1824. An act concerning apprentices and ser- 
vants. Arithmetic to the rule of three added to the preceding require- 
ments. A new Bible and two suits of clothes to be furnished at the end 
of the period of service. 

Orphan asylums, etc.: 

O.L., XXXI, 52, January 25, 1833. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati 

Orphan Asylum. 
O.L., XXXII, 216, February 27, 1834. An act to provide a fund for the relief 

of the widows and children of the clergy of the Protestant Episcopal 

Church in Ohio. 
O.L., XXXV, 201, March 13, 1837. An act to incorporate the Stark County 

Orphans' Institute. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 87, March 3, 1840. Repealing the preceding act. The cor- 
poration had assumed banking privileges. 
O.L., XXXV, 513, April 3, 1837. An act to incorporate the Cleveland Female 

Orphan Asylum. Lowry Willy and 11 other women incorporators. 
O.L., XXXVI, 185, March 5, 1838. An act to incorporate the Columbus Female 

Benevolent Society. Mary Cressy and six other women. 
O.L., XLI, 112, March 2, 1843. An act to incorporate the St. Aloysius Orphan 

Asylum of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XLII, 172, March 12, 1844. An act to incorporate the Dayton Female 

Association for the benefit of orphans. 
O.L., XLIII, 101, February 18, 1845. An act to incorporate the trustees of the 

New Orphans' Asylum of Colored Children of Cincinnati. 

EDUCATION OF DELINQUENTS 

O.L., XLI, 74, March 13, 1843. An act for the regulation of county jails. Each 
inmate shall be furnished with a Bible. Sheriff shall keep a record of 
means furnished prisoners of literary, moral and religious instruction. 



166 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XLIII, 446, March 6, 1845. Resolution. Directors of Ohio Penitentiary 
authorized to employ a suitable person as a religious and moral instructor. 

O.L., XLIII, 393, March 12, 1845. An act to authorize the City of Cincinnati 
to erect a House of Correction. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF TEACHERS 

O.L., XXX, 232, February 13, 1832. An act to incorporate the Western Aca- 
demic Institute and Board of Education. Elijah Slack and 14 others. 

O.L., XXXII, 217, February 27, 1834. An act to incorporate the Teachers' 
Institute. For instructing professional school teachers. Lyman Beecher 
and eight others. Board shall report annually to the Secretary of the 
State of Ohio. 

O.L., XXXI, 18, December 17, 1832. An act to incorporate the Marietta Col- 
legiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary. 

O.L., XXXI, 193, February 19, 1833. An act to incorporate the Wayne County, 
Ohio, Teachers' Association. 

O.L., XXXV, 417, April 1, 1837. An act to incorporate The Teachers' Institute 
at Fair Mound, in Licking County. 

O.L., XXXVIII, 192, March 23, 1840. An act to incorporate The American 
Lyceum of Education in the City of Cincinnati. A model school and one 
in which experiments may be made to be one feature. 

O.L., XLV, 67, February 8, 1847. An act to incorporate Teachers' Institutes. 
Act in force only in the Counties of Ashtabula, Lake, Geauga, Cuyahoga, 
Erie, Lorain, Medina, Trumbull, Portage, Summit and Delaware. 

O.L., XLVII, 261, February 15, 1849. An act to incorporate the Farmington 
Normal School in the County of Trumbull. Edwin Loveland and eight 
others. Citizens raised $2,575.00 for school. Site donated. 

ACTS CONCERNING SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES 

Libraries: 

O.L., III, 288, February 21, 1805. Dayton Library Society. 

O.L., V, 62, January 26, 1806. Library society to be known as "Granville 

Alexandrian Society," in the town of Granville, in the County of Licking. 

(Repealed later for banking activities.) 
O.L., VI, 127, February 10, 1808. New Town Library Company, in the County 

of Hamilton. 
O.L., VIII, 141, February 19, 1810. Western Library Association. 
O.L., VIII, 197, February 19, 1810. Poland Library Society. 
O.L., VIII, 251, February 19, 1810. Washington Social Library Company. 
O.L., X, 5, December 17, 1811. Wooster Library Society. 
O.L., X, 14, December 23, 1811. Lebanon Library Society. 
O.L., X, 178, February 20, 1812. Platonic Library Society, in the towns of 

Sunbury and Berkshire in Delaware County. 
O L., XI, 14, January 2, 1813. Circulating Library Society of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XII, 55, January 18, 1814. Boardman Library Society, in the County of 

Trumbull. 
O.L., XII, 61, January 19, 1814. Troy Library Society. 



APPENDIX A 167 

O.L., XII, 147, February 10, 1814. Euclid Library Society, in the County of 

Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XIII, 11, December 22, 1814. Circulating Library Society of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XIII, 14, December 22, 1814. Village Library Society of Burton, in the 

County of Geauga. 
O.L., XIII, 75, January 13, 1815. Eaton Library Society, in the County of 

Preble. 
O.L., XIII, 285, February 16, 1815. Northern Social Library Company of 

Harpersfield. 
O.L., XIV, 6, December 16, 1815. Waynesville Library Company. 
O.L., XIV, 256, February 20, 1816. Fearing Library Society, in the County of 

Washington. 
O.L., XIV, 263, February 21, 1816. Social Library Company of Salem, in the 

County of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XVII, 154, February 8, 1819. Amendatory. Circulating Library Com- 
pany of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XX, 36, February 1, 1822. Amendatory. Social Library Company of 

Salem. 
O.L., XXII, 36, January 20, 1824. Relating to State Library. 
Sec. 1. Librarian, $200 per year. 
Sec. 2. Bond of $2,000. 

Sec. 3. Librarian shall give receipt for all books, etc., to the treasurer 
of the state. 

Sec. 4. Three hundred and fifty dollars appropriated annually for 
purchase of "useful books" and maps. 

Sec. 5. List of books needed may be submitted by members, judges, 
etc. 

Sec. 6. Covering resignation of librarian. 
Sec. 7. Provision for necessary furniture. 
O.L., XXIII, 3, December 29, 1824. Elizabethtown Social Library Society, In 

the County of Hamilton. 
O.L., XXIII, 101, January 28, 1825. Social Library of Kendal, in the County 

of Stark. 
O.L., XXIII, 76, February 7, 1825. Windham Library Society, in the County 

of Portage. 
O.L., XXIV, 5, December 23, 1825. Frederickstown Library Society, in the 

County of Knox. 
O.L., XXIV, 24, January 17, 1826. Preble County Library Society. 
O.L., XXIV, 35, January 24, 1826. Bloomfield Social Library Society, in the 

County of Trumbull. 
O.L., XXIV, 81, February 4, 1826. Social Library Society, in the town of 

Fairfield, County of Columbiana. 
O.L., XXIV, 85, February 7, 1826. Eldridge Library Association, in the County 

of Huron. 
O.L., XXV, 8, December 15, 1826. Franklin Library Company of Little Sandy. 
O.L,, XXV, 3, January 9, 1827. Dayton Library. 

O.L., XXV, 57, January 6, 1827. Buffalo Library Society, in the Counties of 
Guernsey, Morgan and Muskingum, 



168 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXV, 56, January 23, 1827. Columbia Library Society, in the County of 

Lorain. 
O.L., XXV, 42, January 26, 1827. Brookficld Social Library Society of the 

County of Morgan. 
O.L., XXV, 55, January 26, 1827. Harmony Library Society, in the County of 

Fayette. 
O.L., XXVI, 3, December 14, 1827. Newburgh Library Society, in the County 

of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XXVI, 4, December 18, 1827. Liberty Library Society, in the County 

of Butler. 
G.L., XXVI, 26, January 1, 1828. Hubbard Library Company, in the County 

of Trumbull. 
O.L., XXVI, 41, January 16, 1828. Union Library Society of Lexington. 
O.L., XXVI, 119, January 21, 1828. Yellow Spring Library Society, of the 

County of Greene. 
O.L., XXVI, 107, January 29, 1828. Lorain County Library Society. 
O.L., XXVI, 106, February 11, 1828. The Hartford Library Society, in the 

County of Trumbull. 
O.L,, XXVI, 161, January 29, 1828. Monroe Traveling and Circulating Library 

Society. 
O.L., XXVII, 5, December 22, 1828. Social Library Company of Madison, in 

the County of Geauga. 
O.L., XXVII, 10, December 24, 1828. Amendatory. Frederickstown Library 

Society. 
O.L., XXVII, 10, December 29, 1828. Social Library of Greene, in County of 

Trumbull. 
O.L., XXVII, 14, December 29, 1828. The Chester Library Association, in the 

County of Geauga. 
O.L., XXVII, 21, January 5, 1829. Sunbury Library Association, in the County 

of Delaware. 
O.L., XXVII, 63, January 30, 1829. Olive Social Library Society, of the County 

of Morgan. 
O.L., XXVII, 95, February 9, 1829. Nelson Library Society. 
O.L., XXVII, 96, February 9, 1829. Barlow Library Society, in the County 

of Washington. 
O.L., XXVII, 103, February 9, 1829. Granville Library, in the County of 

Licking. 
O.L., XXVII, February 2, 1829. Lyme and Ridgefield Circulating Library 

Society, in the County of Huron. 
O.L., XXVII, 127, February 11, 1829. Madison Library Association, in the 

County of Hamilton. 

Sec. 2. Milford Circulating Library Society declared a body politic. 
O.L., XXVII, 139, February 11, 1829. Vernon Library Association, in the 

County of Scioto. 
O.L., XXVIII, 8, December 31, 1829. Venice Library Society, in Butler County. 
O.L., XXVIII, 22, January 12, 1830. Bricksville Columbian Library Society, 

in the County of Cuyahoga. 



APPENDIX A 169 

O.L., XXVIII, 23, January 12, 1830. Dresden Library Association in the County 

of Muskingum. 
O.L., XXVIII, 46, January 21, 1830. Windsor Library Society, in the County 

of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XXVIII, 62, February 2, 1830. Mesopotamia Social Library Company, 

in the County of Trumbull. 
O.L., XXVIII, 70, February 9, 1830. Marietta Library. 
O.L., XXVIII, 164, February 22, 1830. Newbury Social Library Society, in 

the County of Geauga. 
O.L., XXIX, 11, December 21, 1830. Dover Library Association, in the County 

of Athens. 
O.L., XXIX, 18, December 27, 1830. Ashtabula Social Library Association. 
O.L., XXIX, 25, December 21, 1830. Williamsburg Library Society, in the 

County of Clermont. 
O.L., XXIX, 41, January 6, 1831. Social Circulating Library Association, in 

village of Waverly, County of Pike. 
O.L., XXIX, 49, January 17, 1831. Hamilton and Rossville Library Society, 

in the County of Butler. 
O.L., XXIX, 50, January 17, 1831. Middleberry Library Company. 
O.L., XXIX, 57, January 31, 1831. Olmsted Library Company, in the County 

of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XXIX, 67, January 31, 1831. Athens Library Society, in the County of 

Athens. 
O.L., XXIX, 83, February 7, 1831. Austinburg Social Library Association, in 

the County of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XXIX, 119, February 11, 1831. Wayne and Cherry Valley Union Library 

Association, in County of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XXIX, 142, February 24, 1831. Utica Library Society, in the County of 

Licking. 
O.L., XXIX, 179, March 2, 1831. Capitol Library Society of Columbus. 
O.L., XXX, 4, December 19, 1831. Harrisville Library Association, in the 

County of Medina. 
O.L., XXX, 60, January 31, 1832. New Paris Library Society, in County of 

Preble. 
O.L., XXX, 87, February 2, 1832. First Universalian Religious Library Society 

of Marietta. 
O.L., XXX, 133, February 7, 1832. Clarksfield Library Society, of Huron 

County. 
O.L., XXX, 134, February 7, 1832. Dark County Library Society, in the 

County of Dark. 
O.L., XXX, 244, February 11, 1832. Guernsey County Library and Reading 

Room. 
O.L., XXX, 267, February 11, 1832. Farmers' Library Company, in County 

of Seneca. 
O.L., XXX, 275, February 11, 1832. Library Society of London, in Madison 

County. 
O.L., XXX, 276, February 11, 1832. West Branch Library Association, in 

Miami County. 



170 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXX, 277, February 11, 1832. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Society 

of Berkshire, in the County of Delaware. 
O.L., XXXI, 10, December 24, 1832. Dane Law Library. 
O.L., XXXI, 31, January 15, 1833. Milford Library Association, in the County 

of Union. 
O.L., XXXI, 63, January 31, 1833. Cleveland Library Company. 
O.L., XXXI, 83, February 6, 1833. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Associa- 
tion, in Aurora, Portage County. 
O.L., XXXI, 89, February 6, 1833. Massillon Library Society. 
O.L., XXXI, 94, February 7, 1833. Eden Library Association, in County of 

Seneca. 

Sec. 1. Incorporated name, "Eden Social Library." 
O.L., XXXI, 105, February 12, 1833. Franklin Library Association of Guilford, 

in the County of Medina. 
O.L., XXXI, 132, February 19, 1833. Fitchville Library Society, in Huron 

County. 
O.L., XXXI, 159, February 19, 1833. Wadsworth Library Society, in the 

County of Medina. 
O.L., XXXI, 195, February 23, 1833. Lancaster Library Association, in County 

of Fairfield. 
O.L., XXXII, 16, December 31, 1833. Rome Library Company, in County of 

Ashtabula. 
O.L., XXXII, 51, February 3, 1834. Richfield Social Library Company, in the 

County of Medina. 
O.L., XXXII, 122, February 21, 1834. Akron Lyceum and Library Association 

Company, in Akron, Portage County. 
O.L., XXXII, 150, February 24, 1834. Harmony Library Company, in Salena 

Township, Muskingum County. 
O.L., XXXII, 177, February 25, 1834. Gustavus Centre Library Company, in 

County of Trumbull. 
O.L., XXXII, 191, February 25, 1834. Lagrange Library Association, in the 

County of Lorain. 
O.L., XXXII, 195, February 25, 1834. Cincinnati Law Library. 
O.L., XXXII, 225, February 28, 1834. Springboro Library Company, in the 

County of Warren. 
O.L., XXXII, 238, March 1, 1834. Free Discussion Library of Andover, in 

Ashtabula County. 
O.L., XXXII, 265, March 1, 1834. Montville Social Library Company, in the 

County of Geauga. 
O.L., XXXIII, 38, February 3, 1835. Penfield Library Society, in Penfield 

Township, Lorain County. 
O.L., XXXIII, 38, February 3, 1835. New Lyme Young Men's Library Society. 
O.L., XXXIII, 117, February 24, 1835. The Milford Library Association. 
O.L., XXXIII, 119, February 25, 1835. Delaware Library Association, in the 

County of Delaware. 
O.L., XXXIII, 149, February 26, 1835. Roscoe Social Library Company, in 

the County of Coshocton. 
O.L., XXXIII, 149, February 26, 1835. Hinckley Social Library Company, in 

Hinckley Township, Medina County. 



APPENDIX A 171 

O.L., XXXIII, 160, March 3, 1835. Darrtown Library Company, in the County 

of Butler. 
O.L., XXXIII, 197, March 5, 1835. Painesville Lyceum and Library Society. 
O.L., XXXIII, 305, March 7, 1835. Wellington Social Library Company, in 

Wellington Township, Lorain County. 
O.L., XXXIII, 320, March 7, 1835. Vermilion Library Company, of Huron 

County. 
O.L., XXXIII, 330, March 7, 1835. Urbana Juvenile Library. 
O.L., XXXIV, 25, January 5, 1836. Young Men's Mercantile Library Associa- 
tion of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XXXIV, 83, January 27, 1836. Bellville Library Company, in the County 

of Richland. 
O.L., XXXIV, 133, February 29, 1836. Highland Library Association. 
O.L., XXXIV, 197, March 1, 1836. Bedford Library Company, in the County 

of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XXXIV, 383, March 10, 1836. Hopewell Library Company, in Muskingum 

County 
O.L., XXXIV, 467, March 14, 1836. Westfield Library Society, in Township 

of Westfield in County of Medina. 
O.L., XXXIV, 468, March 14, 1836. Brooklyn Library Company, in Cuyahoga 

County. 
O.L., XXXIV, 468, March 14, 1836. Greensville Library Association. 
O.L., XXXIV, 488, March 14, 1836. Port Washington Lyceum and Library 

Company, in County of Tuscarawas. 
O.L., XXXIV, 488, March 14, 1836. Rutland Library Association. 
O.L., XXXV, 47, January 10, 1837, Paris Library .Association, of Richland 

County. 
O.L,, XXXV, 53, January 23, 1837. Blendon Library Society, in the County of 

Franklin. 
O.L., XXXV, 96, February 18, 1837. North Royalton Social Library Society, 

in the County of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XXXV, 104, February 27, 1837. Darby Creek Lyceum and Library 

Association, in the County of Union. 
O.L., XXXV, 119, March 2, 1837. Braceville Library Company, in the County 

of Trumbull. 
O.L., XXXV, 195, March 13, 1837. Monroe Lyceum of Natural History, and 

Library Association, in Ashtabula County. 
O.L., XXXV, 196, March 13, 1837. Ruggles Library Society, of Huron County. 
O.L., XXXV. 227, March 14, 1837. New Philadelphia Library Society. 
O.L., XXXV, 340, March 27, 1837. Sandusky City Lyceum and Library Asso- 
ciation, in the County of Huron. 
O.L., XXXV, 346, March 29, 1837. Parma Library Association, in Cuyahoga 

County. 
O.L., XXXV, 353, March 29, 1837. Creating an additional number of directors 

of the Platonic Library Society, of the County of Delaware. 
O.L., XXXV, 445, April 3, 1837. Amendatory. Young Men's Mercantile 

Library Association of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XXXV, 562, April 1, 1837. Resolution appointing a committee to select 

new works for State Library. 



172 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXXVI, 106, February 23, 1838. Granger Library Association, in County 

of Medina. 
O.L., XXXVI, 127, February 27, 1838. Lenox Library Association, in Ashtabula 

County. 
O.L., XXXVI, 270, March 13, 1838. "Young Men's Association of the City of 

Toledo." 

Skc. 1. Funds to be used only for supporting a Lyceum and Public 

Library. 
O.L., XXXVI, 378, March 17, 1838. Painesville Library Association, in County 

of Geauga. 
O.L., XXXVII, 21, January 21, 1839. McConnelsville Library and Reading 

Room Association. 
O.L., XXXVII, 84, February 28, 1839. First Universalian Religious Library 

Society of Harmar. 
O.L., XXXVII, 126, March 7, 1839. St. Mary's Library Association, in County 

of Mercer. 
O.L., XXXVII, 144, March 9, 1839. Martinsville Silliman Institute and Library 

Company. 
O.L., XXXVII, 147, March 9, 1839. Franklin Library Association, in the 

County of Mercer. 
O.L., XXXVII, 217, March 12, 1839. Elizabethtown Circulating Library 

Society, in the County of Licking. 
O.L,, XXXVII, 219, March 12, 1839. Pcrrysburgh Lyceum and Library Associa- 
tion. 
O.L., XXXVII, 257. March 16, 1839. Worthington Literati. 

Sec. 1. To establish a library and lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVII, 263, March 16, 1839. Fredonia Social Library, in the County 

of Licking. 
O.L., XXXVII, 295, March 16, 1839. Fairfield Library Association, in the 

County of Huron. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 19, January 17, 1840. Youth's Neville Library Society. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 28, January 29, 1840. Marysville Library Institute. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 29, January 29, 1840. Oxford Library Society, in the County 

of Butler. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 36, February 3, 1840. Addison Library Association, of Cham- 
paign County. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 37, February 3, 1840. Athenian Library Society, in the County 

of Warren. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 45, February 7, 1840. Portsmouth Library Company. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 71, February 18, 1840. Kalida Lyceum and Library Associa- 
tion. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 111, March 9, 1840. Burlington Library Association, in the 

County of Lawrence. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 179, March 20, 1840. Twinsburg Library Association, in the 

County of Summit. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 183, March 21, 1840. Reading Mutual Improvement and 

Library Association, in Hamilton County. 



APPENDIX A 173 

O.L., XXXVIII, 197, March 23, 1840. Repealing charter of Washington Social 

Library Company. 
O.L., XXXIX, 53, March 20, 1841. Franklin Library Association, of Carlisle 

and Elyria, in the County of Lorain. 
O.L., XXXIX, 54, March 20, 1841. Orange Library Association, in County of 

Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XXXIX, 103, March 27, 1841. Mayfield Circulating Library, in Town- 
ship of Mayfield, in County of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XXXIX, 104, March 27, 1841. Franklin Library Society of Waterford, in 

Knox County. 
O.L., XL, 5, January 5, 1842. First Moral Library Association, of Williamsfield, 

in the County of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XL, 16, January 27, 1842. Chagrin Falls Mechanics' Library Association, 

in the County of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XL, 31, February 15, 1842. Union Library Association of Richmond, in 

the County of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XL, 35, February 26, 1842. Dover Library Association, in the County of 

Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XL, 36, February 26, 1842. Donnelsvillc Library Association, in the 

County of Clark. 
O.L., XL, 85, March 5, 1842. Orwell Library and Reading Society, of Township 

of Orwell, Ashtabula County. 
O.L., XL, 113, March 7, 1842. Repealing Granville Alexandrian Society because 

of banking activities. 
O.L., XLI, 52, February 2, 1843. Badger Library Society, of Plain, in the County 

of Wood. 
O.L., XLI, 85, February 17, 1843. New Orange Library Society, of Cass, in 

Miami County. 
O.L., XLI, 91, February 28, 1843. Jefferson Library Association, of Township of 

Jefferson, in County of Ashtabula. 
O.L., XLI, 176, March 11, 1843. Mechanics' Lyceum and Library Association, 

of town of Warren, in County of Trumbull. 
O.L., XLII, 110, February 26, 1844. Champeon Library Association at Chagrin 

Falls, in the County of Cuyahoga. 
O.L., XLII, 169, March 11, 1844. Cincinnati Philosophical Library Association, 

in County of Hamilton. 
O.L., XLII, 213, March 12, 1844. Ravenna Library Association. 
O.L., XLIII, 58, March 6, 1845. Regulating the State Library. 

Sec. 1. The State Library shall be under control and management 

of board of commissioners consisting of Governor, Secretary of State, and 

State Librarian. 
O.L., XLIII, 61, February 3, 1845. Young Men's Book Association of West 

Canaan, in the County of Madison. 
O.L., XLIII, 64, February 3, 1845. German Library Association of Cincinnati. 
O.L., XLIII, 68, February 10, 1845. New Carlisle Social Library Company, in 

Clark County, and the Library Association of Harlem, Carroll County. 
O.L., XLIII, 70, February 10, 1845. Tallmadge Library Association, in County 

of Summit. 



174 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XLIII, 274, March 6, 1845. Miamisburg Library Association. 

O.L., XLIII, 311, March 8, 1845. Act for relief of creditors of Granville Alexan- 
drian Society. 

O.L., XLIII, 361, March 11, 1845. Incorporating certain literary societies: 
Sec. 4. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Association of West Lodi, 
Seneca County. 

Sec. 9. German Catholic Library Association of Cincinnati. 
Sec. 10. Donnellsville Library Association, in Clark County. 
Sec. 13. Hanover Social Library Association, in Butler County. 

O.L., XLIII, 389, March 12, 1845. Linton Library Association, of County of 
Coshocton. 

O.L., XLVI, 149, February 18, 1848. Cleveland Library Association. 

O.L., XLVIII, 632, March 22, 1850. Young Men's Catholic Association of 
Cincinnati. 

Sec. 1. A library association. 

O.L., XLVIII, 640, March 23, 1850. Warren Library Association. 

O.L., XLII, 250, December 30, 1843. Resolution. Relative to the incorporation 
of churches, religious societies, library associations, literary societies, etc. 
Bills shall be referred to the standing Committee on Corporations, of the 
House in which presented, which committee shall be instructed to retain 
the same until near the close of the session of the General Assembly, when 
they shall report one bill for the incorporation of all such churches, and 
religious societies, one for the incorporation of literary societies, library 
associations, etc. 

O.L., XLII, 260, March 6, 1844. Resolution. Whereas, By resolution of the 
General Assembly of March 13, 1843, authorizing the Secretary of State 
to furnish each college, university and scientific and literary institution 
in this state, when called for at the office of the secretary, one copy each 
(of various reports). 

Resolved, To furnish documents in the same manner to all incorporated 
library associations. 

O.L., XLIII, 70, March 11, 1845. An act to regulate literary and other societies. 

Sec. 1, That from and after the passage of this act it shall be lawful 
for any literary, scientific. Odd Fellows or other benevolent association 
within this state, to elect any number of their members, not less than 
three, to serve as trustees and one member as clerk, who shall hold their 
offices during the pleasure of the society. 

Sec. 2. Proceedings of such election to be recorded with the county 
recorder. 

Sec. 3. Trustees shall have perpetual succession and shall possess the 
powers and privileges, and be subject to the restrictions imposed under 
the act entitled "An act to regulate incorporated literary societies," etc., 
passed March 7, 1831. 

Athenaeums, lyceums, literary societies, etc.: 

O.L., XXVII, 6, December 22, 1828. Zanesville Athenaeum. 

"Funds not to be employed for any other than literary purposes, the 
purchase of books, maps, charts, pamphlets and newspapers." 



APPENDIX A 175 

O.L., XXIX, 126, February 14, 1831. Cincinnati Lyceum. 

Morgan Neville, named with 11 others, including Salmon P. Chase. 
Sec. 1. "with their associates who have united together for the purpose 

of promoting the diffusion of useful knowledge among all classes of the 

community." 

Sec. 3. "with power to establish such schools, classes and professor- 
ships, and appoint such professors, lecturers, and teachers therein as to 

them shall seem expedient." 
O.L., XXX, 229, February 13, 1832. Steubenville Athenaeum. 
O.L., XXXI, 58, January 29, 1833. Mount Vernon Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXI, 81, January 29, 1833. Cincinnati Literary Society. 
O.L., XXXI, 92, February 6, 1833. McConnelsville Athenaeum. 
O.L., XXXI, 117, February 13, 1833. Cleveland Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXI, 227, February 25, 1833. Urbana Athenaeum. 
O.L., XXXI, 234, February 25, 1833. Xenia Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXII, 8 December 24, 1833. Medina County Athenaeum. 
O.L., XXXII, 31, February 3, 1834. Young Men's Reading and Literary Society 

of Morgan, Ashtabula County. 
O.L., XXXII, 105, February 20, 1834. Springfield Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXII, 140, February 24, 1834. Elyria Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXII, 150, February 24, 1834. Guilford Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXII, 165, February 24, 1834. Chillicothe Lyceum and Mechanics' 

Institute. 
O.L., XXXII, 217, February 27, 1834. Zanesville Juvenile Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXII, 234, February 28, 1834. Circleville Athenaeum. 
O.L., XXXIII, 77, P'cbruary 17, 1835. Sidney Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXIII, 148, February 26, 1835. Gallipolis Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXIII, 396, March 9, 1835. Cuyahoga Falls Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXIII, 411, March 9, 1835. Peru (Delaware County) Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXIV, 190, February 29, 1836. The Wellsville Literary Institute. 
O.L., XXXIV, 191, March 1, 1836. Bedford Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXIV, 546, March 14, 1836. Brooklyn Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXV, 22, January 3, 1837. Putnam Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXV, 49, January 23, 1837. New Lisbon Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXV, 167, March 10, 1837. Columbus Literary and Scientific Institute. 
O.L., XXXV, 336, March 23, 1837. Litchfield Lyceum and Society. 
O.L., XXXV, 405, April 1, 1837. Stark County Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVI, 39, January 26, 1838. Newark Athenaeum. 
O.L., XXXVI, 187, March 5, 1838. The Literary, Historical and Philosophical 

Society of Canton, Stark County. 
O.L., XXXVI, 270, March 13, 1838. Canal Dover Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVII, 13, January 9, 1839. Johnstown Lyceum, Licking County. 
O.L., XXXVII, 18, January 11, 1839. Rockport Lyceum, Cuyahoga County, 
O.L., XXXVII, 168, March 12, 1839. Woodsfield Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVII, 190, March 12, 1839. Conneaut Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVII, 294, March 16, 1839. Malta Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 6, December 23, 1839. Airington Lyceum. 
O.L., XXXVIII, 19, January 17, 1840. Ilarmer Lyceum. 



176 HISTORY Ol- KDUCATIONAI. LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L 



O.L. 

O.L, 
O.L, 
O.L, 
O.L. 
O.L, 
O.L, 
O.L, 

O.L, 
O.L, 
O.L. 
O.L, 

O.L, 
O.L, 
O.L. 
O.L. 
O.L. 
O.L. 
O.L. 

O.L. 
O.L. 



XXXVIII, M), January 29, 1840. The Literary and Philosophical Society, 
SinilhfM'id, Jefforson ('oiinty. 

XXXVIII, 16.3, March 19, 1840. I-Vanklin Literary Society of Bcliville, 
Richland County. 

XXXIX, 7, January 26, 1841. Ridgevillc Lyceum, Lorain County. 
XXXIX, 9, January 28, 1841. Massillon Lyceum, Stark County. 
XXXIX, 27, March 11, 1841. Jamestown Literary Society. 
XXXIX, .S2, March 20, 1841. Columbus Literary Lyceum. 
XXXIX, 52, March 20, 1841. Heaver Lyceum. 

XXXIX, .S3, March 20, 1841. I'lankiin Institute, Portsmouth. 

XXXIX, 5.3, March 20, 1841. Lower Sandusky .Literary and Scientific 
Institute. 

XL, 121, March 8, 1842. Findlay Literary Lyceum. 

XL, 123, March 7, 1842. Wilkesville Lyceum, Gallia County. 

XLI, 9, January 10, 1843. Berlin Union .Society, Holmes County. 

XI. I, 14, January 10, 1843. Youn^ Men's Literary Association of Spring- 
field. 

XLI, 15, January 11, 1843. Defiance Literary Lyceum. 

XLI, 52, I'ebruary 2, 1843. Wayne Township Lyceum, Jefferson County. 

XLI, 86, I-'ebruary 17, 1843. Alex.indria Literary .Society. 

XLI, 175, March 11, 1843. Massillon Young Men's Polemic Society. 

XLII, 102, February 24, 1844. Erodelphian Society of Gallipolis. 

XLII, 112, March 4, 1844. Institute of Lower Sandusky. 

XLIII, 361, March 11, 1845. Newcomerstown Literary Society. Corwin 
Lilenuy Instil lit e, .S])ringboro, Warren County. 

XI.VIII, 635, March 21, 1850. Western Liberal Institute, Marietta. 

XLVIII, 640, March 23, 18,50. Mt. Pleasant Philomathean Society, 
Kingston Township, Ross County. 



Mechanics' institutes and lyceums: 

O.L., XXVII, 92, February 29, 1829. The Ohio Mechanics' Institute. 

Siic. 1. "for advancing the best interests of the mechanics, manufac- 
turers and artizans, by the more general diffusion of useful knowledge in 
these important clas.ses of the community." 

Skc. 2. May establish professorships and appoint such professors, 
lecturers and teachers, etc. 

O.L., XXXV, 339, March 27, 1837. Mechanics' Institute, Lebanon, Warren 
County. 

O.L., XXXVI, 365, March 16, 1838. First Mechanics' Lyceum of Marietta. 

O.L., XXXVII, 135, March 9, 1839. Dayton Mechanics' In.stitute. 

O.L., XXXVIII, 139, March 16, 1840. Farmers' and Mechanics' Institute, 
Greene Township, Hamilton County. 

O.L., XL, 16, January 27, 1842. Mechanics' Institute, Urbana. 

O.L., XL, 121, March 7, 1842. Ratavia Mechanics' Institute. 

O.L., XL, 122, March 7, 1842. Portsmouth Mechanics' Institute and Mechanics' 
Library Association. 

O.L., XLI, 226, March 13, 1843. Mechanics' Association of Fulton. 



APPENDIX A 177 

College societies, fraternities, etc.: 

O.L., XXIX, 74, February 29, 1831. Erodclphian Society of Miami University. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 



O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 
O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 
O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 

O.L. 
O.L. 
O.L. 



XXIX, 196, March 8, 1831. Philomathcsian Society of Kenyon College. 

XXXI, 65, January 31, 1833. Nu Pi Kappa .Society of Kenyon College. 

XXXII, 105, F^ebruary 20, 1834. Phylozetian Society of Western Reserve 
College. 

XXXII, 193, February 25, 1834. Philosophic Literary .Society of Franklin 
College. 

XXXIV, 289, March 7, 1836. Jefferson Literary Society of Franklin 
College. 

XXXIV, 381, March 10, 1836. The Calliopean Society of the Granville 
Literary and Theological Institution. 

XXXV, 3, December 19, 1836. Franklin Scientific and Rhetorical Society 
of Western Reserve College. 

XXXV, 5, December 19, 1836. Athenian Literary Society, Ohio Univer- 
sity. 

XXXVI, 15, January 5, 1838. Rush Medical Society of Willoughby 
University of Lake lirie. 

XXXVI, 186, March 5, 1838. Adelphic Society of Western Reserve 
College. 

XXXVII, 146, March 9, 1839. Philomathean Society of the Ohio Univer- 
sity. 

XXXVIII, 78, February 26, 1840. Alpha Kappa Society of Marietta 
College. 

XXXVIII, 104, March 6, 1840. Miami Society of Miami University. 

XXXVIII, 125, March 12, 1840. Union Literary Society of Miami Uni- 
versity. 

XXXIX, 4, December 24, 1840. Phi Delta Society of Western Reserve 
College. 

XXXFX, 44, March 20, 1841. Psi Gamma Society of Marietta College. 

XL, 23, February 4, 1842. Philomathean Literary Society of Monroe 
Academy. 

XL, 122, March 7, 1842. Amendatory. Philozethian Society, Western 
Reserve College. 

XLI, 30, January 19, 1843. Young Men's Franklin Society of Granville 
College. 

XLI, 125, March 7, 1843. Miami Union Literary Society of Miami Uni- 
versity. 

XLI, 220, March 13, 1843. Amendatory. Young Men's Franklin Society, 
to P'ranklin .Society of Granville College. 

XLI I, 102, February 24, 1844. Amendatory. Calliopean Society Gran- 
ville Literary and Theological Institution. 

XLI I, 102, February 24, 1844. Oberlin Young Men's Lyceum. 

XLII, 102, February 24, 1844. Handel Society of Western Reserve College. 

XLIII, 130, February 25, 1845. Hunterian .Society, Medical Department 
Western Reserve College. 



Miscellaneous organizations and societies: 

O.L., XX, 47, February 1, 1822. Historical Society of Ohio. 



178 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

O.L., XXVI, 30, January 11, 1828. Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts. 

O.L., XXVIII, 179, February 22, 1830. Lancaster Harmonic Society. 

O.L., XXIX, 122, February 11, 1831. Amendatory. Cincinnati Academy of 
Fine Arts. 

O.L., XXIX, 122, February 11, 1831. Historical and Philosophical Society of 
Ohio. 

O.L., XXXIII, 161, March 3, 1835. Eclectic Academy of Music, Cincinnati. 

O.L,, XXXIX, 50, March 20, 1841. Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts. 

O.L., XLI, 174, March 11, 1843. New Paris Musical Institute. 

O.L., XXXIV, 110, February 5, 1836. The Western Academy of Natural 
Sciences, Cincinnati. 

O.L., XXXVIII, 138, March 16, 1840. Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences. 

O.L., XLII, 122, March 4, 1844. Cincinnati Astronomical Society. 

O.L., XLVII, 256, February 7, 1849. Ohio Institute of Natural Science, Cin- 
cinnati. 

O.L., XLI, 114, March 2, 1843. Columbian Association of Cincinnati (for dif- 
fusion of useful knowledge). 

O.L., XLVI, 228, February 22, 1848. Western Art Union. 

O.L., XLVII, 267, March 8, 1849. Columbus Art Union. 

O.L., XLVII, 268, March 8, 1849. Ohio Education Society of Evangelical 
Lutheran Church. 

O.L., XXXVI, 238, March 10, 1838. Society of United Christians, Berea (lit- 
erary and benevolent purposes). 

O.L., XXXIII, 317, March 7, 1835. Western Baptist Education Society. 

O.L., XLIII, 86, February 10, 1845. Ohio Baptist Education Society. 

O.L., XLIII, 361, March 11, 1845. Lower Sandusky Phrenological Mesmeric 
Institute of Sandusky County. 



APPENDIX B 

PAGE AND VOLUME INDEX TO ALL EDUCATIONAL 
LEGISLATION IN THE SESSION LAWS OF 
OHIO FROM 1803 TO 1850 



TERRITORIAL ACTS 

November 27, 1800, Nashee's Compilation, p. 161. An act authorizing the 
leasing of lands granted for the support of schools and for religious pur- 
poses in the County of Washington. 

December 7, 1800, Nashee's Compilation, p. 220. An act establishing the town 
of Athens in the County of Washington. 

January 9, 1802, Nashee's Compilation, p. 220. An act establishing a university 
in the town of Athens. 

PAGE Volume I 

61 . An act to provide for the leasing of certain lands therein named. 
66. An act to provide for the locating of a college township in the District of 

Cincinnati. 
117. An act incorporating the trustees of the Erie Literary Society. 
148. Resolution appointing three commissioners to appraise the two college 
townships. 

Volume II 
193. An act establishing a university in the town of Athens. 
297. Resolution to secure a law limiting the time in which military warrants 
may be satisfied in the Virginia district. 

Volume III 
79. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act establishing a university in the 
town of Athens." 
230. An act directing a leasing made of Section 16. 
288. An act incorporating the Dayton Library Society. 
321. An act to provide for the leasing of certain lands therein named. 
459. Resolution appointing five trustees of the Ohio University. 

Volume IV 
25 . An act to amend an act entitled, "An act authorizing the leasing of certain 

lands in the County of Washington, granted for religious purposes." 
38. An act supplementary to an act entitled, "An act to amend an act entitled 

'An act establishing a university in the town of Athens.' " 
66. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships. 
70. An act making appropriations for the year 1806. 
72. An act concerning apprentices and servants. 

179 



180 HISTORY Ol- KDUCATIONAI. LPXISI.ATION IN OHIO 

''^'■''- VOLUMIi V 

56. An act to incorporate the Society of St. John's Church in Worthington 

and parts adjacent. 
62. An act for incorporating a library society in the town of Granville, County 

of Licking. 
64. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati University. 

85. An act to amend the several acts establishing the University of Athens. 

86. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act incorporating the trustees of the 

Erie Literary Society." 
120. An act authorizing the citizens of Cincinnati and its vicinity to raise si.v 

thousand dollars for certain purposes. 
122. An act to incorporate the l-'irst Religious Society of Marietta. 
132. Resolution concerning lands in the Virginia Military Reservation. 

Voi.tJMK VI 
17. An act incorporating the Dayton Academy. 
24. An act incorporating tiie Presbyterian .Society in Red Oak. 
51 . An act to incorporate the Worthington Academy. 
9() . An act authorizing the town council of Marietta to grant permanent leases 

of Section 16. 
125. An act accepting certain lands offered by Congress for the use of Schools 
in the Virginia Military Tract in lieu of those heretofore appropriated. 
127. An act to incorporate the New Town Library Company in the County 

of Hamilton. 
151 . An act for the benefit of Henry Harrows. 

156. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Chillicothe Academy. 
1 72 . An act altering several acts establishing a university in the town of Athens. 

Voi-UMR VH 

109. An act directing in what manner lands granted by Congress for the use 
of schools in the Virginia Military Tract shall be surveyed and disposed of. 

165, An act supplementary to an act for leasing Sections Nos. 16 and 29 in 
fractional townships in the Ohio Company's Purchase. 

167. An act amendatory to several acts appointing trustees to the Ohio Univer- 
sity and for other purposes. 

184. An act to establish the Miami University. 

192. An act for leasing Sections 16 and 29 in fractional townships within the 
Ohio Company's Purchase. 

195. An act to amend an act authorizing the citizens of Cincinnati and its 
vicinity to raise $6,()()() for certain purposes. 

219. An act for laying out and leasing Section 16 in fractional Township 4, in 
the Miami Purchase. 

VOLUMK VIII 

12. An act to incorporate the Society for Propagating Gospel among the 
Heathen, formed by members of the Episcopal Church of the United 
Brethren. 

26. An act to incorporate the New Lisbon Academy. 

94. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to establish the Miami Univer- 
sity." 



APPENDIX n 181 

100. An act (o incorporate the orijj;inal surveyed townsliips. 
141. An act to incorporate tlie Western Library Association. 
197. An act to incorporate the I^oiand i.il)rary Society. 

251. An act to incorporate the Washington Social Library Company. 

2.S3. An act supplementary to the acts directing in wliat manner certain lands 

granted by Congress for the use of schools in the Virginia Military Tract 

shall be surveyed and disposed of. 
254. An act amendatory to the above act. 

Voi.UMI'', IX 

19. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery. 

30. An act investing the chsposition and management of lands therein men- 
tioned in a Board of Trustees under the title of The Trustees of the 
(iranville Religious and Literary Society, and for other purposes. 

39. An act for the establishment of an academy at Stcubenvilic. 

44. An act amending an act entitled, "An act to authorize the town council 
of Marietta to grant permanent leases of Section 16 in said town." 

53. An act to incorporate the town of Athens. 

57. An act to incorporate the (jallia Academy. 

63. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act amendatory to the several acts 

appointing trustees to the Ohio University, and for oilier purposes." 

64. An act to amend an act for the laying out and leasing Section 16 in frac- 

tional Township 4 in the Miami Purchase. 
68. An act for the relief of David Phouts. 

V(M.UMi'; X 
5. An act to incorporate the Wooster Library Society. 
12. An act to authorize the trustees to sell and convey certain public lots in 

the town of Katon, Preble County, and for other purposes. 
14. An act incorporating the Lebanon Library .Society. 

29. An act authorizing the incorporated township N(j. 2, R. 6, to lease to 
William George a lot of land in .Section 16. 

57. An act in addition to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the original 

surveyed townships." 

58. An act to incorporate a medical society. 

68. An act repealing the act for the aid of Davifl Phouts. 

73. An act authorizing the trustees of fractional School Section 16 in Tp. 1, 

of the 2nd Range, and Tp. 2 of the 3rfl Range, to grant permanently, 

for a mill site, a lot of land in each of said sections. 
88. An act further to amend an act establishing the Miami University. 

96. An act to amend the act to incorporate the town of Athens. 

97. An act authorizing the trustees of the Ohio University to issue orders in 

certain cases, and for other purposes. 

101. An act to amend an act for laying out and leasing Section 16 in fractional 

Township No. 4, 2n(l R. of townships in the Miami Purchase. 
162. An act to aniend an act to authorize the town council of Marietta to grant 
permanent leases to Section 16. 



182 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAOli 

178. An act to incorporate the Platonic Library Society, Sunbury and Berkshire, 

Delaware (,'ounty. 
198. Resolution appointing two trustees for Ohio University. 

Volume XI 
14. An act incorporating the Circulating Library Society, Cincinnati. 

27. An act to enlarge the college green of the town of Athens. 

28. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery. 
51. An act incorporating the Fearing Religious Society. 

61 . An act enabling the trustees of Tp. 6, R. 3, in Belmont County to make a 

permanent lease for part of the school land in said county. 
161. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to amend the act entitled, 'An 
act directing in what manner certain lands, etc., shall be disposed of.' " 

Volume XII 

51. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to amend the act entitled, 
'Directing in what manner certain lands granted by Congress for the 
use of schools in the Virginia Military Tract shall be surveyed and dis- 
posed of.' " 

55. An act to incorporate the Boardman Library Society in the County of 
Trumbull. 

61 . An act to incorporate the Troy Library Society. 

8v?. An act to amend the several acts establishing Miami University. 

84. An act for the relief of John Stalker and others. 

147. An act to incorporate the Euclid Library Society in the County of Cuya- 
hoga. 
174. An act to enable the trustees of the original surveyed township No. 3, 
R. 8, in the County of Washington, and the trustees of the original sur- 
veyed township No. 6, R. 14, in C.allia County, to grant permanent 
leases to the school sections in said townships. 

Volume XIII 
11. An act incorporating the Circulating Library Society, Cincinnati. 
14. An act to incorporate the Village Library Society of Burton, County 

of Geauga. 
75. An act to incorporate the Katon Library Society in the County of Preble. 
106. An act to enable the township trustees in Champaign County to make a 

permanent lease of fractional School Section No. 16 for a mill site. 
132. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Lancaster Seminary. 
166. An act to provide for granting permanent leases to certain tracts of school 

lands in the United States Military School lands. 
285. An act to incorporate the Northern Social Library Company of Harpers- 
field. 
288. An act to enable the inhabitants of the 3r(l Tp., R. 7, Washington County 

to grant ])ermancnt leases for School Section No. 16. 
295. An act sujjplementary to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the 
original surveyed townships." 



APPENDIX B 183 

PAGE 

302. An act to authorize the trustees of Zanesville Township to make a per- 
manent lease on a certain lot of school land. 

305. An act to provide for the permanent leasing of Section 16, 4th Tp., Range 
14, County of Gallia. 

307. An act further to amend the act directing in what manner certain lands in 
the Virginia Military Tract shall be surveyed and disposed of. 

310. An act for the relief of David Moore and others. 

332. Resolution appointing four trustees for the Ohio University. 

335. Resolution appointing nineteen trustees for Miami University. 

Volume XIV 
6. An act to incorporate the Waynesville Library Company. 
16. An act for granting a permanent lease for the S. E. quarter of Sec. 16, 

Tp. 3, R. 8, Greene County. 
24. An act for granting a permanent lease to school lands in Stark County. 
132. An act authorizing the trustees of the original surveyed townships of 
Fairfield County to grant permanent leases for reserve Section 16 within 
said county. 
183. An act to grant permanent leases for Section 16 in the original surveyed 
township 2, R. 1, E. of the meridian drawn from the mouth of the Miami 
River. 
217. An act to incorporate the Montgomery Academy. 
220. An act authorizing the permanent leasing of a lot of school land in Ross 

County. 
256. An act to incorporate the Fearing Library Society, Washington County. 
263. An act to incorporate the Social Library Company of Salem, Ashtabula 
County. 

266. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the Dayton 

Academy." 

267. An act to vacate part of College Street in the town of Athens. 

275. An act providing for the permanent leasing of Section 16 in Gallia County. 
418. An act directing the manner of leasing the school lands within the Virginia 

Military Tract. 
440. An act to incorporate the Tallmadge Academy, Portage County. 
444. An act to provide for granting permanent leases of certain tracts of school 

lands in the U. S. Military Tract, Guernsey County. 

Volume XV 
10. An act for leasing a certain part of Section 16 in the John Clcvc Symmes 

Purchase. 
63 . An act to amend the act for granting a permanent lease of a certain Section 
16 in Greene County. 
107. An act to provide for the incorporation of schools and library companies. 
195. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery. 
202. An act to provide for leasing certain school lands therein named (Section 

16). 
245. Resolution appointing a trustee for Ohio University. 



184 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

Volume XVI 

6. An act authorizing the leasing of a portion of Section 16 in Hamilton 

County to the Baptist Society for a meeting house. 
16. An act for leasing a certain part of Section 16 in the County of Butler. 
37. An act to authorize the drawing of a lottery for the benefit of the Ohio 

University. 
79. An act exempting from taxation the lands belonging to the Erie Lit- 
erary Society. 
98. An act to repeal the 1st Section of the act amending the act incorporating 

the Dayton Academy. 
101. An act for the relief of John Jordan. 
103. An act to authorize the auditor to proceed against William W. Cotgreve, 

Register of the Virginia Military school lands. 
105 . An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to regulate the practice of physic 

and surgery." 
109 . An act to incorporate the Florence Academy of Arts and Sciences in Huron 

County. 
119. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act providing for the leasing of 

certain school lands therein named." 
122. An act to prevent the sale of town lots for taxes in certain cases. 
157. An act to incorporate the Union School Association of the towns of Har- 

persfield and Madison. 
198. Resolution appointing twenty-six trustees of the Miami University. 
203. Resolution appointing a Register of the Virginia Military school lands. 

Volume XVII 

7. An act for the relief of John Twaddle. 

31. An act for the relief of Jeremiah R. Munson. 

35. An act for the relief of purchasers of the Virginia Military school lands. 

37. An act to authorize the establishment of a medical school. 

46. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati College. 

92. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to regulate the admission and 

practice of doctors and counsellors of law." 

97. An act to incorporate the Cadiz Academy in the County of Harrison. 

131. An act further to amend the several acts establishing the Miami Univer- 

sity. 

132. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act authorizing the trustees of the 

original surveyed townships in the County of Fairfield to grant per- 
manent leases, etc." 

139. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act authorizing the Auditor to pro- 
ceed against William W. Cotgreve." 

144. An act to authorize the trustees of Tp. 2, R. 1, within the Ohio Company's 
Purchase in the County of Washington to make a distribution of school 
funds in said township. 

149. An act for leasing Section 16, Tp. 15, R. 13, in Wayne County. 

154. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to incorporate the Circulating 
Library Company of Cincinnati." 



APPENDIX B 185 

PAGE 

155. An act to establish a college in the town of Worthington. 
186. An act to incorporate the Union Academy in the County of Muskingum. 
203. An act to enable the proprietors of the town of Mansfield to exchange 
certain donations therein contained. 

Volume XVIII 
General: 

28. An act providing for the incorporation of townships. 
Local: 

3. An act to amend an act to provide for the permanent leasing of Section 16, 
Tp. 4, R. 14, Gallia County. 
43 . An act amending the act to establish a medical college. 
45. An act further to amend the several acts establishing a university in the 

town of Athens. 
54. An act to amend the act amending the act for granting permanent leases 

for a school section in Greene County. 
61. An act to amend the act incorporating the Cadiz Academy. 
66. An act for the relief of an orphan Indian child. 

71 . An act for the relief of certain lessees of the Virginia Military school lands. 
78. An act amending the act to incorporate the Union Academy. 

85 . An act to incorporate the Lancaster Academy. 

154. Resolution directing the agents for school lands in the U. S. Military 

Tract to report. 

160. Resolution appointing three trustees of Ohio University. 

Volume XIX 
28. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery within this state. 
35 . An act providing for the permanent leasing of Sections 16 and 29 of Gallia 

County. 
51. An act providing for the regulation and support of common schools. 
58. An act establishing a commercial hospital and lunatic asylum for the 

state of Ohio. 

72. An act to provide for a revaluation of certain school lands. 

75. An act for the relief of certain lessees of Section 16 in the Miami Purchase. 
78. An act enabling the trustees of a certain school section in Clark County 
to make a permanent lease. 
102. An act relative to permanent leases. 
111. An act to amend an act levying a tax on land. 

140. An act further to amend the several acts establishing the Miami Univer- 
sity. 
144. An act for the relief of lessees of Section 16, Fairfield County. 

144. An act to repeal the act for the benefit of an Indian orphan child. 

145. An act authorizing a loan for the use of the state of Ohio. 

155. An act authorizing permanent leases of a certain Section 16 in the County 

of Washington. 

161 . An act to provide for the leasing of school lands within the U. S. Military 

school district. 
166. An act to amend the 14th Section of the act to incorporate the original 
surveyed townships. 



186 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

212. Resolution appointing one trustee of the Ohio University. 

212. Authorizing the State Auditor to settle the account of the Register for 

the Virginia Military school lands. 

213. Resolution reappointing Mordecai Hartley register. 

Volume XX 
General: 

6. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act relative to permanent leases," 
passed January 29, 1821. 
49. An act to amend the act concerning the safekeeping of idiots, lunatics, 

etc., passed January 4, 1820. 
53. An act supplementary to an act regulating the duties of county auditors 

and commissioners. 
56. An act levying a tax on land. 

84. An act supplementary to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the 
original surveyed townships." 
Local: 

10. An act granting further time to the lessees of school lands in the Virginia 

Military tract for the payment of arrearages in rent. 

11. An act to incorporate the Academy of Alma in the town of New Athens, 

Harrison County. 
21. An act authorizing the township trustees in Preble County to grant a 

permanent lease with new conditions on school lands. 
27. An act to incorporate the Urbana Academy. 

30. An act to incorporate the Rutland Academy in the County of Meigs. 
34. An act regulating school lands in the Connecticut Western Reserve. 
36. An act amending the act to incorporate the Social Library Association 

of Salem. 

41. An act supplementary to the act allowing further time to the lessees of 

school lands in the Virginia Military Tract for the payment of arrearages 
of rent. 

42, An act to authorize the inhabitants of Tp. 2, R. 8, Washington County 

to elect trustees for managing School Section 16 in said township. 
47 . An act to incorporate the Historical Society of Ohio. 
51. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act further to amend the several 

acts establishing the Miami University." 
64. A committee report — Resolution concerning the granting of school lands. 

86. Resolution authorizing the governor to appoint seven commissioners to 

report on a system of education for common schools. 

87 . Resolution appointing two trustees of the Ohio University. 

Volume XXI 
General: 

4. An act further to amend the act authorizing the establishment of a medical 

college. 

5. An act to ascertain the number of deaf and dumb persons in this state. 
26. An act levying a tax on land. 



APPENDIX B 187 

PAGE 

33. An act to authorize the surrender of certain leases, and for other purposes. 
Local: 

5. An act repealing the act granting permanent leases for Section 16, Tp. 2, 
R. 1, E. 
31. An act amending the act to incorporate the trustees of the Erie Literary 

Society. 
39. An act for the relief and benefit of an orphan Indian child. 

Volume XXII 
General: 
249. An act declaring what lands situated within the State of Ohio are subject 

to the payment of taxes. 
381. An act concerning apprentices and servants. 
418. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships. 

Local: 

14. An act to incorporate the Franklin Academy, Mansfield. 

36. An act relating to the State Library. 

68. An act further to amend the several acts establishing the Miami Univer- 
sity. 

72. An act to incorporate the Norwalk Academy, Huron County. 

82. An act authorizing a special leasing of the Virginia Military school lands. 
104. An act to incorporate the Belmont Academy in St. Clairsville, Belmont 

County. 
106. An act to incorporate the Milford Union School Society in Milford, Cler- 
mont County. 
109. An act to incorporate the Jefferson School Association. 
142 . An act to incorporate medical societies. 

153. Resolution and memorial to Congress on the subject of school lands. 
162. Resolution asking for school lands in the Western Reserve. 
164. Resolution appointing trustees of the Ohio University. 
186. Resolution appointing one trustee of the Ohio University. 

Volume XXIII 
General: 

16. An act to amend the act incorporating medical societies, etc. 

19. An act for the better regulation of the Medical College of Ohio, and mak- 
ing certain appropriations. 

23. An act to amend the act levying a tax upon land. 

25. An act for the relief of lessees of the Virginia Military school lands. 

36. An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common schools. 

47 . An act supplementary to several acts regulating the admission of attorneys, 
and for regulating the practice of physicians and surgeons. 

58. An act establishing an equitable mode of levying taxes in this state. 

Local: 

3. An act to incorporate the Elizabethtown Library Society, Hamilton 
County. 



188 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

10. An act to provide for the leasing of certain school lands therein mentioned. 

12. An act to incorporate the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church in the Diocese of Ohio. 

18. An act to incorporate the Circleville Academy. 

22. An act to incorporate the College of Alma in the town of New Athens. 

30. An act authorizing the County Commissioners of Athens in Clermont 
County to perform certain duties therein named. 

34. An act to provide for a valuation of certain school lands. 

40. An act authorizing a revaluation of certain School Sections 16 in Gallia 

County. 
44. An act to incorporate the Literary Society of St. Joseph's. 
55 . An act to enable the trustees of Tp. 3, R. 8, Washington County, to revalue 

certain school lands. 
65 . An act authorizing the township meeting of Marietta to vote a sum for 

schools. 
76. An act to incorporate the Windham Library Association, Portage County 
78. An act to authorize the Auditor of State to collect the amount due from 
William W. Cotgreve to the Virginia Military School funds. 
101. An act to incorporate the Social Library of Kendal, Stark County. 
106. Resolution appointing a trustee of the Ohio University. 
112. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Ohio University. 
114. Resolution for the purpose of ascertaining the value of school lands in this 

state. 
116. Resolution appointing an agent for the Western Reserve school lands. 
116. Resolution charging interest on the loan of the Virginia Military School 
Fund to a certain road fund. 

Volume XXIV 
General: 

3 . An act making special appropriations. 

4. An act to incorporate and establish the Medical College of Ohio. 
15. An act amending the act for levying taxes. 

52 . An act authorizing the trustees of the Ohio University to dispose of certain 

lands. 
61. An act levying a tax for state purposes. 
63. An act amending an act to incorporate the original surveyed townships. 

78. An act further to amend the act incorporating medical societies. 

79. An act making appropriations. 

Local: 

5 . An act to incorporate the Fredericktown Library Society, Knox County. 
24. An act to incorporate the Preble Library Society. 

32. An act authorizing the Commissioners of Franklin County to donate 
certain public buildings in Franklinton to the Episcopal Seminary. 

35. An act to incorporate the Bloomfield Social Library Society, Trumbull 

County. 

36. An act to incorporate the Charity School of Kendal, Stark County. 

39. An act supplementary to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the 
Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church." 



APPENDIX B 189 

PACE 

49. An act to amend the act to incorporate the College of Alma. 

57 . An act authorizing the County Commissioners of Clermont County to 

convey certain lands. 
81. An act to incorporate the Social Library Society, Fairfield, Columbiana 

County. 
85. An act to incorporate the Eldridge Library Association, Huron County. 
87 . An act for the relief of James Fraizier, and others. 

92. An act to incorporate the Mesopotamia Central School Society. 

93 . An act to incorporate the trustees of the Western Reserve College. 

122. Resolution appointing a register of the Virginia Military School Lands. 

122. Resolution directing the Auditor to audit claims for interest against Wil- 

liam W. Cotgreve and others, to be paid out of the Virginia Military 
Fund if found just. 

123. Resolution allowing the widow of said Cotgreve to receive rents of the 

house and lot which she now occupies, notwithstanding any sale which 

may be made by virtue of the judgment obtained by the Auditor. 
123. Resolution appointing trustees of the Ohio University. 
123. Resolution directing the Auditor to transfer interest on loans made for 

the Virginia Military School Fund to a certain road fund. 
126. Resolution appointing an agent for certain school lands in the Western 

Reserve. 

Volume XXV 
General: 
20. An act supplementary to the act to amend the act incorporating medical 

societies. 
56. An act to provide for the sale of Section 16, granted by Congress for the 

use of schools. 
65. An act supplementary to the act to provide for the support and better 

regulation of common schools. 
78. An act to establish a fund for the support of common schools. 
85. An act to loan the State of Ohio school money from the Virginia Military 

and U. S. Military Districts. 
87 . An act to establish an asylum for the education of deaf and dumb persons. 
103 . An act to obtain the consent of the inhabitants for the sale of school lands 
in the U. S. Military District, 

Local: 

3. An act to incorporate the Dayton Library. 

4. An act appointing trustees for the Miami University. 

8. An act to incorporate the Franklin Library Company of Little Sandy. 

18. An act to change a medical district. 

24. An act for the relief of Henry Magner. 

25. An act to provide for the revaluation of certain school lands in the Ohio 

Company's Purchase. 
29. An act for the relief of certain lessees of the U. S. Military school lands. 
37 . An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands in Guernsey 

County. 
42. An act to incorporate the Brookfield Library Society, Morgan County. 



190 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

45. An act enabling the inhabitants of the Virginia Military District to vote 
on the sale of school lands. 

55. An act to incorporate the Harmony Library Society, Fayette County. 

56. An act to incorporate the Columbia Library Society, Lorain County. 

57. An act to incorporate the Buffalo Library Society in the counties of 

Guernsey, Morgan and Muskingum. 
62. An act to incorporate the Woodward Free Grammar School. 
96. An act to incorporate the Academy of Perry County. 

111. Resolution appointing a trustee of Miami University. 

112. Memorial to Congress asking that a law be passed authorizing the sale of 

Section 29 in the Ohio Company's Purchase and the John CleveSymmes 
Purchase. 

113. Resolution concerning a grant of land to aid in the education of the deaf 

and dumb persons. 

114. Resolution directing the Auditor of State to procure a list of all appraise- 

ments of school lands in the United States Military district. 

115. Petition asking for certain school lands in the Western Reserve. 

118. Resolution appointing agents for school lands in the Western Reserve. 
122. Resolution requiring the President and trustees of Ohio University to 
report annually to the General Assembly. 

Volume XXVI 
General: 

4. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to establish an asylum for the 

education of deaf and dumb persons." 
4. An act directing the sale of sundry Sections 16. 

7. An act authorizing the treasurer of Licking County to give bond. 

10. An act amending the act providing for obtaining the consent of the inhabi- 
tants of the U. S. Military School District for the sale of lands. 

23. An act providing for the sale of school lands in the Virginia Military 

District. 
44. An act authorizing the register of the Virginia Military school lands to 

sell certain lots. 
61. An act providing for the sale of school lands in the United States Military 

school district. 
73. An act to loan to the State of Ohio certain school money. 
80. An act to provide for granting temporary leases of certain school lands. 
Local: 

3 . An act to incorporate the Newburgh Library Society, Cuyahoga County. 

4. An act to incorporate the Liberty Library Society, Butler County. 

8. An act for the relief of certain lessees. 

13. An act to incorporate the Deacons of the Regular Baptist Church of 
Stillwater. 

24. An act confirming the exchange of school lands in Bellville. 

26. An act to incorporate the Hubbard Library Company, Trumbull County. 

27. An act authorizing the proprietors of the town of Dresden to make changes 

in school lots. 

28. An act to establish and incorporate the Western Eye and Ear Infirmary. 



APPENDIX B 191 

PACE 

30. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts. 

41. An act to incorporate the Union Library Society of Lexington. 

47. An act authorizing the leasing of certain school lands. 

54. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Medical Academy. 

67. An act to incorporate the Goshen School Association, Logan County. 

78. An act authorizing a sale of the property of Cadiz Academy. 

88. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands. 

106. An act to incorporate the Hartford Library Society, Trumbull County. 

107 . An act to incorporate the Lorain County Library Society. 

119. An act to incorporate the Yellow Spring Library Society, Greene County. 

135. An act enabling the inhabitants of the Connecticut Western Reserve to 
give their consent to the sale of their school lands. 

159. An act authorizing the trustees of Township 10, Harrison County, to 
execute new leases and revalue certain school lands. 

161. An act to incorporate the Monroe Traveling and Circulating Library 
Society. 

167. An act to incorporate the Nelson Academy. 

169. An act granting aid to the trustees of the Tallmadge School for the educa- 
tion of deaf and dumb persons. 

175. Resolution concerning a grant of school land in the Connecticut Western 

Reserve. 

176. Resolution approving a grant of land for Kenyon College. 

178. Resolution asking a grant of land for the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. 

179. Resolution remitting taxes on lands belonging to Kenyon College, and to 

all land given to any school, academy, college, or university, or to the 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

180. Resolution appointing three appraisers of the Virginia Military school 

lands. 

181. Resolution directing the clerks of the courts and the agents appointed to 

make out abstracts, etc., for the U. S. Military school lands. 

Volume XXVH 
General: 

9. An act amending the act authorizing the trustees of the Ohio University 

to dispose of certain lands. 
11. An act to regulate grocers and retailers of spirituous liquors. 

32. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to provide for the sale of Sec- 

tion 16." 

33. An act in addition to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate and establish 

the City of Cincinnati, etc." 

40. An act supplementary to the several acts authorizing the surrender of 
leases of U. S. Military school lands, and amending the act providing 
for the sale of said lands. 

51. An act providing for the distribution of the proceeds of the Virginia Mili- 
tary school fund. 

63. An act to provide further for the Asylum for the Education of the Deaf 

and Dumb. 

64. An act amending the act entitled, "An act for the sale of escheated lands 

in the Township of Gallipolis." 



192 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

73 . An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common schools. 

Local: 

5. An act to incorporate the Social Library Company of Madison, Geauga 

County. 

6. An act to incorporate the Zanesville Athenaeum. 

9. An act authorizing the register of the U. S. Military school lands to grant 
certificates of purchase to certain individuals. 
10. An act to amend an act incorporating the Fredericktown Library Society. 
10. An act to incorporate the Social Library of Greene, Trumbull County. 

14. An act to incorporate the Chester Library Association, Geauga County. 

15. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to incorporate the Gallia 

Academy." 
17. An act for leasing certain school lands in Belmont County. 

21 . ' An act to incorporate the Sunbury Library Association, Delaware County. 

22. An act to create and establish a fund for the support of common schools 

in the County of Clermont. 
26. An act for the sale of certain school lands in Wayne County. 

32. An act for the relief of the purchasers of certain school lands in Lawrence 

County. 

33 . An act to provide for the revaluation of certain school lands, Perry County. 
36. An act for the relief of William Potter. 

40. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands therein 
described. 

62. An act authorizing the conveyance of a certain tract of land therein des- 

cribed. 

63. An act to incorporate the Olive Social Library Society, Morgan County. 

64. An act authorizing the leasing of certain school lands in the Ohio Com- 

pany's Purchase. 

68. An act for the relief of Henry Magner. 

72. An act to incorporate the Methodist Church of Zanesville. 

76. An act to amend the act incorporating the Charity School of Kendal. 

88. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands therein des- 
cribed. 

90. An act authorizing the Auditor of Shelby County to sell certain Sections 
16 in said county. 

92. An act to incorporate the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. 

95. An act to incorporate Nelson Library Society. 

96. An act to incorporate the Barlow Library Society in Washington County. 
99. An act to create and establish a common school fund in that part of the 

County of Warren composed of the Virginia Military District. 
103. An act to incorporate the Granville Library, Licking County. 

105 . An act to incorporate the Lyme and Ridgefield Circulating Library So- 

ciety, Huron County. 

106. An act directing the sale of certain school Sections 16, Preble County. 
112. An act authorizing the leasing of Sections 16 and 29 of the 11th Tp., R. 14. 
118. An act to incorporate the Lane Seminary, Hamilton County. 

127 . An act to incorporate the Madison Library Association, Hamilton County. 



APPENDIX B 193 

PAGE 

128. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands in Muskingum 

County. 
131. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Columbus Presbytery. 
139. An act to incorporate the Vernon Library Society, Scioto County. 
147. An act to incorporate the Education Society of Painesville, Cuyahoga 

County. 
152. An act to incorporate the Hillsborough Academy, Highland County. 
165 . An act authorizing the school directors in the Township of Fairfield, Butler 

County, to make a certain appropriation of money. 

170. Memorial to Congress concerning school lands in the Western Reserve. 

171. Resolution for the location of the deaf and dumb asylum at Columbus. 

173. Resolution appointing a register of the Virginia Military school lands. 

174. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Ohio University. 

174. Memorial to Congress concerning a donation for the benefit of colleges 

and universities. 
177. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Charity School of Kendal. 
177. Resolution instructing the Secretary of State to have two thousand copies 

of the school law printed in German. 

177. Resolution appointing trustees for the Medical College of Ohio. 

178. Resolution for printing the school laws. 

179. Resolution making certain appropriations to the Register of the Virginia 

Military School Lands. 

180. Resolution directing the Auditor of State to transmit certain school 

moneys to Clermont County. 

Volume XXVHI 
General: 

11. An act amending the act providing for the distribution of the Virginia 

Military school fund. 

12. An act to incorporate the Township of Black River, Lorain County. 

16. An act in addition to and further to amend the act providing for the sale 

of Section 16. 

17. An act in addition to the act providing for the sale of school lands in the 

Virginia Military District. 
30. An act to amend the act establishing an asylum for the education of the 

deaf and dumb. 
35. An act further to amend the act providing for the sale of Section 16. 

56. An act in addition to an act to establish a fund for the support of common 

schools. 

57. An act to amend the act for the better support and regulation of common 

schools. 
59. An act to amend the act to provide for the sale of certain lands granted 
by Congress to the State of Ohio. 

Local: 

3. An act providing for the appointment of appraisers for the U. S. Military 

school lands, Guernsey County. 
8. An act to incorporate the Venice Library Society, in Butler County. 
10. An act for the relief of James Elder. 



194 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

18. An act to enable the inhabitants of the Western Reserve to give their 
consent to the sale of their school lands. 

20. An act authorizing the sale of certain school lands. 

21. An act authorizing the leasing of a certain school section therein named. 

22. An act to incorporate the Bricksville Columbian Literary Society, Cuya- 

hoga County. 

23. An act to incorporate the Dresden Literary Society, Muskingum County. 

27. An act allowing the citizens of Rossville to appropriate certain lots for 

public uses. 

28. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church of Cincinnati. 
46. An act to incorporate the Windsor Library Society, Ashtabula County. 

52. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school land in Gallia County. 

53. An act appointing trustees for the Miami University. 

55. An act authorizing the reappraisement of certain school land in Perry 

County. 

56. An act supplementary to the act providing for distributing certain school 

funds in Clermont County. 

57. An act to provide for the distribution of the proceeds of the Virginia 

Military School Funds heretofore appropriated to the County of Cler- 
mont. 

60. An act for the relief of James McMullen. 

62. An act to incorporate the Mesopotamia Library Company, Trumbull 
County. 

70. An act to incorporate the Marietta Library. 

82. An act providing for the payment of certain claims out of the United 
States School Fund. 

88. An act to authorize the leasing of school lands therein named. 

88. An act to incorporate the College of Ripley, Brown County. 

92. An act to enable the Knoxville School Company, Jefferson County, to 

close the concerns of said company. 

93. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Windham School Company. 

94. An act to incorporate the First Free Church in Warren Township, Jefferson 

County. 
102. An act to incorporate the First Lutheran Church in Ross Township, Jef- 
ferson County. 

112. An act amending the act to provide for obtaining the consent of the United 

States Military District to sell their school lands. 

113. An act to provide for the sale of certain school land in Belmont County. 
116. An act to incorporate the High School of Elyria, Lorain County. 

140. An act to incorporate the Associated Methodist Church of Springfield. 
153. An act to provide for the revaluation and sale of a certain school section 

therein named. 
153. An act to provide for the revaluation and sale of a certain tract of school 

land in Stark County. 
157 . An act to authorize the survey of certain school lands in Fairfield County. 

164 . An act to incorporate the Newbury Social Library Society, Geauga County. 

165. An act to incorporate the town of Steubenville. 



APPENDIX B 195 

PAGE 

179. An act to incorporate the Lancaster Harmonic Society. 

198. Resolution appointing trustees of the Charity School of Kendal. 

202. Resolution appointing trustees for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

203. Resolution authorizing the sale of a certain Section 16 in Monroe County. 

205. Resolution providing for distributing two thousand copies of the act pro- 

viding for the distribution of the Virginia Military School fund. 

206. Resolution appointing a trustee of the Ohio University. 

Volume XXIX 
General: 

161. An act for the prevention of certain immoral practices. 
272. An act pointing out the mode of levying taxes. 
304. An act regulating sales at auction. 
313. An act for granting licenses. 

414 . An act to provide for the support and better regulation of Common Schools. 
423. An act to establish a fund for the support of Common Schools. 
427 . An act establishing an asylum for the education of deaf and dumb persons, 

and repealing previous laws. 
446. An act to regulate public shows. 
469. An act to protect the fur trade. 

477. An act for the inspection of certain articles therein named. 
490. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships. 

Local: 
11. An act to incorporate the Dover Library Society, Athens County. 
18. An act to incorporate the Ashtabula Library Association. 
21. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Society of Twinsburgh. 
25. An act to incorporate the Williamsburg Library Society, Clermont 
County. 

25. An act to further amend the act providing for the distribution of the Vir- 

ginia Military School Fund. 

26. An act authorizing the treasurer of Muskingum County to issue certificates 

of purchase for certain school lands. 
31. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Society of Atwater. 

41 . An act to incorporate the Social Circulating Library Association of 

Waverly, Pike County. 

42. An act to incorporate the Bricksville Academical Association, Cuyahoga 

County. 

43. An act to incorporate the Woodward High School of Cincinnati. 

47. An act postponing the .sale of certain school lands in Columbiana County. 

49. An act to incorporate the Hamilton and Rossvillc Library Society, 

Butler County. 

50. An act to incorporate the Middleberry Library Company. 

51 . An act for the relief of John M. Holly and John C. Coffing, Huron County. 
57. An act to incorporate the Olmsted Library Company, Cuyahoga County. 
66. An act to amend the act incorporating the Medical College of Ohio. 



196 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PACE 

67. An act to incorporate the Athens Library Society, Athens County. 
74. An act to incorporate the Erodelphian Society of Miami University. 
81 . An act further supplementary to the several acts authorizing the surrender 

of leases of United States Military school lands, etc. 
83 . An act to incorporate the Austinburg Social Library Association, Ashtabula 

County. 

89. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church in Burlington, 

Licking County. 

90. An act authorizing the survey, appraisement and sale of all the school 

lands in the Connecticut Western Reserve. 

100. An act to incorporate the Columbus Female Academy. 

119. An act to incorporate the Wayne and Cherry Valley Union Library Asso- 
ciation in Ashtabula County. 

121. An act directing the sale of certain school Sections 16 in Butler County. 

122. An act amending the act to incorporate the Cincinnati Academy of Fine 

Arts. 
122. An act to incorporate the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio. 
126. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Lyceum. 
130. An act authorizing the Auditor of Pickaway County to grant certificates 

of purchase for certain school lands. 
135. An act authorizing the Auditor of Seneca County to grant certificates of 

purchase for certain school lands. 
137. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Ashtabula Institution of Science 

and Industry. 
139. An act to incorporate the Delaware Academy. 
142. An act repealing the final part of the 11th Section of the act to incorporate 

medical societies. 
142. An act to incorporate the Utica Library Society, Licking County. 
179. An act to incorporate the Capitol Library Society of Columbus. 

184. An act for the relief of purchasers of certain school lands, Ross County. 

185. An act supplementary to the act providing for the sale of school lands 

in the Virginia Military District. 

186. An act authorizing the revaluation of a certain Section 16 Gallia County. 

187. An act making further provision for the sale of Section 16 granted by 

Congress for the use of schools. 

188. An act appointing one trustee for the Miami University. 

196. An act incorporating the Philomathesian Society of Kenyon College. 

202. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church of Yellow Creek, 
Jefferson County. 

204. An act for the relief of Hugh Porter. 

207 . An act for the sale of certain school lands therein named. 

210. An act to amend the act providing for the distribution of the proceeds of 
the Virginia Military School Fund for Clermont County. 

215. An act for the relief of certain purchasers of school lands in Stark County. 

229. An act to provide for the distribution of the proceeds of the Virginia Mili- 
tary School Fund. 

235. Resolution appointing trustees for the College of Ripley. 



APPENDIX B 197 

PAGE 

235. Resolution granting certain historical documents to the Zanesville 
Athenaeum. 

239. Resolution appointing trustees for the Ohio Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

240. Resolution authorizing the Auditor of Muskingum County to receive 

leases of school lands and grant certificates of purchase. 
242. Resolution appointing an agent for school lands in the Western Reserve. 
244. Resolution directing that all school lands sold shall be placed on the tax 

duplicate. 

246. Resolution appropriating money for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

247. Resolution concerning the printing of the school laws. 

249. Resolution directing several boxes of government documents to be sent 
to certain institutions. 

Volume XXX 
General: 

4. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to provide for the support and 

better regulation of Common Schools." 
13. An act for the relief of certain lessees of school lands, etc. 
20. An act amending the act to establish an asylum for the deaf and dumb. 
Local: 

3. An act postponing the sale of a certain Section 16 in Columbiana County. 

4. An act authorizing the trustees of a certain Section 16, Hamilton County, 

to divide said section. 
4. An act to incorporate the Harrisville Library Association, Medina County. 
30. An act to incorporate the Kinsman Academy, Trumbull County. 
38. An act authorizing the Auditor of Shelby County to receive a lease and 

grant certificates of purchase for certain school lands. 
47 . An act to incorporate the president and trustees of the Canton Academy. 
60. An act to incorporate the New Paris Library Society, Preble County. 
62. An act to incorporate the Farmington Academy. 
64. An act to enable the lessees of certain school land in Richland County to 

surrender their leases, etc. 
64. An act to incorporate the First Calvinistic Congregational .Society of 

Hudson. 
84. An act appointing one trustee for the Miami University. 

87. An act to incorporate the First Universalian Religious Library Society, 

of Marietta. 

88. An act to incorporate the Granville Literary and Theological Institu- 

tion. 
111. An act to incorporate the Ashtabula Academy, Ashtabula County. 

132. An act to amend the act authorizing the survey, sale, etc., of school lands 

in the Western Reserve. 

133. An act to incorporate the Clarksfield Library Society, Huron County. 

134. An act to incorporate the Dark County Library Society. 
141. An act to incorporate the Huron Institute. 

157. An act to incorporate the P'irst Presbyterian Society of Middlebury. 
178. An act to postpone the sale of a certain Section 16, Seneca County. 
229. An act to incorporate the Steubenville Athenaeum. 



198 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



PACE 



230. An act to provide for the distribution of the Virginia Military School 

Fund. 
232. An act to incorporate the Western Academic Institute and Board of 

Education. 
234. An act to provide for the sale of certain Sections 16 in Hamilton County. 
238. An act to authorize the Auditor of Guernsey County to grant certificates 

of purchase for certain school lands. 
244. An act to incorporate the Guernsey County Library and Reading Room. 
247. An act amending the act authorizing the Auditor of Seneca County to 

grant certificates of purchase, etc. 
265 . An act for the relief of the lessees of a certain Section 16 in Morgan County. 

267. An act to incorporate the Farmers' Library Company, Seneca County. 

268. An act to authorize the Governor to make deeds in certain cases. 

275. An act to incorporate the Library Society of London, in Madison County. 

276. An act to incorporate the West Branch Library Association, in Miami 

County. 

277. An act to incorporate the Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Society of 

Berkshire, Delaware County. 
318. An act making appropriations. Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

324. Resolution appointing trustees for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

325. Resolution appointing trustees. College of Ripley. 

325. Resolution appointing trustees of the Ohio University. 

326. Resolution appointing a trustee for the Ohio University. 

326. Resolution granting the Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum 

use of the State Library. 

327. Resolution appointing a Register of the Virginia school lands. 
331 . Resolution appointing trustees of the Medical College of Ohio. 

333. Resolution granting Caleb Atwater authority to make abstracts of certain 

documents. 
336. Memorial to Congress concerning a grant for the use of a Deaf and Dumb 

Asylum. 

Volume XXX — Second Session 
Local: 

8. An act making an appropriation to aid in the establishment of a Deaf 

and Dumb Asylum. 
8. An act amending an act authorizing the survey, etc., of school lands in 
the Western Reserve. 

Volume XXXI 
General: 
18. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to prescribe the duties of the 

County Treasurer." 
24. An act to amend the act establishing an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. 
24. An act supplementary to the act establishing a fund for the support of 

common schools. 
24. An act to amend an act to provide for the support and better regulation 
of common schools. 



APPENDIX B 199 

PAGE 

26. An act to authorize the surrender of leases of School Section 16 in certain 

cases. 

27. An act to repeal the act to incorporate medical societies, etc. 

Local: 

3. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Society of Franklin, 

Portage County. 

4. An act to incorporate the St. Mary's Female Literary Society. 

5. An act making special provisions for the sale of a certain Section 16, Jef- 

ferson County. 
10. An act to incorporate the Dane Law Library. 

18. An act to incorporate the Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western 

Teachers' Seminary. 

19. An act to incorporate the First Methodist Protestant Church of Xenia, 

Greene County. 

28. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Congregation in Wellsville, 

Columbiana County. 
31. An act to incorporate the Milford Library Association, Union County. 
33. An act to amend an act to incorporate the Academy of Perry County. 
52. An act to incorporate and establish the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum. 
58. An act to incorporate the Mt. Vernon Lyceum. 
58. An act making special provision for leasing a certain School Section 16 in 

Jefferson County. 

62. An act authorizing the Auditor of Washington County to sell certain 

school lands. 

63 . An act to incorporate the Cleveland Library Company. 
65. An act to incorporate the Nu Pi Kappa Society. 

67 . An act to incorporate the Miamisburg Union Meeting and School-House 

Company. 
72. An act authorizing the lessees of certain school lands in Carroll County 

to surrender their leases, etc. 
81. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Literary Society. 
81. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Society in Freedom, 

Portage County. 

83. An act to incorporate the Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Association 

in Aurora, Portage County. 

84. An act to authorize the Auditor of Sandusky County to sell certain land. 
89. An act to incorporate the Massillon Library Society. 

92. An act to incorporate the McConnelsville Athenaeum. 

93. An act to authorize the Auditor of Seneca County to complete certain 

contracts. 

94. An act to incorporate the Eden Library Association, Seneca County. 
105. An act to incorporate the Franklin Library Association of Guilford, 

Medina County. 
117. An act for the relief of Jacob Hammer. 

117. An act to incorporate the Cleveland Lyceum, Cuyahoga County. 
131. An act to incorporate the First Congregational or Presbyterian Church 

and Society of Granville, Licking County. 



200 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

PAGE 

132. An act to incorporate the Fitch ville Library Society, Huron County. 

133. An act repealing the act to incorporate the president and trustees of the 

Canton Academy. 

134 . An act extending the time for making payment by the purchasers of certain 

Virginia Military School Lands. 

159. An act to incorporate the Wadsworth Library Society, Medina County. 

160. An act authorizing the Auditor of Wayne County to apportion school 

moneys. 

160. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Church of Mt. Leigh, Adams 
County. 

174. An act amending the act to incorporate the trustees of Chillicothe Acad- 
emy. 

178. An act prohibiting the sale of a certain Section 16 in Preble County. 

186. An act appointing trustees for the Miami University. 

187. An act providing for the sale of a certain Section 16 in Darke County. 

188. An act to incorporate the Chillicothe Female Seminary. 

193. An act to incorporate the Wayne County Ohio Teachers' Association. 

195 . An act to incorporate the Lancaster Library Association, Fairfield County. 

197 . An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Medical Society. 

198 . An act to provide for the distribution of the proceeds of the United States 

Military School Funds. 

204. An act to provide for the sale of a certain Section 16 in Wayne County. 

205. An act concerning the sale of certain school lands in Preble County. 
207 . An act to incorporate the Ohio Medical Lyceum in Cincinnati. 

227 . An act to incorporate the Urbana Athenaeum. 
234. An act to incorporate the Xenia Lyceum. 

237. An act appropriating fifteen hundred dollars for the Deaf and Dumb 

Asylum. 

238. An act relating to the Miami University lands. 

248. An act concerning the sale of certain school lands in the Counties of 

Guernsey, Hancock and Champaign. 

259. Memorial to Congress concerning a school grant in the Western Reserve. 

265. Resolution appointing trustees of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

266. Resolution concerning costs against certain delinquent lessees. 
266. Resolution concerning agent of Western Reserve school lands. 
267 . Resolution appointing trustees of College of Ripley. 

268. Resolution appointing a register of the Virginia Military School Lands. 

269. Resolution granting free tuition to an indigent student in each district in 

the Medical College. 
272. Resolution directing the Governor to provide for an inspection of the 
Medical College. 

Volume XXXII 
General: 
12. An act to provide for the revaluation of real property in this state. 
20. An act to provide for the punishment of certain crimes therein named. 



APPENDIX B 201 

PAGE 

25. An act to provide for the support and better regulation of Common 
Schools. 

38. An act concerning obstructing navigation, Muskingum River (fines for 

schools). 

39 . An act further to amend the act establishing a deaf and dumb asylum. 
47 . An act to provide for the inspection of salt. 

Local: 
33. An act appointing trustees of Miami University. 

76 . An act authorizing applying school funds on building, Guernsey County. 

84. An act appointing a trustee of Miami University. 

100. An act amending an act establishing the School Fund, Warren County. 

143 . An act providing for the distribution of the School Fund of Carroll County. 

168. An act authorizing the auditor to settle accounts. Section 16, Wayne 

County. 
187. An act providing for the distribution of United States Military School 

Funds. 
216. An act to provide a fund for the relief of widows and children of the clergy 

of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Ohio. 
427 . Making appropriations, Deaf and Dumb Asylum. 

ACTS INCORPORATING EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS 

Medina County Athenaeum, 8; Medina County Medical Lyceum, 9; Rome 
Library Company, 16; Young Men's Reading and Literary Society in Morgan, 
Ashtabula County, 31; German Lutheran Seminary, 46; Richfield Social Library, 
51; Baptist Convention of Ohio, 63; (amendatory) Norwalk Academy, 85; 
Springfield Lyceum, 105; Phylozetian Society, Western Reserve College, 105; 
Akron Lyceum and Library Association, Portage County, 122; Elyria Lyceum, 
140; Harmony Library Company, Muskingum County, 150; Guilford Lyceum, 
Medina County, 150; Chillicothe Lyceum and Mechanics' Institute, 165; Ravenna 
Academy, 177; Gustavus Center Library Company, Trumbull County, 177; 
Lagrange Library Association, Lorain County, 191; Philosophic Literary Society, 
Franklin College, 193; Cincinnati Law Library, 195; (amendatory) Granville 
Literary and Theological Institution, 215; Zanesville Juvenile Lyceum, 217; 
The Teachers' Institute, 217; Union Academy, Wayne County, 223; Spring- 
boro Library Company, Warren County, 225; Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 
226; Circleville Athenaeum, 234; Vinton Academy, Gallia County, 234; Free 
Discussion Library, Andover, Ashtabula County, 238; Montville Social Library 
Company, Geauga County, 265; Springfield High School, 270; Female Academy, 
Mt. Vernon, 333; Willoughby University of Lake Erie, 376; (amendatory) The 
Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 380. 

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS 

Presbyterian Church, Long Run, Columbiana County, 31; Free Will Baptist 
Church, Conneaut, Ashtabula County, 64; First Baptist Church Society, 
Ashtabula, Ashtabula County, 161; Mt. Zion M. E. Church, Clark County, 167; 
Presbyterian Church, Steubenville, 194; Baptist Church and Society, Conneaut, 
Ashtabula County, 329. 



202 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING OR LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Guernsey County, 30; Virginia Military School Lands, 42; Huron County, 
43; Jefferson County, 53; Hamilton County, 88; Columbiana County, 95; Butler 
County, 162; Athens County, 184; Allen County, 189; Tuscarawas County, 193; 
Washington County, 214; Stark County, 233; Sandusky County, 325. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

46. (Amendatory). Town of Chillicothe; (amendatory) town of Fulton, 116; 
City of Cincinnati (Sections 29 to 36), 244. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Trustees, Charity School of Kendal, 435; trustees, Ohio University, 436; 
distributing school laws, 450; public lands for education, 452; trustees, Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum, 453; West Point Military Academy, 456. 

Volume XXXIII 
General acts: 

(Amendatory). The method of levying taxes, 48; incorporation of town- 
ships, 49. 

Local acts: 

(Amendatory). Distribution of Urited States Military School Funds, 15; 
appointing trustee of the Miami University, 33; distribution of interest of Western 
Reserve School Fund, 394; appropriation for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 435. 

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS 

Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Seminary, 5; Richmond Classical Institute, 
Jefferson County, 21; (amendatory) Woodward High School, Cincinnati, 23; 
Penfield Library Society, Lorain County, 38; New Lyme Young Men's Library 
Society, 38; Kingsville High School, Ashtabula County, 48; Conneaut Academy, 
51; Marietta College, 53; Sidney Lyceum, 77; renaming the Ashtabula Institute 
of Science and Industry, Grand River Institute, 79; Windham Academy, 87; 
Granville Female Seminary, 87; Fellenburgh Institute, Medina County, 112; 
Milford Library Association, 117; (amendatory) Education Society, Painesville, 
118; Delaware Library Association, 119; Gallipolis Lyceum, 148; Roscoe Social 
Library, Coshocton County, 149; Hinckley Social Library Company, Medina 
County, 149; Western Female Seminary, Mansfield, 153; Darrtown Library 
Company, Butler County, 160; Eclectic Academy of Music, Cincinnati, 161; 
Wadsworth Academy, 190; Painesville Lyceum and Library Society, 197; Aca- 
demic Institution of Richfield, Medina County, 199; (amendatory) Miami Uni- 
versity, 298; Hamilton and Rossville Female Academy, 305; Wellington Social 
Library Company, 305; Western Baptist Education Society, 317; Vermilion 
Library Company, Huron County, 320; Circleville Female Seminary, 321; 
Bishop's Fraternal Calvanistic [sic] Baptist Seminary, 328; Urbana Juvenile 
Library, 330; (amendatory) Springfield High School, 341; Cuyahoga Lyceum, 
396; Peru Lyceum, 411. 



APPENDIX B 203 

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS 

Associated Congregation of West Union, Columbiana County, 3; First 
Presbyterian Society, Ashtabula, 7; Wardens and Vestrymen of the Parish of 
St. Peter's Church, Rome, Ashtabula County, 80; First Presbyterian Church, 
Brooklyn, Cuyahoga County, 114; First Regular Baptist Church of Christ, 
Frankfort, Ross County, 127; First Congregational Society, Litchfield, Medina 
County, 181; M. E. Church and Society, Ashtabula County, 184; First Pres- 
byterian Society, Wadsworth, Medina County, 198; Union Presbyterian Church, 
Bloom Township, Seneca County, 212; First Congregational Society, Harrisville, 
Medina County, 218; First Presbyterian Congregation of Olivesburgh, Richland 
County, 251; First Baptist Church, Norwalk, Huron County, 253; First Congre- 
gational Society, Solon, Cuyahoga County, 256; First Congregational Society, 
Strongville, Cuyahoga County, 301; Immanuel Church, New Philadelphia, 322; 
Regular Baptist Church, Wooster, Wayne County, 339; First Congregational 
Society, Munson, Geauga County, 342; First Presbyterian Church, Jefferson, 
Franklin County, 346; First Baptist Church, Cherry Valley, Ashtabula County, 
348; First Congregational Church, Vermilion, Huron County, 365; First Con- 
gregational Society, Kirtland, Geauga County, 374; First Universalist Society, 
Scipio, Seneca County, 401. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING OR LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 
Relief of Sylvester Pearson, Athens County, 13; (extending time of payment) 
Richland and Logan Counties, 34; (extending time of payment) Western Reserve, 
35; Allen County, 57; Butler County, 78; relief of purchasers in certain cases, 91; 
(extending time of payment) Butler County, 115; Western Reserve (to vote on 
sale) 128; W^ayne County, 150; Seneca County, 178; Wood County, 206; Colum- 
biana County, 214; Wood County, 302; Crawford County, 344; Harrison County, 
370; Allen County, 382; (extending time of payment) Richland County, 387. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Trustees, Charity School of Kendal, 438; Trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 
448; to ascertain the number of blind, 453; Trustees, Ohio Medical College, 458; 
Trustees, Ohio Medical College, 464. 

Volume XXXIV 
General: 

Law to incorporate religious societies, 17; providing for the support of Com- 
mon Schools, 19; making appropriations (Deaf and Dumb Asylum), 39. 

Local: 

Authorizing the use of township money for Common Schools (Darke County) 
446; (amendatory) distribution of Virginia Military School Fund, 469; appointing 
trustees, Miami University, 528; making an appropriation to Franklin College, 
610. 

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

Universal School of Massillon, 6; Young Men's Mercantile Library Associa- 
tion, Cincinnati, 25; (amendatory) Woodward High School, Cincinnati, 27; 



204 HISTORY ()!• i:Dn(ATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Bellville Library Company, Kichlaiid ("ounly, 83; Western At.idcMiy of Natural 
Sciences, 110; Ili^Iiland Library Association, 133; Wellsville Literary Institute, 
190; Putnam Classical Institute, 190; Bedford Lyceum, 191; Bedford Library 
Company, Cuyahofja County, 197; (amendatory) Nelson Academy, 222; Seneca 
County Academy, 242; Madison Liberal Instituti;, 242; Jefferson Literary Society, 
Franklin College, 2H9; ('allioi)ean Society, (iranville Literary Institution, 381; 
Hopewell Library Company, 383; Wooster Academy, 386; North Union School 
Association, Carroll County, 402; Shaw Academy, Cuyahoga County, 408; Rome 
Academical Company, Ashtabula County, 411; Academy of Sylvania, 458; 
Granville Academy, 460; Westfield Library Society, Medina County, 467; 
Brooklyn Library Company, C^iyaho^a C'ounty, 468; Greensville Library Associa- 
tion, 468; Port Washington Library and Lyceum Company, Tuscarawas C!ounty, 
488; Rutland Library Association, 488; Sharon Academy, Medina County, 514; 
Mclntire Poor School, Zanesville, 514; Medina Academy, 545; Brooklyn Lyceum, 
Cuyahoga County, 546; Cleves Imlcpcudent School, Ilamillou County, 547. 

ACTS CONCKKNING CHUKCH AND UELIGIOUS INCOKI'OKATIONS MICNTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS 

Associated Reform Church, Piqua, Miami County, 7; M. K. Church, Can- 
ton, Stark County, 11; hirst Con^jrcKational Church, Rome, Ashtabula 
County, 28; Presbyterian Church, Monroeville, JelTerson County, 43; German 
Reform Church, Dayton, Montgomery County, 45; First Methodist Society, 
Sandusky, Huron County, 47; Wardens and Vestrymen of Grace Church, Huron 
County, 51; Protestant Episcopal Church, Bellevue, Huron County, 53; First 
Congregational Society, Lagrange, Lorain County, 79; Lutheran and German 
Reform C'hurch, New Rimiley, Harrison County, 82; First Congregational 
Society, Concord, (ieauga County, 95; Cheviot Presbyterian Church, Hamilton 
County, 98; German Reform Church, Greene ('ounty, 119; Presbyterian Congre- 
gation, Carrolton, 182; M. K. Church, Wellsville, Columbiana County, 193; h'irst 
Presbyterian Church, Lower Sandusky, Sandusky County, 246; First Presby- 
terian Church, Knoxville, Jefferson County, 248; First Presbyterian Church, 
Norwalk, Huron County, 290; First Presbyterian Church, New Lisbon, 292; 
hirst Presbyterian (Miurch, Olive Township, Morgan County, 293; Akron and 
Middlebury Bajitist Church, 390; Imcc Will Ba|)tist Society, Ashtabula County, 
478; Presbyterian Church, Hebron, Licking County, 483; hirst h^piscopal Church, 
Maumee City, Lucas County, 486; Wardens and Vestrymen, St. Paul's Church, 
Norwalk, 513; Second Baptist Church and Society, Geauga County, 524; {-"irst 
Baptist Chun h, Madison, Geauga Comity, 555; h'irst Baptist Church, Massillon, 
587. 

ACTS CONCICKNING TIIK StCM.ING OK LKASINi; OK SCIlOOl, LANDS 

(Amendatory) Virginia Military District, 13; Carroll County, 16; Richland 
County, 72; Seneca County, 91; Jackson County, 118; Ohio Company's Pur- 
chase, 121; (extending the time of payment) Butler County, 128; Wayne Co unty, 
130; Butler (bounty, 134; Seneca County, 134; Relief of Charles Stewardi 144; 
twelve mile reserve, 152; Crawford County, 218; Guernsey County, 312; Carroll 
County, 313; (extending the time of payment) Richland Comity, 373; Crawford 
County, 400; (extending the time of payment) Logan County, 447; (extending 



APPENDIX B 205 

the time of payment) Richland County, 447; Ohio Company's Purchase, 523; 
Gallia County, 589. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

City of Ohio, Section 29, 226; City of Cleveland, Sections 19 to 29, 271; 
Town of Akron, Section 7, 433. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Register, Virginia Military School Lands, 639; report of Ohio University, 
643; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 643; distribution of school laws, 647; 
Committer on luluca(ioi) of Blind, (AH; trustees, College of Ripley, 649; School 
District Manual, 654; information on European school systems, 654; a deaf and 
dumb student, 662. 

Volume XXXV 
General: 

Declaring valid certain leases, 63; creating the office of Superintendent of 
Common Schools, 82; providing for a geological survey, 84; providing for distri- 
bution of the state's share of U. S. surplus, 97; to punish trespassers on public 
lands. 111 ; appropriations Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 113; provision for instruction 
of the blind, 1 16; receiving foreign pupils in Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 118; levying 
a tax for state purposes, 121. 

Local: 

Increasing the number of trustees and visitors of Common Schools, Cincin- 
nati, 141; appointing a trustee of the Miami University, 152; authorizing direc- 
tors to levy a tax for building purposes, Butler and Geauga Counties, 243, 

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

Franklin Scientific and Rhetorical Society, Western Reserve College, 3; 
Springborough School Company, Warren County, 3; Athenian Literary Society, 
Ohio University, 5; German Reformed Synod of Ohio, 9; Middleburg High School, 
Portage County, 20; Putnam Lyceum, Muskingum County, 22; Paris Library 
Association, Richland County, 47; New Lisbon Lyceum, 49; Blendon Library 
Society, PVanklin County, 53; St. Clairsville Collegiate Seminary, 55; North 
Royalton Social Library Society, Cuyahoga County, 96; Darby Creek Lyceum 
and Library Association, Union County, 104; (amendatory) St. Clairsville Female 
Collegiate Seminary, 108; Braceville Library Company, 119; Warren Academy, 
Trumbull County, 133; Sheffield Manual Labor Institute, 139; Columbus Literary 
and Scientific Institute, 167; Neville Institute, Columbiana County, 185; New 
Hagarstown Academy, Carroll County, 193; Monroe Lyceum of Natural History 
and Library Association, Ashtabula County, 195; Ruggles Library Society, Huron 
County, 196; Stark County Orphans' Institute, 201; New Philadelphia Library 
Society, 227; Berea Seminary, Cuyahoga County, 230; (amendatory) North 
Union School Association, Carroll County, 247; Philomathean Literary Institute, 
Antrim, Guernsey County, 262; Muskingum College, 272; (amendatory) Miami 
University, 303; Litchfield Lyceum and Society, Medina County, 336; Mechanics' 



206 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Institute, Lebanon, Warren County, 339; Sandusky City Lyceum and Library 
Society, Huron County, 340; Monroe Seminary, Monroe County, 342; Parma 
Library Association, Cuyahoga County, 346; Baptist Literary and Collegiate 
Institute, Huron County, 347; (amendatory) Platonic Library Society, Delaware 
County, 353; Wesleyan Collegiate Institute, 378; Troy Academy, Miami County, 
380; Stark County Lyceum, 405; New Philadelphia Academy, 406; Teachers' 
Institute, Licking County, 417; Massillon Academy, 425; (amendatory) Young 
Men's Library Association, Cincinnati, 445; Cleveland Female Seminary, 511; 
Cleveland Female Orphan Asylum, 513. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

(Extending time of payment) Virginia Military school lands, 10; Ohio 
Company's Purchase, 14; relief of John Feller, Fairfield County, 58; Muskingum 
County, 170; (repealing) relief of John Feller, 175; Monroe County, 184; Putnam 
County, 207; Crawford County, 221; Hamilton County, 224; Miami County, 
229; (extending time of payment) Logan County, 230; (extending time of pay- 
ment) Butler County, 242; Carroll County, 243; Wood County, 247; Monroe 
County, 261; Darke County, 265; Washington, Meigs and Gallia Counties, 267; 
Crawford County, 275; Jefferson County, 290; Wood County, 297; Crawford 
County, 319; Wood County, 321; Ohio Company's Purchase, 352; Hardin 
County, 437; (amendatory) selling of Section 16, 446. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

City of Toledo, Section 29, 32. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Athens College (requiring reports), 543; trustees. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 
558; Dr. Howe's Report, education of the blind, 559; appropriation, State Super- 
intendent of Common Schools, 560; State Library, 562; trustees, Ohio Institu- 
tion for the Blind, 566. 

Volume XXXVI 
General: 

For the support of Common Schools, 21; for the relief of the Medical College 
of Ohio, 37; making further provision for the Institution of the Blind, 49; amend- 
ing the act for the sale of Section 16, 63; an act relating to information in the 
nature of Quo Warranto (fines for schools), 68; authorizing County Auditors to 
permit certain school districts to receive their portion of school funds, 73; (amen- 
datory) distribution of the surplus revenue, 79; levying a tax for state and school 
purposes, 85; regulating office of County Auditors (school duties), 90; appropria- 
tions, State Library, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Professor Stowe's Report, and 
Superintendent of Common Schools, 92. 

Local: 

Authorizing certain school districts to borrow money for schoolhouses. 
Stark County, 164; authorizing the sale of public square, Winchester, Adams 
County(to erect school-house), 198; authorizing a loan to Ohio University, 204; 
for the relief of the town of Dover, Tuscarawas County, 211; authorizing a school 
district in Stark County to borrow money (building), 227; appointing trustees 
Miami University, 269. 



APPENDIX B 207 

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS 

Rush Medical Society' of Willoughby University of Lake Erie, 15; (amen- 
datory) Lane Seminary, 22; Theological Seminary of the Associated Reform 
Synod of the West, 34; Newark Athenaeum, 39; Akron High School, Portage 
County, 52; Cambridge Academy, Guernsey County, 98; Massillon Female 
Seminary, Stark County, 98; Granger Library Association, Medina County, 106; 
High Falls Primary Institute, Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga and Geauga Counties, 
107; Lenox Library Association, 127; Western Reserve Wesleyan Seminary, 157; 
Edinburgh Academy, 159; Columbus Female Benevolent Society, 185; Adelphic 
Society, Western Reserve College, 186; Literary, Historical and Philosophical 
Society, Canton, Stark County, 187; Wayne Academy, 190; Logan College, 203; 
Emigrants' Friends Society, Section 2, Cincinnati, 208; Norwalk Female Semin- 
ary, 210; Chester Academy, Geauga County, 223; Eaton Academy, Preble 
County, 231; Sandusky Academy, Huron County, 235; Canal Dover Lyceum, 
Tuscarawas County, 270; Young Men's Association, Toledo, 270; Union Acad- 
emy, Union County, 287; Dover Academy, Tuscarawas County, 317; Lebanon 
Medical Society, 347; Marion Academy, Marion County, 362; First Mechanics 
Lyceum, Marietta, Washington County, 365; Newark Association for the Pro- 
motion of Education, 371; Painesville Library Association, Geauga County, 378. 

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS 

Society of United Christians, Berea, Cuyahoga County, 238. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Monroe County, 38; (extending time of payment) Warren County, 49; 
Richland County, 50. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

(Amendatory) town of Fulton (Section 2), 199; (amendatory) City of Cin- 
cinnati (Section 6), 241; City of Chillicothe (Section 30), 274; (amendatory) 
Town of Portsmouth (Sections 14 to 23), 329. 

Resolutions concerning: 

State Superintendent of Common Schools, 399; Trustees, Medical College 
of Ohio, 402; Professor Stowe's Report (Elementary Public Education in Europe), 
402; Members of the Geological Corps, 403; Geological Survey, 404; Professor 
Stowe's Report, 404; appropriating five hundred dollars. Professor Stowe, 404; 
trustees, Charity School of Kendal, 404; trustees, Ohio Institution for the Blind, 
408; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 409; Common School Reports and C. E. 
Stowe's Report, 410; appointing Superintendent of Common Schools, 411; school 
tax on colored people, 412; school lands in land acquired from Indians, 413; Report 
of Superintendent of Common Schools, 415; concerning a state University for 
teachers, 418. 



208 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Volume XXXVII 
General: 

To regulate incorporated literary societies, 49; (amendatory) for the regula- 
tion of Common Schools, 61; authorizing the Canal Fund Commissioners to 
borrow money, 68; making appropriations of various items concerning education, 
71; for the relief of holders of leases of Section 16, 78. 

Local: 

Authorizing school trustees to borrow money, Gallipolis, 20; (amendatory) 
trustees of Windham School Fund, 50; organizing Hamilton, Butler County, 
into two school districts, 51; authorizing Chillicothe to borrow money (school 
purposes), 64; concerning medical and surgical supervision of the Commercial 
Hospital of Ohio, 71; authorizing Troy and Miami Counties to borrow money, 
school building, 136; to remit a building tax, Ashtabula County, 224; to levy a 
school tax, 235; appointing trustees, Ohio University, 277; authorizing Wooster 
to borrow money (school purposes), 283; dividing Akron into two school districts, 
385. 

ACTS CONCKKNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

Bigelow High School, Xenia, 6; Johnstown Lyceum, Licking County, 13; 
Rockport Lyceum, Cuyahoga County, 18; McConnelsville Library and Reading 
Room Association, 21; Marlinsburg Academy, Knox County, 30; Blendon Young 
Men's Seminary, 43; Ashland Academy, Richland County, 44; Western Reserve 
Teachers' Seminary, 79; Oxford Female Academy, 80; First Universalian Relig- 
ious Library Society, Harmar, 84; Asbury Seminary, Chagrin Falls, 109; St. 
Mary's Library Association, 126; Dayton Mechanics' Institute, 135; Worthington 
Female Seminary, 141; Martinsville Silliman Institute and Library Company, 
144; Philomathean Society, Ohio University, 146; Franklin Library Association, 
147; Universalist Institute, Ohio City, 155; Parkman Academy, Geauga County, 
156; Monroe Academical Association, Monroe County, 166; Woodsficid Lyceum, 
168; Ilarveysburg High School Company, Warren County, 169; Barnesville 
Male Academy, 172; Conncaut Lyceum, 190; Literary and Botanico Medical 
College of the State of Ohio, 208; Klizabethtown Circulating Library Company, 
Licking County, 217; Perrysburgh Lyceum and Library Association, 219; Brook- 
lyn (\Mitre Academy, 222; Auglaize Seminary, 254; Lithopolis Academy, 255; 
Worthington Literati, 257; Meigs County High School and Teachers' Institute, 
257; Mt. Pleasant Boarding School, 262; Fredonia Social Library, Licking County, 
263; Cuyahoga Falls Institute, 282; Ravenna Female Seminary, 291; Malta 
Lyceum, 294; Fairfield Library Association, Huron County, 295; Philomathean 
Literary Institute changed to Madison College, Guernsey County, 308; New 
Hagerstown l'\Miiale Seminary, 344; (supplementary) Theological Seminary 
Protestant b^piscopal Church, 353. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SICLLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

(Extending time of payment) Butler County, 10; Columbiana County, 39; 
Jefferson County, 88; (relief of John Wolfe) Montgomery County, 130; Hocking 
County, 140; Cirecnc County, 170; Jackson County, 198; (extending time of pay- 
ment) Holmes County, 260; (relief of two lessees) Clark County, 315; Jefferson 
County, 387. 



AIMMCNDIX li 209 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCKKNIN(; SCHOOLS 

Support and l)cttcr regulation of pul)lic schools, /..mcsvillc, 1')1; (aimiida- 
tory) City of Cincinnati, Section 6, 297. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Report of tlie Siiperinlendent of Common Sdiools, .S94; trustees. College of 
Ripley, 395; trustees, Blind Asylum, 4().i; Miami University, 40,^; register, Vir- 
ginia Military District School Lands, 404; (exemption from liiitioii) (wo deaf and 
duml) students, 405; trustees, Deaf and Duml) Asylum, 414. 

VOLUMK XXXVIII 
General: 

Levying taxes. Section 1,3; an act concerning indosures (fines for schools), 
4; inspection of salt (fines for schools), 23; (amendatory) an act for the punish- 
ment of certain ofTences, 57; (amendatory) incorporating townships, 58; (ameufla- 
tory) sale of Section 16, 61; (amendatory) sale of school lands. United States 
Military School District, 62; (amendatory) levying taxes. Section 1, 81; (extend- 
ing time of payment) purchasers of school lands, 83; abolishing the oflice of 
Superintendent of Common Schools, 130; making apjjroprial ions (various edu- 
cational items), 144. 

Local: 

Appointing trustees, Miami University, 96; (amendatory) regulating the 
fur trade (fees for schools), 129; to establish a school district, Warren Comity, 
145; (amendatory) to establish a school fund in Warren County, 149. 

ACTS CONCliRNING INCOKPOKATION OK I.DUCATIONAL AND I.ITICKAKY 
INSTITUTIONS 
Airitigton Lyceum, 6; Ilarmer Lyceum, 19; Youth's Neville Lii)rary Society, 
19; Marysville Library Institute, 28; Oxford Lil)rary .Society, Mutli-r County, 29; 
Bascom Seminary of Waynesburg, Stark County, 29; Literary and Philosophical 
Society, Smithfield, Jefferson County, 30; Addison Library Association, Cham- 
paign County, 36; Athenian Library Society, Warren County, 37; Portsmouth 
Library Company, 45; Kalida Lyceum, 71; Alpha Kappa Society, Marietta 
College, 78; (repealing) Stark County Or|)hans' Institute, 87; Miami Society, 
104; Hurlington Libniry Association, Lawrence County, 111; Union Literary 
Society, Miami University, 125; Creenfield Institute, Huron County, 127; Streets- 
borough I ligh .School, 127; Cleveland A(ad(;my of Natural Sciences, 138; l'"armers' 
and Mechanics' Institute, Hamilton County, 139; Willoughi)y l'"cmale Academy, 
155; Protestant Methodist Academy of Brighton, 155; I'ranklin Literary .Soc:iety, 
Bellville, Richland County, 163; (amendatory) establishing a college in Worthing- 
ton, 174; Twinsburg Library Association, 179; Reading Mutual Improvement 
and Library Association, Hamilton County, 183; American Lyceum of Education, 
Cincinnati, 192; (repealing) Washington Social Library Company, 197. 

ACTS CONCKRNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Steubenville land district, 14; Lawrence County, 42; relief of lessee, Harrison 
County, 62; Preble County, 66; Washington County, 77; Knox County, Kl; 
Greene County, 96; Lucas County, 97; (relief of Timothy livarls) Richland 



210 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

County, 107; Williams County, 109; Allen County, 125; Columbiana County, 
131; Scioto County, 132; Delaware County 133; Athens County, 143; Shelby 
County, 144; Akron School District, 145; (relief of two lessees) Washington 
County, 160; Tuscarawas County (Moravian school lands), 164; Lucas County, 
177; (relief of lessees) Stark County, 178; Columbiana and Carroll Counties, 
180; (amendatory) Ohio University lands, 183; (relief of David Holbrook) Morgan 
County, 195; Meigs County, 211. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

City of Cincinnati, Sections 9 to 12, 157. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Use of State Library, 217; deaf and dumb student, 217; interest on school 
funds, 220; report of Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 224; admission of certain indigent 
students to Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 233; trustees. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 243; 
trustees, Ohio University, 244; trustee, Ohio Institution for Instruction of Blind, 
246. 

Volume XXXIX 
General: 

Extending time for payment to purchasers of school lands in this state, 25; 
making appropriations (various educational items), 29; (amendatory) for the 
prevention of certain immoral practices, 33; (amendatory) providing for the 
distribution of this state's proportion of the surplus revenue, 41; an act declara- 
tory of the law in certain cases, and to prohibit the appraisers of land from pur- 
chasing same, 42; (amendatory) an act for the support and better regulation of 
Common Schools, 44. 
Local: 

Appointing trustees of the Miami University, 122; authorizing the trustees 
of Zanesville Township to lay off in school districts the part of the township not 
included in the limits of Zanesville, 128; to form a new school district, Franklin 
County, 177; to form a new school district, Troy Township, Richland County, 
178. 

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

The Phi Delta Society of Western Reserve College, 4; The Ridgeville Lyceum, 
Lorain County, 7; Massillon Lyceum, Stark County, 9; The Cincinnati New 
Jerusalem Church School Association, 11; Jamestown Literary Society, Greene 
County, 27; Psi Gamma Society, Marietta College, 44; Cincinnati Academy of 
Fine Arts, 50; Edinburgh Academy, Wayne County, 51; Columbus Literary Ly- 
ceum, 52; Beaver Lyceum, 52; Franklin Institute of the Town of Portsmouth, 52; 
Lower Sandusky Literary and Scientific Institute, 53; Franklin Library Associa- 
tion of Carlisle and Elyria, Lorain County, 53; Orange Library Association, 
Cuyahoga County, 54; Burlington Academy, Lawrence County, 62; Athens Fe- 
male Academy, 65; Berkshire Education Society, Delaware County, 103; Mayfield 
Circulating Library, Cuyahoga County, 103; Franklin Library Society, Water- 
ford, Knox County, 104; (amendatory) Berea Seminary, Cuyahoga County, 104; 
Canton Male Seminary, Stark County, 125; Middletown Academy, Butler 
County, 134; Gustavus Academy, Trumbull County, 134; Kinsman Academy, 
Trumbull County, 134; Literary and Botanico Medical College, 161. 



APPENDIX B 211 

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS 

(Amendatory) Incorporating the Wardens and Vestrymen of Grace Church 
in Sandusky City, 160. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

(Amendatory) Allen County, 5; (relief of Hartman Bower) Sandusky County, 
6; Stark County, 13; Sandusky County, 18; Darke County, 20; Columbiana 
County, 45; Hancock County, 73; Knox County, 85; Mercer County, 89; Wil- 
liams County, 93; Sandusky County, 116; Ohio Company's Purchase, 129; 
Marion County, 166; Lucas County, 168; Wood County, 170; United States 
Reserve of Lucas County, 171; United States Reserve of Lucas County, 173. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

To regulate Common Schools in the town of Marietta, 22; incorporating 
and establishing the city of Dayton (Sections 29 to 33), 135. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Trustees, Neville Institute, 183; trustees. Medical College of Ohio, 184; 
use of State Library, 185; trustee, Ohio Institute for the Blind, 186; trustee, Ohio 
University, 186; trustees. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 190; deed for school land, 
191; education of certain blind persons, 195. 

Volume XL 
General: 

(Amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Common Schools, 
etc., 49; making appropriations (various school items), 59. 

Local: 

Authorizing a school district in Muskingum County to sell a part of school- 
house lot, 24; to alter certain school districts, Bucyrus, Crawford County, 37; 
authorizing the levy of an additional tax. School District No. 2, Rome Township, 
Ashtabula County, 48; for the relief of the Fund Commissioners of Clermont 
County, 69; (amendatory) authorizing trustees of Troy Township to lay off a 
school district, 89; for the relief of the Mayor, Recorder and Trustees of Dresden, 
Muskingum County, 97; authorizing the sale of the public square in Jacksonville, 
Adams County (funds for school use), 103; making special appropriations in 
favor of Shelby, Cuyahoga and Lawrence Counties, 182. 

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 
First Moral Library Association of Williamsfield, Ashtabula County, 5; 
Chagrin Falls Mechanics Library Association, Cuyahoga County, 16; Mechanics 
Institute, Urbana, 16; Philomathean Literary Society, Monroe Academy, 23; 
Union Library Association, Ashtabula County, 31; Dover Library Association, 
Cuyahoga County, 35; Donnelsville Library Association, Clark County, 36; 
(amendatory) Protestant Methodist Academy in the Village of Brighton, Cuya- 



212 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

hoga County, 59; Trustees of the Central College of Ohio, 77; Iviton Medical 
Society, 83; St. Xavier College, 84; Orwell Library and Reading Society, Ashta- 
bula County, 85; Pine Grove Academy, Porter, Gallia County, 86; (amendatory) 
Urbana Academy, 88; (amendatory) Wesleyan University, 111; (repealing) 
Granville Alexandria Society, 113; Ohio Conference High School, Springfield, 
Clark County, 114; Canaan Union Academy, 116; Tallmadge Academical Insti- 
tute, 117; Hath High School, Hath, Summit County, 119; Lafayette University, 
New Carlisle, Clark County, 119; Findlay Literary Lyceum, Hancock County, 
121; IJatavia Mechanics Institute, 121; Portsmouth Mechanics Institute and 
Mechanics Library Association, 122; (amendatory) Philozcjthian Society of the 
Western Reserve College, 122; Wilksville Lyceum, Gallia County, 123; (amenda- 
tory) Miami University, 123; (amendatory) Barnesville Male Academy, 128. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Athens County, 3; Seneca County, 36; Sandusky County, 66; Crawford 
County, 81; Marion County, 86; Crawford County, 89; Muskingum County, 
101; Lucas County, 108; Perry County, 124; Lucas County, 128; Jackson County, 
135; Meigs County, 137; Miami Purchase, 138; Sandusky County, 141; Williams 
County, 144; Putnam County, 150; Tuscarawas County, 173; Sandusky County, 
198. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 
(Amendatory) City of Cinciimati, Section 2, 143. 

Resolutions concerning: 

An indigent blind student, 205; trustees. Charity School of Kendal, 206; a 
certain blind student, 211; register of the Virginia Military District School 
Lands, 212; trustees, Ciiarity School of Kendal, 212; a certain deaf and dumb 
student, 215; a certain blind stutlent, 215; a certain deaf and dumb student, 216; 
a blind student, 217; a deaf and dumb student, 217; Ohio University lands, 218; 
trustees, Deaf and Duml) Asylum, 228; trustee, Ohio Institute for the Blind, 230. 

Volume XL — Second Session 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 
Lucas County, 2. 

Resolutions concerning: 

A certain deaf and (huub student, 7, use of State Library, 7. 

Volume XLI 
General: 

An act to extend the time of payment of purchasers of school lands in this 
state, 4; regulating the sale of ministerial and school lan<ls and the surrender of 
permanent leases thereto, 20; (amendatory) making further provision for the 
instruction of the blind, 57; (amendatory) for the support and better regulation 
of Common Schools, etc., 59; for the regulation of county jails, 74; making 
appropriations (various educational items), 95. 



APPENDIX B 213 

Local: 

(Repealing) Incorporating the town of Mount Eaton, 49; authorizing the 
trustees of Milton Township, Trumbull County, to lay off the township into 
school districts, 60; authorizing the trustees of Painesville Township, Licking 
County, to divide the town into school districts, 62; appointing trustee of Miami 
University, 87; an act to erect the Risdon Common School District, 125; Mor- 
gan County Medical Society, 145; trustees of the Methodist Female Collegiate 
Institute of Cincinnati, 146; Oakland Female Seminary, Hillsborough, 148; 
making a special appropriation to Champaign County for school purposes, 155; 
New Paris Musical Institute, Preble County, 174; Massillon Young Men's 
Polemic Society, Stark County, 175; Mechanics Lyceum and Library Association 
of Warren, Trumbull County, 176; to divide the town of Lancaster into school 
districts, 216; to divide School District No. 1, Warren Township, Trumbull 
County, 219; to change the name of the Franklin Society of Granville College, 220; 
Bellefontaine Ohio College, 220; Mechanics Association of Fulton, Hamilton 
County, 226. 

ACTfc CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

Berlin Union Society, Holmes County, 9; amending the charter of Ohio 
Wesleyan University, 12; trustees of the Germania College, 12; Young Men's 
Literary Association of Springfield, 14; New Lisbon Academy, Columbiana 
County, 14; Defiance Literary Lyceum, Williams County, 15; (amendatory) 
trustees of the Windham School Fund, 26; The Young Men's Franklin Society 
of Granville College, 30; St. Mary's Female Institute, Cincinnati, 46; Wayne 
Township Lyceum, Jefferson County, 52; Badger Library Society of Plain, Wood 
County, 52; Maumee City Academy, Lucas County, 62; Providence College, 
Harrison County, 63; New Orange Library Society of Cass, Miami County, 85; 
Western Reserve Free Will Baptist Academical Society, 85; Alexandria Literary 
Society, Licking County, 86; Jefferson Library Association, Jefferson Township, 
Ashtabula County, 91; Beverly College at Beverly, 92; Aloysius Orphan Society 
of Cincinnati, 112; Cambrian Association of Cincinnati for the Diffusion of Useful 
Knowledge, 114; The Miami Union Literary Society, Miami University, 125; 
Lebanon Academy, Warren County, 127; (amendatory) the German Lutheran 
Seminary of the German Lutheran Synod of Ohio, 129; (declaratory) the Ohio 
University, 144. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Hamilton County, 61; Wood County, 90; Richland County, 90; Washington 
County, 110; Putnam County, 111; Hancock County, 111; United States Reserve, 
Lucas County, 112; Hancock County, 126; Monroe County, 141 ; Athens County, 
141; Wood County, 142; Seneca County, 142; Athens County, 143; Tuscarawas 
County, 143; Columbiana County, 144; Williams County, 175; Darke County, 
176; Paulding County, 177; Williams County, 217; Williams County, 218. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

(Amendatory) The City of Cleveland, 130. 



214 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Resolutions concer7iing: 

Remission of taxes on certain university lands, 241; the instruction of a 
certain blind Chinese child, 245; reports from state instruction, 248; a deaf and 
dumb student, 248; a deaf and dumb student, 249; trustees. Asylum for Deaf 
and Dumb, 253; a deaf and dumb student, 253; compensation of Ephraim Cutler 
as Commissioner of Schools, 256; Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 261. 

Volume XLII 
General: 

An act in relation to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 8; reducing the compensa- 
tion of members of the General Assembly and certain other state and county 
officers, 21; an act in addition to an act to provide for the inspection of salt (fines 
for schools), 33; preventing the introduction and spread of the Canada Thistle 
(fines for schools), 37; increasing the revenue of the state Common School Fund 
and making permanent the transfer thereto, 38; an act to amend an act entitled, 
"An act to extend the time of payment of purchasers of School Lands in this 
state," 39; an act to amend the act to regulate the sale of school and ministerial 
lands and the surrender of permanent leases thereto, 43; an act to amend the act 
entitled, "An act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools, 
etc.," 48; an act making appropriations for the year 1844 (various educational 
items), 78. 

Local: 

To erect a school district in Portage Township, Summit County, 3; to divide 
School District No. 1, Warren Township, Trumbull County, 19; authorizing 
School Districts 10 and 11, Painesville Township, Lake County, to levy a 
special tax, etc., 126; vesting the property belonging to the Knoxville School 
Company in the Knoxville School District in Jefferson County, 212. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

Sylvania High School Company, Lucas County, 60; Lebanon Academy, 80; 
(amendatory) Western Reserve College, 95; (amendatory) Calliopean Society of 
the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, 102; Acts to incorporate cer- 
tain societies therein named, 102: 

1. The Oberlin Young Men's Lyceum, 

2. Erodelphian Society, Gallipolis, 

3. The Handel Society of Western Reserve College; 

West Lodi Academy, Seneca County, 107; Champson Library Association, 
Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County, 110; Institute of Lower Sandusky, Sandusky 
County, 112; Franklin Academy, Portage County, 115; Cincinnati Astronomical 
Society, 122; (amendatory) Beverly College, 160; Western Reserve Free Will 
Baptist Educational Society, 163; Cincinnati Philosophical Library Association, 
Hamilton County, 169; Dayton Female Association for the Benefit of Orphans, 
172; Salem Academy, Buckskin Township, Ross County, 178; Dudley Medical 
University of Wadsworth, 179; Summit County Medical Society, 183; Laurain 
Institute, 184; The Board of Directors of the English Lutheran Theological and 
Collegiate Institute at Wooster, Wayne County, 189; Waynesville Academy, 



APPENDIX B 215 

Warren County, 191; Keene Academy, Coshocton County, 210; Ravenna Library 
Association, 213; (amendatory) North Union School Association of Carroll 
County, 221. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Hancock County, 6; Sandusky County, 29; Carroll County, 66; Gallia 
County, 67; Columbiana County, 83; Twelve Mile Square Reserve, 99; Morgan 
County, 111; Putnam County, 121; Williams County, 131; Meigs County, 132; 
Sandusky County, 132; Monroe County, 133; Crawford County, 146; Hocking 
County, 149; Hocking County, 155; Williams County, 156; Ottawa County, 156; 
Williams County, 157; Seneca County, 158; Monroe County, 161; Mercer County, 
161; Meigs County, 178; Scioto County, 190; Delaware County, 194; Butler 
County, 206; Williams County, 206. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Incorporation of churches, religious societies, towns, literary societies, 
library associations, etc., 250; report of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 251; report 
of the Asylum for the Blind, 252; an oculist for the Asylum for the Blind, 253; 
clothing for certain blind, and deaf and dumb students, 256; trustees, Neville 
Institute, 256; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 258; documents for library 
associations, 260; apparatus, etc., for the Blind Asylum, 270; trustees, Institution 
of the Blind, 270; trustees, Ohio Medical College, 271; trustees, Ohio University, 
273. 

VolumeXLIII 
General: 

An act to prevent the firing of cannons upon public streets and highways 
(fines for the use of schools), 17; fixing the minimum price for school lands, 58 
regulating the State Library, 58; regulating literary and other societies, 70 
(amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Common Schools, etc., 98 
making appropriations (various educational items), 129; (amendatory) for the 
support and better regulation of Common Schools, 132. 

Local: 

Authorizing certain investments of a fund bequeathed by Mrs. Eunice Buck- 
ingham for the purposes of Female Education, 42; to regulate the fur trade, etc., 
(fines for the use of schools), 140; for the relief of Johnathan D. Schultz, 255. 

To regulate Common Schools in the Township of Portland, Erie County, 
285; for the relief of creditors of the Granville Alexandrian Society, 311; for the 
relief of School District No. 10 in Sugar Creek township, Greene County, 334; for 
the relief of the township of Hocking, Fairfield County, 353; to divide the town of 
Hudson, Summit County, into two school districts, 368; authorizing the trustees 
of Cincinnati College to borrow money to erect college buildings, 376; authorizing 
the towns of Painesville and Norwalk to levy a tax for the benefit of Common 
Schools therein, 379; authorizing the City of Cincinnati to erect a house of correc- 
tion, 393; for the relief of the Mount Pleasant Boarding School, 398; to attach 
certain territory to the City of Columbus for school purposes, 404; supplementary 
to an act increasing the number of trustees and visitors of Common Schools, 
Cincinnati, 413. 



216 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS 

(Amendatory) Marietta College, 4; Tallmadge Academical Institute, Sum- 
mit County, 12; Calvinistic Book Concern, 15; Bedford Seminary, Cuyahoga 
County, 16; College of Dental Surgery, Cincinnati, 32; Cincinnati Classical 
Academy, 39, 42 ; (amendatory) Granville Literary and Theological Institution, 54; 
Ohio Baptist Book and Tract Society, 56; The Young Men's Book Association, 
West Canaan, Madison County, 61; German Library Association, Cincinnati, 64; 
Trustees of the Columbus Academical and Collegiate Institute, 65; New Carlisle 
Social Library Company, Clark County, and the Library Association of Harlem, 
Carroll County, 68; Tallmadge Library Association, Summit County, 70; Aurora 
Academical Institute, Portage County, 75; Fort Meigs University, 80; Ohio Bap- 
tist Education Society, 86; Cooper Female Academy in Dayton, 87; Akron Insti- 
tute, 89; New Orphans' Asylum of Colored Children of Cincinnati, 101; Rocky 
River Seminary, 121; Hunterian Society of the Medical Department of Western 
Reserve College, 130; (amendatory) the Summit College Medical Society, 141; 
Findlay Academical Institute, Hancock County, 203; Putnam Union Sunday 
School Depository, Muskingum County, 205; (amendatory) North Union School 
Association of Carroll County, 213; Vermillion Institute, 229; Miamisburg Library 
Association, 274; Cottage Hill Academy in Trumbull County, 289; Normal High 
School, Carroll County, 292; The Trustees of the Protestant University of the 
United States, 338; trustees of the Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 357; to incor- 
porate certain literary societies, 361; Sec. 3. Newcomerstown Literary Society, 
Tuscarawas County; Sec. 4. Farmers and Mechanics Library Association, West 
Lodi, Seneca County; Sec. 7. Corwin Literary Institute, Springboro, Warren 
County; Sec. 8. Middletown Academy in Butler County; Sec. 9. German Catholic 
Library Association of Cincinnati; Sec. 10. Donnelsville Library Association, 
Clark County; Sec. 11. Union Society of Oberlin Collegiate Institute, Lorain 
County; Sec. 12. Trustees and subscribers of the School Fund Society, Ross 
County; Sec. 13. Hanover Social Library Association in Butler County; Sec. 14. 
Erie County Antiquarian Society; Sec. 15. Lower Sandusky Phrenological 
Mesmeric Institute, Sandusky County; Board of Directors of Wittenberg Col- 
lege, 375; London Academy, Madison County, 384; Linton Library Association in 
Washington County, 389; West JefTerson Academical Institute, Madison County, 
409. 

ACTS CONCERNING SELLING AND LEASING SCHOOL LANDS 

Putnam County, 9; Seneca County, 12; Mercer County, 18; Putnam County, 
22; Fairfield County and Licking County, 30; Athens and Meigs County, 38; 
Lucas County, 39; Lucas County, 41; Marion County, 48; Twelve Mile Square 
Reserve, 66; Williams County, 92; Sandusky County, 115; Washington County, 
120; Allen County, 124; Sandusky County, 125; Sandusky County, 126; Richland 
County and Knox County, 128; Williams County, 140; Hamilton County, 143; 
Sandusky County, 146; Putnam County, 169; Lucas County, 170; Lucas County, 
176; Perry, Morgan and Muskingum Counties, 205; Holmes County, 221; Stark 
County, 224; Fairfield and Licking Counties, 236; Williams County, 256; Athens 
County, 270; Holmes County, 325; Monroe County, 343; Meigs County, 344; 
Marion County, 357; Monroe County, 364; Gallia County, 367; Fairfield County, 
372; Belmont County, 397; Crawford County, 407. 



APPENDIX B 217 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

Columbus, 57; Mt. Vernon, 150. 
Resolutions concerning: 

Ohio Historical and Philosophical Society, 432; a certain blind student, 432; 
Government grants for aid of instruction of the deaf and dumb and blind, 434; 
a certain blind student, 435; sending school laws to certain counties, 438; dis- 
tributing court decisions to library institutions, 438; furnishing documents to the 
New York Historical Society, 441; trustees, Miami University, 442; copies of 
school laws to Summit County, 443; religious and moral instructor for the Ohio 
Penitentiary, 446; forwarding certain documents to Alexander Vattemare, Paris, 
France, 448; register of Virginia Military school lands, 450; reports from the 
Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylums, 451; oculist for the Institution of the Blind, 
451; admission of teachers into state asylums and the state library, 463; trustee, 
Ohio Institution for Blind, 464; trustees. Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 465. 

Volume XLIV 
General: 

An act more effectually to prevent gambling (fines for the use of schools), 
10; an act for the more effectual protection of enclosures, (fines for the use of 
schools) 76; an act in relation to religious, literary and other incorporated societies, 
79; an act authorizing school districts to establish libraries for the use of Common 
Schools, 81; an act for levying taxes on all property in this state, etc., 85; an act 
to amend such acts in relation to the Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb and for 
the Blind, 111; (amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Common 
Schools, 114; an act making appropriations (various educational items), 130 . 

Local: 

For the relief of School District 5, Eaton Township, Lorain County, and 
School District 5, Caesar's Creek Township, Greene County, 3 ; an act for the 
relief of John N. Ingalls and Wesley Johnson, Muskingum County, 29; authoriz- 
ing the town of Putnam, Muskingum County, to divide School District No. 1, 
in said town, ii\ authorizing the city council of Cleveland to levy an additional 
tax for Common School purposes, 55; (amendatory) an act dividing the town of 
Lancaster into school districts, 89; authorizing Findlay Township, Hancock 
County, to divide District No. 1, 108; authorizing the directors of School District 
No. 1, Napoleon Township, Henry County, to exchange certain lots, 121; relief 
of trustees, Saybrook township, Ashtabula County, 121 ; authorizing the president 
of Chillicothe Academy to convey certain property, 123; an act for the relief of 
the sureties of Hamilton Robb, 200; authorizing the trustees of the several town- 
ships in Mercer County to select a section of land for school purposes in lieu of 
Section 16, 226; for the relief of School District No. 4, in Bath Township, Greene 
County, 238; to enlarge school house, Delhi Township, Hamilton County, 244; 
an act for the relief of School District 14, Fairfield County, 268. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPOR.\TION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS 

Baldwin Institute, Middleburg, Cuyahoga County, 4; (amendatory) Ver- 
million Institute at Haysville, Ohio, 65; Loudonville Academy, Richland County, 
107; Norwalk Institute, 122; (amendatory) Cincinnati College, 157; Madison 



218 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Education Society, Lake County, 161 ; Farmers' College of Hamilton County, 
163; trustees of the Wesleyan Female College of Cincinnati, 171; the Liverpool 
Seminary, Columbiana County, 236. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Crawford County, 11; Columbiana County, 13; Fairfield County, 25; Jef- 
ferson County, 35; Lucas County, 77; Gallia County, 78; Jefferson County, 80; 
Seneca County, 92; Connecticut Western Reserve School Land, 104; Seneca 
County, 124; Butler County, 126; Meigs County, 166; Monroe County, 244; 
Scioto County, 253. 

TOWN AND CITY ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

(^Amendatory) City of Cincinnati, 7; an act for the better classification of 
Schools of Cincinnati and Dayton, and for other purposes, 91; (amendatory) 
City of Toledo, 208; an act to regulate Common Schools in Maumee City, in the 
County of Lucas, and Elyria, in the County of Lorain, 261. 

Resoluiions concerning: 

Trustees, Charity School of Kendal, 293; copies of the school law for Wash- 
ington County, 293; Mclntire School Fund, 294; Reports of the Institution for 
the Blind, 295; reports for the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 296; 
printing report of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 296; the title to certain school 
lands, 298; copies of the school laws to Lorain County, 299; trustee, Miami 
Lfniversity, 302; copies of the school law, 315; trustees, Ohio University, 317; 
trustees. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 324; trustees, Institution for the 
Blind, 325. 

Volume XLV 
General: 

Amending the act to extend the time of payment to purchasers of school 
lands, etc., 21; repealing the act providing for the inspection of salt, etc., 22; 
amending the act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools, 
etc., 26; an act to provide for the appointment of county superintendents of 
Common Schools, and defining their duties in certain counties therein named, 32; 
an act regulating the sale of intoxicating liquors (fines for schools) , 39 ; an act mak- 
ing appropriations (various educational items), 56; an act to amend the act for 
levying taxes on all property, etc., 60; an act to incorporate teachers' institutes, 
67. 

Local: 

Authorizing the sale of certain lots in the town of Jefferson, Fairfield County, 
and the application of the proceeds to the erection of a school-house, 73; authoriz- 
ing the president and trustees of Miami University to relinquish certain rents, 85; 
(amendatory) authorizing the city council of Cincinnati to erect a house of cor- 
rection, 112; an act to prevent Intemperance in Medina, Huron and Erie Counties, 
131; for the relief of School District No. 2, German Township, Harrison County, 
and School District No. 10, Washington Township, Clermont County, 139; an 
act to quiet the title of certain lands in Paulding County, 149; an act to enable 
the town of Bellville to convey a lot of land, 166; an act to provide for the funding 
of debts for the Ohio University, 176. 



APPENDIX B 219 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS 

(Amendatory) Willoughby University of Lake Erie, 7; authorizing the 
establishment of professorships in the Farmers' College, Hamilton County, 67; 
(amendatory) Baldwin Institute, 89; Mansfield Academical Institute, and 
amending the act to incorporate the Ohio Mechanics' Institute, 99; Marietta 
Female College, 140. 

ACTS CONCERNING SELLING AND LEASING SCHOOL LANDS 

Wyandot County, 4; Belmont County, 5; Belmont County, 8; Stark County, 
10; Washington County, 14; Carroll County, 53; Gallia County, 54; Fairfield 
County, 54; Van Wert County, 66; Williams County, 71; Richland County, 103; 
Seneca and Wyandot Counties, 104; Greene County, 116; Meigs County, 121; 
Hamilton County, 158; Seneca County, 167; Perry County, 173; Morgan County, 
174; Delaware County, 174; Hamilton County, 176; Stark County, 191; Defiance 
County, 192. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 

An act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in School 
District No. 1 in Ravenna, 121; (amendatory) City of Cleveland, Section 1, 
135; Town of Marion, Marion County, Section 9, 161. For the support and 
better regulation of Common Schools in the town of Akron, 187; authorizing the 
city council of Cincinnati to levy taxes for school purposes, 193. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Reports of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 196; Institution for the Blind, 199; 
the collection of natural curiosities for the State Library, 200; forwarding school 
laws to Sandusky County, 201; trustees Charity School of Kendall, 204; report 
of the Superintendent of Common Schools, 207; furnishing the Superintendents 
of the Asylums with copies of the revised laws, 208; trustees. Medical College of 
Ohio, 208; trustee, Ohio University, 212; trustee. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and 
Blind Asylum, 223; employment of James Russell by Smithsonian Institute, 224. 

Volume XLVI 
General: 

An act to secure the returns of the statistics of Common Schools, 28; an 
act amending the act granting licenses to peddlers, etc. (fines for Common 
Schools), 36; an act to enable the inhabitants of the Connecticut Reserve to give 
their consent to the sale of their school lands, 38; an act to provide for extending 
the provisions of an act entitled "an act for the support and better regulation of 
Common Schools in the town of Akron," and the amendatory acts thereto, to the 
cities and incorporated towns of this state, 48; an act to amend the 18th Section 
of the School Law of March 7, 1838, 51; an act further to amend the act for 
levying taxes, 69; an act to provide for the education of black and mulatto per- 
sons and to amend the act entitled, "an act for the support and better regulation 
of Common Schools, etc.," 81 ; an act to amend the act for the support and better 
regulation of Common Schools, etc., 83; an act to amend the act to encourage 
teachers' institutes and to extend the provisions of the acts providing for teachers' 
institutes and county superintendents in the several counties of this state, 86; an 
act making appropriations (various educational items), 103. 



220 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Local: 

An act to levy a tax on the Town of Lancaster, 5; authorizing the president 
and town council of Portsmouth to levy a tax for school and other purposes, 37; 
an act to provide for the erection of school-houses in Springfield, Clark County, 
85; an act for thereliefof School District No. 1, Pickaway County and District No. 
4, Ashland County, 139; authorizing the directors of School District No. 3, Moore- 
field Township, Harrison County, to sell a school lot, 150; authorizing the direc- 
tors of School District No. 6, Jefferson Township, Madison County, to sell a 
certain school lot, 157; authorizing the directors of School District No. 2, Gratis 
Township, Preble County, to sell a school lot, 176; authorizing the directors of 
School District No. 3, Montgomery Township, Ashland County, to sell the 
school-house and lot, 190; an act to incorporate School District No. 1 in Perry 
Township, Stark County, 223; amending an act to dispose of two escheated lots 
in Mansfield, Richland County, 232; an act for the support and better regulation 
of Common Schools in the Lebanon District in Warren County, 237; to regulate 
the sale of intoxicating liquors in the town of Cuyahoga Falls, 269. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 

SOCIETIES 

Changing the name of the Richmond Classical Institute of JefTerson County, 
7; the R. M. Bartlett's Commercial College, Cincinnati, 12; Board of Directors of 
Muhlenberg College in Jefferson, Harrison County, 19; the Gundry-Bacon Cin- 
cinnati Mercantile College, 21; Starling Medical College in Columbus, 31; 
(amendatory) Cincinnati Classical Academy, 46; the Medical and Surgical 
Society of the County of Ashland, 76; (amendatory) Miami University, 88; 
(amendatory) to enable the Knoxville School Company to close its concerns, 
107; Xenia Academy, 114; Richland Academic Institute, Logan County, 126; 
The Felicity Female Seminary, Clermont County, 135; Cleveland Library 
Association, 149; Medina Academy, 188; Newton College, Hamilton County, 211; 
Edinburgh College, 220; The Western Art Union, 228; The State Medical Society 
of Ohio, 231. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Greene County and Pike County, 8; Wyandot County, 24; Wyandot 
County, 27; Muskingum County, ii; Scioto County, 35; Meigs County, 37; 
Allen County, 38; Paulding County, 48; Mercer County, 49; Montgomery 
County, 80; Williams County, 85; Richland County, 91; Montgomery County, 
91; Seneca County, 92; Crawford and Wyandot County, 92; Sandusky County, 
102; Muskingum County, 134; Morgan County, 137; Stark County, 139; Shelby 
County, 140; Montgomery County, 141; Defiance County, 144; Ashland County, 
145; Ottawa County, 162; Carroll County, 188; Paulding County, 207; Lucas 
County, 219; Hamilton County, 241; Paulding County, 265; Mercer County, 274. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 
(Amendatory) An act for the support and better regulation of Common 
Schools in the town of Akron, 40; (repealing) an act for the support and better 
regulation of Common Schools in School District No. 1, Ravenna, 51; (amenda- 



APPENDIX B 221 

tory) an act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in Zanes- 
ville, 54; for the better regulation and support of schools in the City of Cleveland, 
150; for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in the town of 
Lithopolis, Fairfield County, 185; for the support and better regulation of Com- 
mon Schools in Lancaster, 199; (amendatory) an act for the support and better 
regulation of Common Schools in the City of Columbus, 259. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Virginia Military District School Lands, 282; report on medical societies 
and colleges, 286; report of the Superintendent of Schools, 286; trustees, Ohio 
University, 288; trustees, Miami University, 291; directing the printing of the 
Akron Law for Common Schools with the General Laws, 295; report of the 
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 296; correcting an error in the school funds 
in Troy and Sullivan Townships, Ashland County, 300; appointing a director of 
the Blind Asylum, 303; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 307; furnishing Wyan- 
dot County with School Laws, 309; asking the Governor to examine and report 
upon the Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylums, 317. 

Volume XLVII 
General: 

An act to authorize the establishment of separate schools for the education 
of colored children, and for other purposes, 17; amending an act to incorporate 
teachers' institutes, 19; an act for the better regulation of the public schools in 
cities, towns, etc., 22; (amendatory) an act for the support, etc., of Common 
Schools, 39; (amendatory) an act for the support, etc., of Common Schools, 43; 
(amendatory) an act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in 
the Town of Akron, 45; an act making appropriations (various educational items) 
45; (amendatory) an act for the support, etc., of Common Schools, 52. 

Local: 

An act in relation to taxes, schools and sewers in the City of Toledo, 205; 
an act to regulate a certain school district in Orwell Township, Ashtabula County, 
224; an act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in 
District No. 4, Washington Township, Preble County, 224; to organize School 
District No. 7, Liberty Township, Clinton County, 229; (amendatory) for the 
support and better regulation of Common Schools in Columbus, 230; to divide the 
town of St. Clairsville, Belmont County, into two school districts, 240; granting 
to the trustees, etc., of Greenfield Seminary authority to confer degrees and testi- 
monials, 240; authorizing the directors of School District No. 13, Jefferson Town- 
ship, Fayette County, to sell a school lot, 246 ; authorizing the trustees of Clay Town- 
ship, Knox County, to redistrict said township, 250; authorizing the county 
Auditor of Holmes County to levy an additional tax on a school district for school- 
house purposes, 252; amending an act to repeal the act for the support, etc., of 
Common Schools in School District No. 1, Ravenna Township, 253; (repealing) 
the provisions of the Akron Act for the town of New Lisbon, Columbiana County, 
253; to amend the charter of the City of Ohio, 278; an act for the relief of John D. 
Burrill, 342. 



222 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS 

Mt, Washington College, Hamilton County, 236; the Oxford Female 
Institute in Oxford, Butler County, 238; Miller Academy, 241; Pomeroy Acad- 
emy, 243; Ohio Institute of Natural Sciences, 256; Otterbein University of Ohio, 
257; Judson College, Jefferson, Harrison County, 259; Farmington Normal 
School, Trumbull County, 261; Springfield Female Seminary, Clark County, 263; 
Cincinnati Medical Institute, 264; Columbus Art Union, 267; (amendatory) 
Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 268; the Ohio Education Society of the 
Evangelical Lutheran Church, 268; The Cadiz High School, 273; Darke County 
Medical Society, 275; Mansfield Female Seminary, Richland County, 280; 
Mt. Pleasant Academy, Kingstown, Ross County, and in relation to Hillsborough 
Academy, 284. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF LANDS 

Wood County, 223; Seneca County, 228; Hardin County, 229; an act to 
provide for the sale of the Western Reserve School Lands, 232; Hancock County, 
233; Wyandot County, 234; Champaign County, 234; Preble County, 235; 
Wyandot County, 235; Wyandot County, 237; Harrison County, 237; Gallia 
County, 238; Jefferson County, 240; Williams County, 242; Morrow County, 
242; Seneca County, 242; Lucas County, 243; Seneca County, 244; Clark County, 
245; Wood County, 245; Wood County, 245; Butler County, 247; Miami County, 
247; Paulding County, 248; Hardin County, 248; Lawrence County, 249; Wyan- 
dot County, 249; Muskingum County, 250; Monroe County, 251; Warren County, 
251; Stark County, 251; Meigs County, 252; Lucas County, 254; Athens County, 
255; Jeff'erson County, 255; Lucas County, 340; Champaign County, 341. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Trustee, Miami University, 384; trustees, Ohio University, 386; trustee, 
Miami University, 388; agent, Western Reserve School Lands, 388; asking Gover- 
nor to examine and report on the Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylums, 393; 
appointing a committee to examine and report on Miami University, 398. 

Volume XLVIII 
General: 

An act to amend the act for the support and better regulation of Common 
Schools in cities, towns etc., 40; an act in relation to School District taxes, pro- 
viding for the annual school district meetings, and requiring maps of school 
districts, 41; an act for the appointment of a State Board of Public Instruction, 
44; an act supplementary to the act for the appointment of a State Board of 
Public Instruction, 47; an act to carry into effect an act entitled, "An act to 
provide for the sale of the Western Reserve .School Lands," 53; an act to exempt 
certain students from laboring on public roads, 69; an act making appropriations 
for 1850 (various educational items), 93. 

Local: 

To incorporate School District No. 9 in Liverpool and St. Clair Townships, 
Columbiana County, 641; to incorporate School District No. 11, in the Townships 



APPENDIX B 223 

of Springfield and Beaver, Mahoning County, 642; to authorize the directors of 
School District No. 4, Delhi Township, Hamilton County, to appropriate certain 
funds for building purposes, 643; extending the provisions of the act for the 
better regulation of public schools in cities, towns, etc., to Union School Dis- 
trict No. 7, Springfield and Suffield Townships, Summit and Portage Counties, 
648; an act amending and reviving the act to create permanently the office 
of Treasurer, Township No. 1, Range 1, Whitewater Township, Hamilton County, 
663; authorizing the trustees of Monroe Township, Knox County, to redistrict 
said township, 668; an act to amend the act to create permanently the office of 
Treasurer, Township No. 1, Range 1, Hamilton County, and to give additional 
powers to the trustees of School Section No. 16, Greene Township, Hamilton 
County, 670. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS 

Elliott Female Seminary of Monroe County, 614; Vinton High School, 
Gallia County, 617; Miller Academy, Washington, Guernsey County, 618; 
Capital University, 619; Cambridge College, 621; Geneva Hall, Winfield, Logan 
County, 622; Urbana University, 624; (amendatory) the Charity School of 
Kendal, 625; Defiance Female Seminary, Defiance County, 625; Western Re- 
serve Eclectic Institute, Portage County, 627; Western College of Homeopathic 
Medicine, 629; Tiffin Academy, Seneca County, 630; (amendatory) Oberlin 
Collegiate Institute, 632; Young Men's Catholic Association of Cincinnati, 632; 
Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, 634; Western Liberal Institute, 635; Ripley 
Library Association, 636; Thompson Library Association, 636; Xenia Female 
Academy, 637; Hartford High School, 638; Soeurs de Notre Dame Female Edu- 
cational Institute of Chillicothe, Ross County, 639; Mt. Pleasant Philomathean 
Society, Kingston, Ross County, 640; Warren Library Association, 640. 

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS 

Lucas County, 643; Jefferson County, 644; Hardin County, 644; Columbiana 
County, 644; Allen County, 645; Fairfield County, 646; Meigs County, 646; 
Ottawa County, 647; Belmont County, 648; Hardin County, 649; Lucas County, 
649; Jefferson County, 650; Ohio Company's Purchase, 650; Lawrence County, 
653; Defiance County, 653; Seneca County, 653; Lucas County, 654; Lawrence 
County, 654; Hancock County, 655; Paulding County, 655; Athens County, 656; 
Williams County, 656; Belmont County, 657; Lucas County, 657; Gallia County, 
658; Harrison County, 658; Monroe County, 659; Gallia County, 659; Williams 
County, 659; Gallia County, 660; Putnam County, 661; Mercer County, 661; 
Town of Athens, 664; Crawford County, 665; Lawrence County, 665; Shelby 
County, 666; Darke County, 666; Hardin County, 666; Tuscarawas County, 668; 
Richland and Huron Counties, 669; Jefferson County, 669; Shelby County, 669; 
Sandusky County, 676. 

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS 
(Amendatory) An act to incorporate the town of Fulton (Sections 10 and 
11), 373; an act to incorporate the town of Fremont, Sandusky County (Section 
5), 404; an act to incorporate the city of Piqua (Sections 25 to 30), 421; an act 



224 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

to incorporate the City of Springfield (Sections 29 to 32), 446; an act to incor- 
porate the City of Zanesville, Muskingum County (Sections 26 to 38), 473; 
(amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in the 
town of Lancaster, 647; (repealing) the provisions of the act for the better regula- 
tion of schools in cities, towns, etc., for the town of Hanover, Columbiana County, 
648; amending an act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools 
in the town of Akron, 650; authorizing the citizens of Wooster to vote for or 
against adopting the Akron Act, 651; exempting the town of Mt. Vernon from 
the provisions of the Akron School Law, 662; authorizing the appointment of a 
Superintendent of Common Schools in the City of Cincinnati, and for other pur- 
poses, 662; extending the powers of the Board of Education of the town of Put- 
nam, Muskingum County, 667; authorizing the Board of Education in the town 
of Cambridge, Guernsey County, to levy a school building tax, 695. 

Resolutions concerning: 

Certain school lands in Lucas and Williams Counties, 728; appointing a 
committee to examine and report on the school system of this state, 728; trustees, 
Charity School of Kendal, 729; trustees, Miami University, 729; trustees, 
Neville Institute, 730; trustees. Medical College of Ohio, 730; two deaf and 
dumb students, 742; a certain blind student, 742; forwarding school laws to 
Greene County, 743; forwarding school laws to Ashland County, 746. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 
SOURCES 

Acts of the State of Ohio, First Session of the General Assembly, Vol. I, Chilli- 

cothe, printed by N. Willis, printer to the state, 1803. 
Acts of the State of Ohio, Second Session, Vol. II, Chillicothe, printed by N. 

Willis, printer to the state, 1804. 
Acts of the State of Ohio, passed and revised. Vol. Ill, Chillicothe, printed by 

N. Willis, printer to the state, 1805. 
Acts of the State of Ohio, Vol. IV, Chillicothe, T. G. Bradford and Joseph S. 

Collins & Company, printers for the state. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Fifth General Assembly of the State of 

Ohio, Vol. V, Chillicothe, Joseph S. Collins & Co., printer to the state of 

Ohio, 1807. 
Acts of the Sixth General Assembly of the State of Ohio, Vol. VI, Chillicothe, 

R. D. Richardson, printer to the state of Ohio, 1808. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Seventh General Assembly, Vol. VII. 

Chillicothe, J. S. Collins, 1809. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Eighth General Assembly, Vol. VIII, 

Chillicothe, J. S. Collins & Company, 1810. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Ninth General Assembly, Vol. IX, Zanes- 

ville, White, Sawyer and Chambers, 1811. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Tenth General Assembly, Vol. X, Zanes- 

ville. Sawyer and Chambers, 1812. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Eleventh General Assembly, Vol. XI, 

Chillicothe, Nashee and Denny, 1812. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Twelfth General Assembly, Vol. XII, 

Chillicothe, John Bailhache, 1814. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Thirteenth General Assembly, Vol. XIII, 

Chillicothe, Nashee and Denny, 1814. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Fourteenth General Assembly, Vol. XIV, 

printed by Nashee and Denny for Bailhache, 1816. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Fifteenth General Assembly, Vol. XV, 

Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, 1817. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Sixteenth General Assembly, Vol. XVI, 

Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, state printer, 1818. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Seventeenth General Assembly, Vol. XVII, 

Chillicothe, George Nashee, 1819. 

225 



226 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Acts of a general nature enacted, revised and ordered to be reprinted at the First 

Session of the Eighteenth General Assembly, Vol. XVIII, Columbus, P. H. 

Olmsted, 1820. 
Acts of a local nature passed by the First Session of the Eighteenth General 

Assembly, Vol. XVIII, Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, 1820. 
Acts passed at the First Session of the Nineteenth General Assembly, Vol. XIX, 

Columbus, David Smith, 1821. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the First Session of the Twentieth General 

Assembly, Vol. XX, P. H. Olmsted, 1822. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the First Session of the Twentieth General 

Assembly, Vol. XX, P. H. Olmsted, 1822. 
Acts passed at the Second Session of the Twentieth General Assembly, Columbus, 

P. H. Olmsted, 1822. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the Twenty-first General Assembly, Vol. 

XXI, P. H. Olmsted, 1823. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the Twenty-first General Assembly, Vol. XXI, 

P. H. Olmsted, 1823. 
Acts of a general nature enacted, revised and ordered to be reprinted at the 

First Session of the Twenty-second General Assembly, Vol. XXII, Colum- 
bus, P. H. Olmsted, 1824. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the First Session of the Twenty-second General 

Assembly, Vol. XXII, Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, 1824. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the First Session of the Twenty-third General 

Assembly, Vol. XXIII, Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, 1825. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the First Session of the Twenty-third General 

Assembly, Vol. XXIII, Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, 1825. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the Twenty-fourth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXIV, Columbus, George Nashee, state printer, 1826. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the Twenty-fourth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXIV, Columbus, George Nashee, state printer, 1826. 

Acts of a general nature passed at the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXV, Columbus, George Nashee, state printer, 1827. 

Acts of a local nature passed at the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, Vol. XXV, 

Columbus, George Nashee, state printer, 1827. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXVI, Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, state printer, 1828. 

Acts of a local nature passed at the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, Vol. XXVI, 

Columbus, P. H. Olmsted, state printer, 1828. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, Vol. 

XXVII, Columbus, Olmsted, Bailhache and Cameron, state printers, 1829. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, Vol. 

XXVII, Columbus, Olmsted, Bailhache and Cameron, state printers, 1829. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the Twenty-eighth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXVI II, Columbus, Olmsted and Bailhache, 1830. 

Acts of a local nature passed at the Twenty-eighth General Assembly, Vol. 
XXVI 11, Columbus, Olmsted and Bailhache, 1830. 

Acts of a general nature enacted, revised and ordered to be reprinted, passed by 
the First Session of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, Vol. XXIX, Colum- 
bus, Olmsted and Bailhache, 1831. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 

Acts of a local nature passed by the First Session of the Twenty-ninth General 
Assembly, Vol. XXIX, Columbus, Olmsted and Bailhache, 1831. 

Acts of a general nature passed at the First Session of the Thirtieth General 
Assembly, Vol. XXX, Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1832. 

Acts of a local nature passed at the First Session of the Thirtieth General Assem- 
bly, Vol. XXX, Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1832. 

Acts of a general nature passed at the Second Session of the Thirtieth General 
Assembly, Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1832. 

Acts of a local nature passed at the Second Session of the Thirtieth General 
Assembly, Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1832. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Thirty-first General Assembly, Vol. XXXI, 
Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1833. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-first General Assembly, Vol. XXXI, 
Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1833. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Thirty-second General Assembly, Vol. 
XXXII, Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1834. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-second General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXII, Columbus, David Smith, state printer, 1834. 

Acts of a general nature, passed by the Thirty-third General Assembly of the 
State of Ohio, Vol. XXXIII, Columbus, James B. Gardiner, printer to the 
state, 1835. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-third General Assembly, Vol. XXXIII, 
Columbus, James B. Gardiner, printer to the state, 1835. 

Acts passed at the Second Session of the Thirty-third General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXIII, Columbus, J. B. Gardiner, 1835. 

Acts of a general nature passed at the First Session of the Thirty-fourth General 

Assembly, Vol. XXXIV, James B. Gardiner, printer to the state, 1836. 
Acts of a local nature passed at the First Session of the Thirty-fourth General 

Assembly, Vol. XXXIV, James B. Gardiner, printer to the state, 1836. 
Acts of a general nature passed at the First Session of the Thirty-fifth General 

Assembly, Vol. XXXV, S. R. Dolbee, printer to the state, 1837. 
Acts of a local nature passed by the First Session of the Thirty-fifth General 

Assembly, Vol. XXXV, James B. Gardiner, printer to the state, 1837. 
Acts of a general nature passed by the Thirty-sixth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXVI, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1838. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-sixth General Assembly, Vol. XXXVI, 

Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1838. 
Acts of a general nature passed by the Thirty-seventh General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXVII, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1839. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-seventh General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXVII, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1839. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Thirty-eighth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXVIII, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1840. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-eighth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXVIII, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1840. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Thirty-ninth General Assembly, Vol. 

XXXIX, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1841. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Thirty-ninth General Assembly, Vol. XXXIX, 
Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1841. 



228 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Fortieth General Assembly, Vol. XL, 
Samuel Medary, state printer, 1842. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Fortieth General Assembly, Vol. XL, Samuel 
Medary, state printer, 1842. 

Acts of a local nature passed at the Adjourned Session of the Fortieth General 
Assembly, Vol. XL, Samuel Medary, state printer, 1842. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-first General Assembly, Vol. XLI, 
Columbus, Samuel Medary, 1843. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-first General Assembly, Vol. XLI, 
Columbus, Samuel Medary, 1843. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-second General Assembly, Vol. 
XLI I, Columbus, Samuel Medary, 1844. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-second General Assembly, Vol. XLI I, 
Columbus, Samuel Medary, 1844. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-third General Assembly, Vol. 
XLIII, Columbus, Samuel Medary, 1845. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-third General Assembly, Vol. XLIII, 
Columbus, Samuel Medary, 1845. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-fourth General Assembly, Vol. 
XLIV, C. Scott & Company, printers, Columbus, 1846. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-fourth General Assembly, Vol. XLIV, 
C. Scott & Company, printers, Columbus, 1846. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-fifth General Assembly, Vol. XLV, 
Columbus, C. Scott's Steam Press, 1847. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-fifth General Assembly, Columbus, 
Vol. XLV, C. Scott's Steam Press, 1847. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-sixth General Assembly, Columbus, 
Vol. XLVI, Chas. Scott's Steam Press, 1848. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-sixth General Assembly, Columbus, 
Vol. XLVI, Chas. Scott's Steam Press, 1848. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-seventh General Assembly, Colum- 
bus, Vol. XLVII, Chas. Scott, state printer, 1849. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-seventh General Assembly, Vol. 
XLVII, Columbus, Chas. Scott, state printer, 1849. 

Acts of a general nature passed by the Forty-eighth General Assembly, Vol. 
XLVIII, Columbus, Scott and Bascom, 1850. 

Acts of a local nature passed by the Forty-eighth General Assembly, Vol. XLVIII, 
Columbus, Scott and Bascom, 1850. 

Third Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Common Schools, made to the 
Thirty-eighth General Assembly of the State of Ohio, by Samuel Lewis, 
Columbus, Samuel Medary, printer to the state, 1839. 

Ohio Documents, 35th General Assembly, J. B. Gardiner, state printer, Colum- 
bus, 1836. 

Ohio Documents, 36th General Assembly, Samuel Medary, state printer, Colum- 
bus, 1837. 

Ohio Documents, 37th General Assembly, Samuel Medary, state printer, Colum- 
bus, 1838. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 

Ohio Documents, 38th General Assembly, Samuel Meclary, state printer, Colum- 
bus, 1840. 

United States Census Reports. 

United States Statutes at Large. 

Statistical Abstract of United States, IQIL 

Annual Report of the Secretary of Slate to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the 
Year 1885. Columbus, The Westbote Company, state printers, 1885. 

A Compilation of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances Which Relate to Lands in the State of 
Ohio, George Nashee, Columbus, 1825. 

Journals of the American Congress. Reprint, Way and Gideon, Washington, 1823, 
4 vols. 

SECONDARY SOURCES 

Atwater, Caleb. A History of the State of Ohio, Natural and Civil. Cincinnati: 
Glezen & Shepherd, 1838. 

Blackmar, Frank Wilson. The History of Federal and State Aid to Higher Edu- 
cation in the United States. Washington: Government Printing Office, 
1890. 

Brownell, F. C. Barnard's American Journal of Education, Vol. V. Hartford, 
Conn., 1858. 

Burns, J. J. Educational History of Ohio. Columbus, 1905. 

Chaddock, Robert E. Ohio Before 1850. A Study of the Early Influence of 
Pennsylvania and Southern Populations in Ohio. Columbia University, 
New York, 1908. 

Cist, Charles. Cincinnati in 1841 — Its Early Annals and Future Prospects, 
Cincinnati, 1841. 

Cutler, Julia Perkins. Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler. Cincinnati: Robert 
Clarke & Co., 1890. 

Donaldson, T. The Public Domain. Washington: Government Printing 
Office, 1881. 

Graham, A. A. "The Land and Township System of Ohio," Annual Report of 
the Secretary of State to the Governor of the State of Ohio for the Year 1885, 
pp. 22-29. 

Hinsdale, Ann. "History of the Ohio School System," Report of the Commis- 
sioner of Education. Washington, 1901, Vol. I. 

Hinsdale, B. A. "Documents Illustrative of American Educational History," 
Report of the Commissioner of Education. Washington, 1892-93, Vol. II, 
1225-1414. 

Hinsdale, B. A. The Old Northwest, Vols. I, II. New York: Townsend 
Mac Coun, 1891. 

Howe. Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio. Cincinnati: C. J. Krehbiel & 
Co., 1907. 

Jernegan, Marcus W. "The Beginnings of Public Education in New England," 
School Review, yiX.\\\. Chicago, 1915. 

King, Rufus. Ohio, First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787. American Common- 
wealth Series. Boston and New York, 1888. 

Knight, G. W. "History and Management of Land Grants for Education in the 



230 HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 

Northwest Territory," Papers of the American Historical Association, 1884, 

Vol. I, 1-175. 
Lewis, William G. W. Biography of Samvel Lewis. Cincinnati: Methodist 

Book Concern, 1857. 
Martin, The Evolution of the Massachusetts School System: A Historical Sketch. 

New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1902. 
Orth, Samuel P. The Centralization of Administration in Ohio. Columbia Studies 

in History, Economics and Public Law, Vol. XVI, No. 3. New York, 1903. 
Randall and Ryan. History of Ohio. New York: Century History Co., 1912. 
Rice, V. M. Special Report on the Present State of Education in the United States, 

etc. Washington, 1867. 
Ryan, Daniel J. A History of Ohio. Columbus, 1888. 

Slocum, Charles E. The Ohio Country, etc., 1783-1815. New York: G. P. Put- 
nam's Sons, 1910. 
Swift, Fletcher Harper. A History of Public Permanent Common School Funds 

in the United States, 1795-1905. New York: Henry H. Holt & Co., 1911. 
Taylor, James B. A Manual of the Ohio School System. Cincinnati : H. W. Derby, 

1857. 
Venable, W. H. Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley, Historical 

and Biographical Sketches. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1891. 
Whittlesey, Charles. Ohio Surveys. Western Reserve Historical Society 

Tracts, Vol. II, Tracts 37-72. Tract 59. Cleveland, 1888. 
Whittlesey, Charles. Surveys of the Public Land in Ohio. Ibid. Tract 61. 
Historical Sketches of the Ohio Educational Institutions and also of Benevolent 

and Reformatory Institutions of Ohio, 1876. (Centennial Volume.) 
Historical Sketches of Public Schools in Cities, Villages, and Townships of the State 

of Ohio, 1876. (Centennial Volume.) 
The Freeman's Almanack, "Maxims and Advice of Solomon Thrifty." Cincinnati: 

Oliver Farnsworth & Co., 1824. 
The Western Academician and Journal of Education and Science. Edited by 

John W. Pickett. Cincinnati: James R. Allbach, 1837-38. 
Transactions of the Western Literary Institute and College of Professional Teachers, 

Vols. IV, V, VI, VII, VIIL Cincinnati, 1835-36-37-38-39. 
County histories of Ohio. 



INDEX 



Academical Institution of Richfield, 79, 
133. 

Academic Pioneer, 107. 

Academy of Alma, 79, 130. 

Academy of Perry County, 79, 130. 

Academy of Sylvania, 79, 134. 

Adams, 1. 

Addison Library Association, 172. 

Adelphic Society of Western Reserve 
College, 177. 

Agricultural Schools, 93. 

Airington Lyceum, 175. 

Akron, 30, 115, 170, schools of, 50-53. 

Akron Act, 16, 46, 121, 124, 125. 

Akron High School, 81, 136. 

Akron Institute, 82, 141. 

Akron Lyceum and Library Association 
Company, 170. 

Alexander, John E., 142. 

Alexandria Literary Society, 176. 

Alpha Kappa Society of Marietta Col- 
lege, 177. 

Allan, Nehemiah, 153. 

American Lyceum of Education, 108, 
166. 

American Revolution, 59. 

American Western University, 87, 88, 

146. See also Ohio University. 
Ames, 110. 

Anderson, Joseph, 130. 
Andover, 170. 
Andrews, Ebenezer, 131. 
Andrews, John, 139. 
Antrim, 85, 135. 
Apprentices, 165. 
Armstrong, Harrison, 141. 
Asbury Seminary, 81, 137. 
Ashland Academy, 81, 137. 
Ashland County, 162. 
Ashtabula Academy, 79, 131. 

231 



Ashtabula County, 131, 133, 166, 167, 

169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175. 
Ashtabula Institution of Science and 

Industry, 79, 85, 131. 
Ashtabula Social Library Association, 

169. 
Associated Reform Synod of the West, 

154. 
Athenaeums, 111-112, 174-176. 
Athenian Library Society, 172. 
Athenian Literary Society of Ohio 

University, 177. 
Athens, 88, 146, 151, 169. 
Athens County, 169. 
Athens Female Academy, 82, 139. 
Athens Library Society, 169. 
Atwater, Caleb, 7, 8, 9, 66-67, 111. 
Atwood, Jonathan, 152. 
Auglaize Seminary, 81, 138. 
Aurora, 170. 

Aurora Academical Institute, 82, 141. 
Austinburg Social Library Association, 

169. 

B 

Badger Library Society, 173. 

Baker, Timothy, 130. 

Baldwin Institute, 82, 141-142. 

Baptist Church, 84, 154. 

Baptist Literary and Collegiate Insti- 
tute of Huron County, 96, 154. 

Barber, Josiah, 8, 9. 

Barger, Jacob, 159. 

Barlow Library Society, 168. 

Barnard, Henry D., 26. 

Barnesville Male Academy, 81, 138. 

Bartley, Mordccai, 109, 142. 

Bartholomew, Moses, 158. 

Bascom Seminary of Waynesburg, 82, 
138. 

Batavia Mechanics' Institute, 176. 



232 



iiis'ioKv ()!• i;i)i'c,\ri()\AL i.i:(;isi.ation in ohio 



Until IHkIi S<1i(,()I, K2, 1.^9. 

Hear baitini;, 122. 

Heaver Lyceum, 176. 

Heckwith, Asa, 145. 

[Bedford Lyceum, 175. 

Hedford i.ihrary ('ompaiiy, 171. 

Hedford .Seminary, X2, 140. 

Bcecher, Lyman, 107, 166. 

Heechcr, P., 130. 

Boechcr, William IL, 134. 

Helden, fjifford, 134. 

Hell, James, 9. 

Hell(-f()ntaine, 97, 156. 

HellefonlaineColleKe, 97, 156 157. 

Hellville, 176. 

Heilviile Lil)rary Company, 171. 

Helmont Academy, 79, 130. 

Helmonl Connly, 130, 13.S. 

Hel|)re, 110. 

Helpre I'armers' Library, 110. 

Heiinett, .Sanford F., 137. 

Herdan, John, 133. 

Herea, 17.S. 

Herea Seminary, 81, 135. 

Hericshire, 166, 177. 

Hcrkshire Education Society, K3, 145. 

Berlin Union Society, 176. 

Beverly, 156. 

Beverly (\)IieKC', 97, 156. 

liiKcIow Hinh School, XI, 137. 

[{iuKham, Lutiier (1., 152. 

Bishop, Samuel G., 133. 

liishop, William, 138. 

Bishop's Fraternal Calvinislic Semi- 
nary, 79, 85, 133-134. 

Bluckctt, James, 136. 

Bledsoe, Flbert T., 141. 

Blendon Library .Society, 171. 

lilendon Yountj Men's Seminary, 81, 
137. 

Blind, F<:d Ilea t ion of, 102 101, 164. 

Blocksom, Fisher A., 139. 

Bloomfield .Social Library Society, 167. 

Boardman Library Society, 166. 

Board of ICducation, 49; diilies of, 
51, 52, 53. 

Board of ICxaiiiiiiers, 27, 109. 



I'.oard of Managers, 48. 

iioard of Trustees, 76. 

Boston, Mass., 110. 

Bottiim, William, 141. 

Braceville Library Company, 171. 

Bricksville Academical Association, 83, 

144 
Bricksville Columbian Library Society, 

168. 
Briggs, Thomas, 134. 
Brighton, 1,S9. 
Hronson, Samuel L., 140. 
Brookficid .Social Library Society, 167. 
Brooklyn ("entre Academy, 81, 138. 
Brooklyn library Company, 171. 
Brooklyn Lyceum, 175. 
Brooks, Boswell, 138. 
Brough, John, 74, 116. 
Brown, Hardin, 144. 
Brown, Henry, 153. 
ikown, Richard, 135, 138. 
Brown, Samuel, 1 10. 
Brown County, 92, 151, 152. 
Brownsville, Pa., 63. 
Brunswick, 133. 
Bryan, Judge, 50. 
liryan, A. M., 156. 
Buffalo Library Society, 167. 
Bull baiting, 122. 
Burlington Academy, 82, 139. 
Burlington Library Association, 172. 
Burnham, James, 141. 
Burrell, Robins, 135. 
iJurrett, Jacob, 150. 
Burton, 78, 167. 
Butler County, IV), 142, 154, 168, 169, 

171, 172, 174. 



Cable, Joseph, 141. 

Cadiz Academy, 78, 129. 

Cadiz High .School, 83, 142. 

Caldwell, James, 1.50. 

Caldwell, Samuel B., 136. 

Calliopean Society of the (iranville 

Literary and Theological Institute, 

177. 



INDEX 



233 



Calvinistic denomination, 133. 

Cambridge Academy, 81, 136. 

Cambridge College, 97, 159. 

Campljell, Alexander, 149. 

Canaan Union Academy, 82, 139. 

Canada thistles, 123. 

Canal Dover Lyceum, 175. 

Canal Fund, 90, 148, 175. 

Canton, 12, 131, 144; population of, 45. 

Canton Academy, 79, 131. 

Canton Male Seminary, 82, 139. 

Capitol Library Society, 169. 

Capital University, 87, 97, 159 

Carey, John, 140. 

Carlisle, 173. 

Carpenter, E. G., 139. 

Carr, Henry, 133. 

Carroll County, 135, 141, 144, 173. 

Cass, 173. 

Catholic Church, 84. 

Catholics, 105. 

Central College of Ohio, 97, 154-155. 

Chagrin Falls, 137, 144, 173. 

Chagrin Falls Mechanics' Library 
Association, 173. 

Chalfert, Robert, 142. 

Champeon Library Association, 173. 

Champaign County, 172. 

Charity School of Kendal, 105, 125. 

Chase, Philander, 92, 150. 

Chase, Salmon P., 175. 

Cheney, Charles, 157. 

Chester, 146. 

Chester Academy, 81, 136. 

Chester Library Association, 168. 

Childs, Jonas, 139. 

Chillicothe, 38, 46, 78, 143. 

Chillicothe Academy, 78, 129. 

Chillicothe Female Seminary, 79, 132. 

Chillicothe Lyceum and Mechanics' 

Institute, 173. 
Christmas, William, 131. 
Cincinnati, 3, 10, 11, 4 5, 46, 47, 53, 
66, 94, 95, 105, 106, 112, 113, 115, 
123, 124, 131, 139, 144, 148, 149, 151, 
155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 162, 165, 



166, 169, 171, 173, 174, 178; schools 
of, 47-48; population of, 45. 
Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, 112, 

178. 
Cincinnati Astronomical Society, 113, 
178. 

Cincinnati Classical Academy, 82, 141. 
See also St. John's College. 

Cincinnati College, 96, 150, 163. 

Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, 162. 

Cincinnati Lancaster Academy, 78, 
129. 

Cincinnati Law Library, 170. 

Cincinnati Literary Society, 175. 

Cincinnati Lyceum, 175. 

Cincinnati Medical Academy, 95, 161. 

Cincinnati Medical Institute, 162. 

Cincinnati New Jerusalem Church 
School Association, 83, 145. 

Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, 165. 

Cincinnati Philosophical Library Asso- 
ciation, 173. 

Cincinnati plan, 48, 49. 

Cincinnati University, 87, 96, 149. 

Cincinnati, Woodward High School of. 
See Woodward High School. 

City of Ohio, Schools of, 48. 

City schools. Laws concerning, 123, 
125. 

Circleville Academy, 79, 130. 

Circleville Athenaeum, 175. 

Circleville I"'emale Seminary, 79, 133. 

Circulating Library Company of Cin- 
cinnati, 166, 167. 

Clark County, 132, 142, 155, 173, 174. 

("larksfield Library Society, 169. 

Clermont County, 125, 142, 143, 169. 

Cleveland, 3, 12, 45, 46, 48, 105, 113. 
115, 124, 151; population of, 45; 
schools of, 48. 

Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences, 
113, 178. 

Cleveland Female Orphan Asylum, 
165. 

Cleveland I-'emale Seminary, 81, 136. 

Cleveland Library Company, 170, 174. 

('levcland Lyceum, 175. 



234 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LICCISLATION IN OHIO 



CIc-vfs, 134. 

(Meves Iiulcpfiulcnt School, 81, 134. 

Cochran, Robert, 140, 141. 

Cock flighting, 122. 

College fraternities, 177. 

College of Alma, 96, 151. Sec also 

Franklin College. 
College of Dental Surgery, 162. 
College of Ripley, 92, 96, 151, 152. 
College of Teachers, 71. 
College societies, 112, 177. 
College townshi|js, 88, 91. 
Collins, Rev. John, 8, 9. 
Colored children, orphan a.syluiiis for, 

165; schools for, 44-45, 121. 
Columbia Library Society, 167. 
Columbian Association of Cincinnati, 

178. 
Columbiana Counly, 135, 139, 142, 

167. 
Columbus, 12, 26, 45, 46, 49, 100, 102, 
103, 105, 111, 124, 142, 153, 162, 
163, 161, 169; population of, 45, 
46; schools of, 49. 
Columbus Academical and Collegiate 

Institute, 82, 141. 
Columbus Art Union, 113, 178. 
Columbus l'"emale Academy, 79, 131. 
C'olumbus I'Cmalc Benevolent Society, 

165. 
Columbus Literary and .Scientific In- 
stitute, 175. 
Columbus Literary Lyceum, 176. 
Colum!)us Presbytery, 144; trustees of, 

83. 
Commercial Hospital and Lunatic 

Asylum, 160. 
("ommittee on Cor|K)iations, 174. 
Common Coimcil, Duties of, 51. 
Common .School l'"und, 157. 
Congress, 60, 61, 67, 68, 70, 91, 92, 

100, 101, 104, 148, 150, 163, 164. 
Congress Lands, 9, 54, 58, 59 
Conneaut Academy, 79, 133. 
Conneaut Lyceum, 175. 
Connecticut, 60. 



Connecticut Western Reserve, 9, 60, 
126, 127. See also Western Reserve. 

Converse, J. P., 138. 

Coon-skin Library, 110. 

Cooper Female Academy, 82, 141. 

('orwin, Thomas, 140. 

Corwin Literary Institute, 176. 

Coshocton County, 140, 170, 174. 

Cottage Hill Academy, 82, 141. 

County auditor, the county superin- 
tendent, 12, 24. 

Counly superintendent, 38. 

County commissioners, 65. 

Court of Common Pleas, 22, 41, 42, 65, 
68, 99, 129, 163. 

("owles, Ciles, 131. 

Cressy, Mary, 165. 

Cumberland Presbyterian Church, 156. 

Curtis, Ilosmer, 132. 

Cutler, Kphraim, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15. 

Cutler, Manassch, 6, 7, 110. 

Cuyahoga County, 134, 135, 140, 144, 
145, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175, 
175. 

Cuyahoga I*'alls, 38. 

(\iyahoga Falls Institute, 81, 138. 

("uyahoga Falls Lyceum, 175. 

D 

Dane Law Library, 170. 

Darby Creek Lyceum and Library 

Association, 171. 
Darke County, 169. 
Darke County Library Society, 169. 
Darke County Medical .Society, 162. 
Darrotown Library Com()any, 171. 
Dart, Ashbel, 133. 
Davis, Louis, 159. 
Dayton, 45, 46, 49, 78, 105, 124, 141; 

I)opulation of, 45, 46; schools of, 49. 
Dayton Academy, 78, 128. 
Dayton Female Association, 165. 
Dayton Library, 167. 
Dayton Library Association, 166. 
Dayton Library Society, 110. 
Dayton Mechanics' Institute, 176. 



INDEX 



235 



Deaf and dumb, Education of, 99-101, 

163-164. 
Deaf and Dumb School, 99, 103. 
Defectives, Education of, 99-101, 163- 

165. 
Defiance County, 143. 
Defiance Female Seminary, 83, 143. 
Defiance Literary Lyceum, 176. 
Delaware, 155. 
Delaware County, 145, 166, 168, 170, 

171, 175. 
Delaware Academy, 79, 131. 
Delaware Library Association, 170. 
Dclincjuents, Education of, 105, 165- 

166. 
Denison University, 87, 152. 
Denominational influence, 84-85, 92- 

93. 
Dependents, Education of, 104, 165. 
Dewey, Jonathan, 142. 
District of Cincinnati, 148. 
Doan, Guy W., 133. 
Doctor of Medicine, Degree of, 94, 

160. 
Donaldson, T., 6, 58 (note). 
Donnelsville Library Association, 173, 

174. 
Dover Academy, 81, 136. 
Dover Library Association, 169, 173. 
Dresden Library Association, 169. 
Dudley Medical University, 162. 



Earl, Thomas, 140. 
Eaton Academy, 81, 136. 
Eaton Lil)rary Society, 167. 
Eaton Medical Society, 161. 
Eclectic Academy of Music in Cincin- 
nati, 112, 178. 
Eclectic Institute, 162. 
Eddy, Ira, 136. 

Eden Library Association, 170. 
Eden Social Library, 170. 
Edgartown, Mass., 7. 
Edinburgh Academy, 81, 82, 136, 139. 
Edinburgh College, 97, 158. 
Education, Secondary, 76-86, 117. 



Educational interest, 116. 

Educational policy, 117. 

Education Society of Painesvillc, 83, 
144. 

Elbert, Henry, 143. 

Plldridge Library Association, 167. 

Elizabethtown Circulating Library So- 
ciety, 172. 

Elizabeth Social Library Society, 167. 

Elliott, Hugh, 143. 

Elliott Female Seminary, 83, 143. 

Ellsworth, 141. 

Elsberry, William, 137. 

Ely, Hcman, 131. 

Elyria, 124, 173. 

Elyria, High School of, 77, 79, 131. 

Elyria Lyceum, 175. 

Emigrants F"riends Society of Cincin- 
nati, 125. 

Enabling act, 126. 

English Evangelical Lutheran Synod, 
157, 158. 

English Lutheran Theological and 
Collegiate Institute of Woostcr, 97, 
157. 

Erie County, 38, 166. 

Erie Literary Society, 78, 128. 

Erodclphian Society of Gallipolis, 176. 

Erodelphian Society of Miami Univer- 
sity, 112, 177. 

Euclid Library Society, 167. 

European schools, 120. 

Evangelical Congregation, 139. 

Evangelical Lutheran Church, 159, 
178. 

Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod, 158. 

Evening schools, 48. 

Everhart, Jacob, 144. 

Examinations, 42. 

Examiners, 41, 42. 

Eyles, William, 133. 



Fairfield, 167. 
Fairfield County, 170. 
Fairfield Library Association, 172. 
Fairmound, 166. 



236 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



Falmouth, Mass., 8. 

Farewell, Robert, 140. 

Farmers' and Mechanics' Institute, 
176. 

Farmers' and Mechanics' Library 
Association, in Aurora, 170. 

Farmers' and Mechanics' Library 
Association of West Lodi, 174. 

Farmers' and Mechanics' Library 
Society of Berkshire, 170 

Farmers' College, 93, 97, 157-158. 

Farmers' Library Company, 169. 

Farmington, 109. 

Farmington Academy, 79, 131. 

Farmington Normal School, 109, 166. 

Fayette County, 167. 

Fearing Library Society, 167. 

Federal Creek, 110. 

Federal Government, 59. 

Felicity Female Seminary, 82, 142. 

Fellenberg, 85. 

Fellenburgh Institute, 79, 88, 133. 

Female Academy of Mt. Vernon, 79, 
132. 

Findlay Academical Institute, 82, 141. 

Findlay Literary Lyceum, 176. 

Fines for school purposes, 36-38, 41, 

122-123. 
First Mechanics' Lyceum of Marietta, 

176. 
First Moral Library Association, 173. 
First Universalian Religious Library 

Society of Harmar, 172. 
First Universalian Religious Library 

Society of Marietta, 169 
Fitchville Library Association, 170. 
Florence Academy, 78, 129. 
Fogle, William, 139. 
Foote, John P., 107. 
Fordyce, John, 159. 
Forrer, Samuel, 141. 
Ft. Meigs University, 97, 157. 
Frampton, Elijah, 139. 
Franklin Academy, 79, 82, 130, 140. 
Franklin College, 92, 96, 151, 177. 
Franklin County, 171. 
Franklin Institute, 176. 



Franklin Library Association, 170, 172, 
173. 

Franklin Library Company of Little 
Sandy, 167. 

Franklin Library Society of Waterford, 
173. 

Franklin Literary Society of Bellville, 
176. 

Franklin Scientific and Rhetorical So- 
ciety of Western Reserve College, 
177. 

Franklin Society of Granville College, 
177. 

Fraternities, 177. 

Frederickstown Library Society, 167, 
168. 

Fredonia Social Library, 172. 

Free Discussion Library of Andover, 
170. 

Free Grammar School. See Wood- 
ward High School of Cincinnati. 

Freeman's Almanack, 8. 

Freewill Baptist, S3, 145. 

French, 3. 

Friends, 138. See also Quakers. 

Fuller, Jeremiah H., 130. 

Fullerton, Hugh S., 140. 

Fulton, 38, 134, 176. 



Gallia Academy, 78, 129. 

Gallia County, 132, 143, 176. 

Gallipolis, 3, 129, 176. 

Gallipolis Lyceum, 175. 

Galloway, J. S., 142. 

Gambling 123. 

Gano, J. S., 149. 

Gates, Philo, 139. 

Geauga Co., 136, 138, 144, 145, 166, 

167, 168, 169, 170, 172. 
General Assembly, 23, 27, 39, 54, 67, 

88, 92, 95, 100, 102, 106, 107, 114, 

137, 149, 150, 154, 161, 163, 164, 

174. 
Geneva Hall, 97, 159-160. 
George, Thomas, 132. 



INDEX 



237 



German Catholic Library Associa- 
tion, 174. 
Germania College, 97, 155-156. 
German Library Association of Cincin- 

nati, 173. 
German Lutheran Church, 84. 
German Lutheran Seminary of the 
German Lutheran Synod of Ohio, 

83, 144. 
German Lutheran Synod, 83, 144. 
German Reform Church, 153. 
German Reform Synod of Ohio, 96 

153. 
German Reform Theological Seminary 

153. 
Germans, 3, 4. 
German schools, 48. 
Gillett, Isaac, 144. 
Giltruth, James, 135. 
Goode, Burrell, 140. 
Gorman, Isaac M., 144. 
Goshen School Association, 83, 144. 
Governor, 71, 95, 100, 173; duties of, 

62, 64. 
Graham, A. A., 57, 58 (notes). 
Grammar School, 51. 
Grand River Institute, 85, 131. 
Granger Library Association, 172. 
Granville, 166. 
Granville Academy, 81, 134. 
Granville Alexandrian Society, 166 

173, 174. 
Granville College, The, 152, 177. 
Granville Female Seminary, 79, 133. 
Granville Library, 168. 
Granville Literary and Theological In- 
stitution, 87, 96, 152, 177. See also 
Denison University. 
Granville Religious and Literary So- 
ciety, 96. 
Greek letter societies, 112. 
Greene, 168. 
Greene County, 168. 
Greene Township, 176. 
Greenfield Institute, 82, 138-139. 
Greenville Library Association, 171. 
Greenville Treaty Line, 61. 



Griswold, Ezra, 131. 

Guardians, 163. 

Guernsey County, 135, 136, 167. 

Guernsey County Library and Read- 
ing Room, 169. 

Guilford, Nathan, 7, 8, 9, 10, 107. 

Guilford, 170. 

Guilford Lyceum, 175. 

Gustavus Academy, 82, 139. 

Gustavus Centre Library Company, 
170. 

H 

Hackett, George, 158. 
Halleck, John K., 137. 
Halliday, Samuel, 138. 
Hamilton, John, 157. 
Hamilton and Rossville Female Acad- 
emy, 79, 133. 
Hamilton and Rossville Library So- 
ciety, 169. 
Hamilton County, 93, 95, 101, 129, 
134, 151, 157, 158, 161, 163,' 166,' 
167, 168, 172, 173, 176. 
Hancock County, 141. 
Handel Society of Western Reserve 

College, 177. 
Hanover, 124. 
Hanover Social Library Association, 

174. 
Harkwell, Joshua, 146. 
Harlem, 173. 
Harmer Lyceum, 175. 
Harmony Library Company, 170. 
Harmony Library Society, 167. 
Harper, James A., 143. 
Harpersfield, 143, 167. 
Harris, Thaddeus, 110. 
Harrison County, 98, 129, 130, 151, 
158. 

Harrisville Library Association, 169. 

Harrodsburgh, Kentucky, 107. 

Hartford High School, 83, 143. 

Hartford Library Society, 168. 

Harveysburg High School Company, 
83, 145. 



238 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



Haskell, C. N., 142. 

Havriss, Luther, 129. 

Hayden, Daniel, 129. 

Hayes, Seth, 143. 

Haysville, 82. 

Hawley, Timothy, 144. 

Hedges, Elizur, 133. 

Higher education, 87, 98, 117; state 

influence on, 88. 
Higher Institutions, Acts concerning, 

146-160. 
High Falls Primary Institute, 83, 145. 
Highland County, 130. 
Highland Library Association, 171. 
High School of Elyria. See Elyria, 

High School of. 
Hill, John A., 144. 
Hillsborough, 140. 
Hillsborough Academy, 79, 130. 
Hinckley Social Library Company, 

170. 
Hinckley Township, 170. 
Hiram College, 87. 
Historical and Philosophical Society of 

Ohio, 112, 178. 
Historical Society of Ohio, 112, 177. 
Hitchcock, H. L., 154. 
Hoge, James, 8, 9, 131. 
Holcomb, Samuel W., 132. 
Holly, E. H., 140. 
Holmes County, 176. 
Hoover, Isaac, 138. 
Hopewell Library Company, 171. 
Horse racing, 122. 
House of Correction, 166. 
Houston, Andrew, 130. 
Howe, S. G., 102, 164. 
Howell, Andrew, 130. 
Hoyle, John Benjamin, 138. 
Hubbard, Matthew, 131. 
Hubbard Library Company, 168. 
Hubbell, H. M., 141. 
Hudson, David, 128. 
Hudson Township, 151. 
Hughing, J., 141. 
Hunt, John E., 139. 



Hunterian Society, Medical Depart- 
ment, Western Reserve College, 
177. 

Huron County, 38, 129, 130, 136, 138, 
154, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172. 

Huron Institute, 79, 131-132. 

I 

Indian boundary line, 61. 

Indians, Christian, 60. 

Indian title (note), 68. 

Institute of Lower Sandusky, 176. 

Institutes, 111-112. 

Irish, 3. 

J 
Jackson, John E., 139, 141. 
Jackson, Joseph, 158. 
Jamestown Literary Society, 176. 
Jefferson, Thomas, 1. 
Jefferson, 158. 

Jefferson County, 132, 164, 176. 
Jefferson Library Association, 173. 
Jefferson Literary Society of Franklin 

College, 177. 
Jefferson School Association, 83, 144. 
Jefferson Township, 173. 
Jennings, I., 50. 
Johnson, James, 142. 
Johnston, J. B., 159. 
Johnstown Lyceum, 175. 
Judson College, 97, 158. 

K 

Kalida Lyceum and Library Associa- 
tion, 172. 

Keene Academy, 82, 140. 

Keil, William Godfrey, 157. 

Kendal, 105, 125, 167. 

Kenyon College, 87, 92, 96, 112, 150, 
177. 

Keys, William, 130. 

Kirkbridge, David, 145. 

Kilbourne, James, 149. 

Kilburne, James, 129. 

Killingly, Conn., 7. 

Kingstown Township, 176. 

Kingsville High School, 79, 133. 



INDEX 



239 



Kinsman, John, 139. 

Kinsman Academy, 79, 131, 139. 

Kleeman, Ives, 146. 

Knox County, 137, 167, 173. 



Lafayette University, 97, 155. 

Lagrange Library Association, 170. 

Lake County, 166. 

Lancaster, 124. 

Lancaster Academy, 79, 130. 

Lancaster Harmonic Society, 112, 178. 

Lancaster Library Association, 170. 

Land Ordinance of 1785, 58. 

Lane Seminary, 87, 96, 151. 

Lapham, Jonathan, 139. 

Larkin, Abel, 130. 

Latimer, Picket, 136, 

Law of 1838, 49. 

Lawrence County, 139, 172. 

Leasing school lands, 126. 

Lebanon, 176. 

Lebanon Academy, 82, 139, 140. 
Lebanon District, 124. 
Lebanon Library Society, 166. 
Lebanon Medical Society, 161. 
Legal education, 96, 163. 
Legislation, School, 119-178. 
Legislature, 106. 
Leist, Jacob, 155. 
Lemon, Darius, 132. 
Lenox Library Association, 172. 
Lewis, Samuel, 4, 7, 8, 11-13, 21, 23- 
24, 25, 26, 29-30, 43, 46, 72, 75-76, 
106, 114, 115, 116, 120. 
Lexington, 168. 
Liberty Library Society, 168. 
Libraries, 110-111, 166-174. 
Library Association of Harlem, 173. 
Library companies, 129. 
Library Society of London, 169. 
Licenses, 122. 
Licking County, 166, 168, 169, 172, 

175. 
Linton Library Association, 174. 
Liquor, 36, 38, 122, 123. 
Litchfield Lyceum and Society, 175. 



Literary and Botanico Medical College 

161. 
Literary and Philosophical Society 

176. 
Literary, Historical and Philosophical 

Society of Canton, 175. 
Literary Societies, 111-112, 137, 174- 

176. 
Literary Society of St. Joseph's, 83, 144. 
Lithopolis, 124. 
Lithopolis Academy, 81, 138. 
Little, Jacob, 134. 
Little Miami River, 3, 60. 
Little Sandy, 167. 
Liverpool Seminary, 82, 142. 
Logan College, 96, 154. 
Logan County, 142, 144, 159. 
London, 169. 

London Academy, 82, 141. 
Lorain County, 131, 135, 153, 166, 167, 

170,171, 173. 
Lorain County Library Society, 168. 
Lorain Institute, 82, 140. 
Lord, Richard, 138. 
Losantiville, 3. 

Loudonville Academy, 82, 142. 
Loveland, Edwin, 166. 
Lower Sandusky, 176. 
Lower Sandusky Literary and Scien- 
tific Institute, 176. 
Lower Sandusky Phrenological Mes- 
meric Institute, 178. 
Lowry, Joseph, 142. 
Lucas County, 124, 134, 139, 145. 
Lyceums, 111-112, 174-176. 
Lyme and Ridgefield Circulating Li- 
brary Society, 168. 
Lytle, William, 129. 

Mc 

McArthur, Duncan, 3. 
McConnelsville Athenaeum, 175. 
McConnelsville Library and Reading 

Room Association, 172. 
McCulley, Alexander, 134, 135. 
MacDonald, James, 143. 
Mcllvaine, Isaac, 131. 



240 



HISTORY OF KDUCATIONAL LlCCilSf.ATION IN OHIO 



M'Intirc I'oor Sdiool, 105, 125. 
McLane, Patrick, 141. 
McNaiighton, D., 135. 

M 

Madison, 143, 168. 

Madison College, 135. 

Madison County, 141, 169, 173. 

Madison Ivlucation Society, 83, 146. 

Madison Lil.eral Institute, 79, 134. 

Madison Lil)rary Association, 168. 

Malta Lyceum, 175. 

Mann, Horace, 13, 116. 

Mann, Reuben P., 136. 

Manning, James, 159. 

Manning, J. P., 14. 

Mansfield, 130, 133, 171. 

Mansfield Academical Institute, 82, 
142. 

Mansfield Female Seminary, 83, 142. 

Manual Labor, 85. 

Marietta, 3, 66, 110, 123, 169, 176; 
special legislation for, 47. 

Marietta College, 87, 108, 152, 177. 

Marietta Collegiate Institute and 
Western Teachers' .Seminary, 87, 
108, 152, 166, 177. .See also Marietta 
College. 

Marietta Female College, 97, 158. 

Marietta Library, 169. 

Marion Academy, 81, 137. 

Marion County, 137. 

Martin, Geo. H., 5. 

Martinsburg Academy, 81, 137. 

Martinsville .Silliman Institute and Li- 
brary Company, 172. 

Marysviile Library Institute, 172. 

Mas.sachusetts, 116; ]Mil)lic school 
sentiment in, 4. 

Massie, General Nathaniel, 3. 

Massillon Academy, 81, 135. 

Massillon Female Seminary, 81, 136. 

Massillon Library Society, 170. 

Massillon Lyceum, 176. 

Massillon Young Men's Polemic .So- 
ciety, 176. 

Mason, William, 135. 



Madison County, 141. 

Mathews, Joseph J., 140. 

Maumee City, 124. 

Maumee City Academy, 82, 139. 

Mayfield Circulating Library, 173. 

Mayfield Township, 173. 

Mayo, Herman H., 142. 

Mechanics' A.ssociation of Fulton, 176. 

Mechanics' Institute, Lebanon, 176. 

Mechanics' In.stitute, Urbana, 176. 

Mechanics' Instituteof Cincinnati, 112. 

Mechanics' Institute, 112; acts con- 
cerning, 176. 

Mechanics' Lyceum and Library Asso- 
ciation (Warren), 173. 

Mcfiical and Surgical Society of the 
County of Ashland, 162. 

Medical (\,llege of Ohio, The, 94-95, 
147, 160-161. 

Medical C:()nvention, 94-95, 160. 

Medical Department Western Reserve 
College, 177. 

Medical districts, 160. 

Medical education, 93-96, 160-162. 

Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 162; 
also Fclectic Institute. 

Medical malpractice, 123. 

Medical societies, 99, 160. 

Medina Academy, 81, 83, 134, 142. 

Medina County, 38, 133, 134, 166, 169 
170, 171, 172. 

Medina County Athenaeum, 175. 

Medina Medical Lyceum, 161. 

Medsker, David, 142. 

Meigs, Return Jonathan, 88, 146. 

Meigs County, 130, 132, 138, 142. 

Meigs County High .School and Teach- 
ers' Institute, 81, 108, 138. 

Menager, Claude R., 129. 

Mercer County, 172. 

Mesopotamia (Viitral .School Society, 
83, 144. 

Mesopotamia Social Library Company, 
169. 

Messenger, Hiram, 133. 

Methodist ICpiscopal ("hurch, 84, 130, 
132, 137, 138, 141, 155, 156. 



INDEX 



241 



Methodist I'Y'iiuile Collegiate Institute, 
97, 156. 

Methodist Protestant Church, 159. 

Miami County, 3, 135, 169, 173. 

Mianiishiirjj Library Association, 174. 

Miami Presbytery, 142. 

Miami Society of Miami University, 
177. 

Miami Synod, 157. 

Miami Union i.iterary .Society of 
Miami University, 177. 

Miami University, 87, 88, 91-92, 96, 
109, 112, 148-149, 177. 

Middiebiirg High School, 135. 

Middlel)urgh, 141. 

Middleburg High School, 81. 

Middleberry Library Company, 169. 

Middletown Academy and Library 
Association, 82, 139. 

Milford, 143. 

Milford Circulating Library, 168. 

Milford Library Association, 170. 

Milford Union .School Society, 83, 143. 

Miller Academy, 83, 142. 

Ministerial Lands, 58, 65-66. 

Mississippi Valley, 106, 107. 

Mitchell, William, 137. 

Monroe Academical Association, 83, 
145. 

Monroe Academy, 177. 

Monroe County, 135. 

Monroe Lyceum of Natural History, 
and Library Association, 171. 

Monroe Seminary, 81, 135. 

Monroe Travelling and Circulating Li- 
brary Society, 168. 

Monseau, Hortense, 139. 

Montgomery, Academy, 78, 129. 

Montville Social Library Company, 
170. 

Moore, James, 153. 

Moravian school lands, 127. 

Moravian Tract, 54, 60. 

Moravian Tract School Lands, 32. 

Morgan, 175. 

Morgan County, 167, 168. 

Morgan County Medical Society, 162. 



Morris, Thomas A., 156. 

Morrow, Governor, 10. 

Mt. Pleasant Academy, 83, 143. 

Mt. Pleasant Boarding .School, 81, 138. 

Mt. Pleasant Philomathean Society, 

176. 
Mt. Vernon, 45, 60, 124, 132; schools 

of, 49-50. 
Mount V(!rnon Lyceum, 175. 
Mt. Washington College, 97, 158-159. 
Muhlenberg College, 97, 158. 
Muskingum Annual Conference, 159. 
Muskingum College, 87, 96, 154. 
Muskingum C!ounty, 130, 154, 167, 

169, 170, 171. 
Muskingum River, 6, 123. 

N 

Nashee's Comi)ilatioii, 126, 146. 

Neff, William, 155. 

Nelson Academy, 79, 130. 

Nelson Library .Society, 168. 

Neville, Morgan, 175. 

Neville Institute, 81, 135. 

Newark Association for the Promotion 
of Kducation, 83, 145. 

Newark Athenaeum, 175. 

New Athens, 130. 

Newberry .Social Library Society, 169. 

Newburgh Library .Society, 167. 

New Carlisle, 155. 

New Carlisle .Social Library ("ompany, 
173. 

Ncwcomerstown I,iterary .Society, 176. 

New Church, 160. 

New Concord, 154. 

New England influence, 4, 5, 11, 13. 

New England Institution for the Blind, 
102. 

New Hagerstown Academy, 81, 135. 

New Hagerstown Female Seminary, 
81, 138. 

New Lisbon, 124. 

New Lisbon Academy, 78, 82, 129, 1.39. 

New Lisbon Lyceum, 175. 

New Lyme Young Men's Library So- 
ciety, 170. 



242 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



New Orange Library Society, 173. 
New Orphans' Asylum of Colored Chil- 
dren, 165. 
New Paris Library Society, 169. 
New Paris Musical Institute, 113, 178. 
New Philadelphia Academy, 81, 135. 
New Philadelphia Library Society, 

171. 
Newton College, 97, 158. 
New Town Library Company, 166. 
New York State system of schools, 9. 
Normal High School, 82, 141. 
North Adams, Mass., 7. 
Northern Social Library Company of 

Harpersfield, 167. 
North Royalton Social Library Society, 

171. 
North Union School Association of 

Carroll County, 83, 144. 
Northwest Territory, 60. 
Northwood, 159. 
Norwalk, 38. 
Norwalk Academy, 79, 130; see also 

Norwalk Seminary. 
Norwalk Female Seminary, 81, 136. 
Norwalk Institute, 82, 142. 
Norwalk Seminary, 130. 
Notestone, Jonas, 139. 
Nu Pi Kappa Society of Kenyon 

College, 177. 

O 

Oakland Female Seminary of Hills- 
borough, 82, 140. 

Oberlin College, 87, 96, 153. 

Oberlin Collegiate Institute. See Ober- 
lin College. 

Oberlin Young Men's Lyceum, 177. 

Odd Fellows, 174. 

Ohio, 68; admitted to the Union, 1, 88; 
first constitution of, 1; first school 
laws, 1, 19; first settlers of, 2—4; legis- 
lature of, 74. 

Ohio Asylum for Educating the Deaf 
and Dumb, 99-101. 

Ohio Baptist Education Society, 178. 

Ohio City, 124, 138. 



Ohio Company, 57, 58. 

Ohio Company Lands, 9. 

Ohio Company Purchases, 3, 54, 57, 

58, 66, 88,91, 117. 
Ohio Conference High School, 132. 
Ohio Education Society of Evangelical 

Lutheran Church, 178. 
Ohio Institute of Natural Science, 113, 

178. 
Ohio Institution for the Instruction of 

the Blind, 164. 
Ohio legislation, 61-74. 
Ohio Mechanics' Institute, 117, 176. 
Ohio Medical Lyceum, 161. 
Ohio Penitentiary, 166. 
Ohio River, 3, 61, 125. 
Ohio surveys, 57-58. 
Ohio University, 87, 88-91, 92, 96, 109, 

146-148, 177. 
Ohio Wesleyan University, 97, 155. 
Old Presbyterian Church, 142. 
Olive Social Library Society, 168. 
Olmsted, 154. 

Olmsted Library Company, 169. 
Orange Library Association, 173. 
Ordinance of 1785, 6, 58. 
Orphan asylums, 105, 165. 
Orwell Library and Reading Society, 

173. 
Orwell Township, 173. 
Otterbein University, 87, 97, 159. 
Oxford, 88, 149, 154. 
Oxford Female Academy, 81, 137. 
Oxford Female Institute, 83, 142. 
Oxford Library Society, 172. 



Page, G. G., 142. 

Painesville, 38, 144. 

Painesville, Education Society of. See 
Education Society of Painesville. 

Painesville Library Association, 172. 

Painesville Lyceum and Library So- 
ciety, 171. 

Parents support, 28-30. 

Paris Library Association, 171. 

Parkman Academy, 81, 138. 



INDEX 



243 



Parma Library Association, 171. 

Paw, George, 143. 

Pay school, 13-15. 

Pease, John P., 145. 

Peddling, 123. 

Peak, U. H., 134. 

Penfield Library Society, 170. 

Penfield Township, 170. 

Pennsylvania, 60. 

Pennsylvania Synod, 156. 

Perkins, Samuel, 141. 

Perkins, Simon, 136. 

Permanent funds, 31-32. 

Perry County, 130, 144. 

Perrysburgh, 157. 

Perrysburgh Lyceum and Library Asso- 
ciation, 172. 

Peru Lyceum, 175. 

Pestalozzi, 85. 

Phi Delta Society of Western Reserve, 
177. 

Philbrick, S. B., 145. 

Philomathean Literary Institute, 81, 

135. 
Philomathean Society of Ohio Uni- 
versity, 81, 177. 
Philomathesian Society of Kenyon 

College, 112, 177. 
Philosophic Literary Society of Frank- 
lin College, 177. 
Philomathean Literary Society of 

Monroe Academy, 177. 
Phouts, David, 164. 
Phylozethian Society of Western Re- 
serve College, 177. 
Physic, 93, 160. 
Piatt, Benjamin, 161. 
Picket, Robert, 107. 
Pike County, 169. 
Pine Grove Academy, 82, 139. 
Piqua, 125. 
Pittsburg, Pa., 63. 
Plain, 173. 

Platonic Library Society, 166, 171. 
Poland Library Society, 166. 
Pomeroy, Charles R., 142. 
Pomeroy Academy, 83, 142. 



Poor children, schools for, 105, 125. 

Poor Richard, 8. 

Portage County, 125, 129, 135, 136, 
140, 141, 151, 166, 167, 170. 

Porter, 139. 

Portsmouth, 46, 48, 124, 176; schools 
of, 48-49. 

Portsmouth Library Company, 172. 

Portsmouth Mechanics' Institute and 
Mechanics' Library Association, 176. 

Port Washington Lyceum and Library 
Company, 171. 

Potter, Lyman, 129. 

Preble County, 136, 167, 169. 

Preble County Library Society, 167. 

Presbyterian Church, 84, 142, 151. 

Primary Schools, 51. 

Prince, David, 145. 

Profanity, 122. 

Professional education. Acts concern- 
ing, 191-194. 

Protestant Episcopal Church, 150, 165. 

Protestant Methodist Academy of 
Brighton, 82, 139. 

Protestant University of the United 
States, 97, 157. 

Providence College, 97, 156. 

Psi Gamma Society of Marietta Col- 
lege, 177. 

Public Schools, 121. 

Public School system. Methods of com- 
mon school support, 28-38; organi- 
zation of, 17-28. 

Putnam, Rufus, 88, 146. 

Putnam Classical Institute, 79, 134. 

Putnam Family Library, 110. 

Putnam Lyceum, 178. 

Q 

Quakers, 84. See also Friends. 

R 

Ravenna, 124. 
Ravenna Academy, 79, 132. 
Ravenna Female Seminary, 81, 138. 
Ravenna Library Association, 173. 
Rawson, Secretary, 133. 



244 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



Rea, John, 129. 

Reading Mutual Improvement and 

Library Association, 172. 
Reformed Presbyterian Church, 160. 
Refugee Lands, 9. 
Refugee Tract, 54. 
Regular Baptist denomination, 133. 
Revolutionary War, 61. 
Reynolds, John, 130. 
Reznor, John P., 137. 
Rhea, John, 151. 
Rice, Sally, 14. 

Richfield Social Library Company, 202. 
Richland Academic Institute, 82, 142. 
Richland County, 137, 142, 171, 176. 
Richmond, 132, 173. 
Richmond Classical Institute, 79, 132- 

133. 
Richmond College, 133. 
Ripley, See College of. 
Ridgeville Lyceum, 176. 
Rising Sun, Iowa, 107. 
Robinson, David, 134. 
Rockport Lyceum, 175. 
Rockwell, Timothy, 137. 
Rocky River Seminary, 82, 141. 
Rome Academical Company, 83, 144. 
Rome Library Company, 170. 
Roscoe Social Library Company, 170. 
Ross County, 132, 140, 143, 176. 
Ruggles Library Society, 171. 
Rush Medical Society of Willoughby, 

University of Lake Erie, 177. 
Rutland Academy, 79, 130. 
Rutland Library Association, 171. 



Sabbath breaking, 122. 

Sage, N. O., 136. 

St. Aloysius Orphan Asylum, 165. 

St. Clair, Arthur, 1, 2, 3. 

St. Clairsville, 130. 

St. Clairsville Collegiate Seminary, 96, 

153-154. 
St. John's College, 141. 
St. Joseph's, 144. 



St. Mary's Female Educational Insti- 
tute, 82, 139. 

St. Mary's Female Literary Society, 
83, 144. 

St. Mary's Library Association, 172. 

St. Xavier College, 97, 155. 

Salaries, Supt. Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
lum, 164, 165. 

Salaries, Supt. of Blind Asylum, 164, 
165. 

Salem, 167. 

Salem Academy, 82, 140. 

Sargeant, Stephen N., 142. 

Salt lands, 32. 

Sandusky Academy, 81, 136. 

Sandusky Annual Conference, 159. 

Sandusky City Lyceum and Library As- 
sociation, 171. 

Sandusky County, 178. 

Sansberry, Elizabeth, 144. 

Schaeffer, Daniel, 138. 

School for the Blind, 99. 

School funds, laws concerning, 125. 

School lands, 6, 54-74, 116, 127-128; 
laws concerning, 125-127; leasing of, 
62, 64, 65, 72-73; revenue from, 30- 
31; selling of, 62, 63-64, 72-73. 

School law. The first, 119. 

School Officers, 44. 

School tax, 115. 

School year. Length of, 43-44. 

Schools, City and village, 58—68; con- 
trol and supervision of, 38-41; in- 
corporation of, 154-155. 

Scioto County, 168. 

Scioto River, 3, 60, 61. 

Scioto Annual Conference, 159. 

Scotch, 3. 

Scotch-Irish, 3. 

Scott, John W., 137. 

Secretary of State, 13, 26, 39, 173, 174. 

Secondary education, 72-86, 117. 

Secondary institutions. Incorporation 
of, 128-146. 

Secondary schools, 5; incorporation of, 
75-78. 

Seneca County, 140, 143, 169, 170, 174. 



INDEX 



245 



Seneca County Academy, 79, 134. 

Servants, 165. 

Serviss, William G., 155. 

Seven Ranges, 3, 57, 58, 61. 

Sexton, Henry, 136. 

Shannon, Wilson, 156. 

Sharon Academy, 81, 134. 

Shaw Academy, 79, 134. 

Sheffield Manual Labor Institute, 87, 
135. 

Sidney Lyceum, 175. 

Simons, Joshua, 135. 

Sinon, Stephen, 139. 

Skinner, David C, 158. 

Slack, Elijah, 166. 

Smith, Ely B., 136. 

Smithfield, 176. 

Snodgrass, James, 132. 

Social Circulating Library Association, 
169. 

Social Library Company of Madison, 
168. 

Social Library Company of Salem, 167. 

Social Library of Kendal, 167. 

Social Library of Greene, 168. 

Social Library Society, 167. 

Society of United Brethren, 60. 

Soeurs de Notre Dame Female Educa- 
tional Institute, 83, 143. 

Society of United Christians, 178. 

Solomon Thrifty's almanack, 8. 

Special acts, 121-122. 

Spencer, Ezra, 14. 

Spink, John C, 157. 

Sprague, Sidney S., 143. 

Springboro, 176. 

Springboro Library Company, 170. 

Springborough School Company, 83, 
144, 145. 

Springfield, 125, 176; population of, 
45. 

Springfield Female Seminary, 83, 142. 

Springfield High School, 79, 132. 

Springfield Lyceum, 175. 

Stark County, 125, 136, 139, 144, 167, 
175, 176. 

Stark County Lyceum, 175. 



Stark County Orphans' Institute, 105, 

165. 
Starling, Lyne, 162. 
Starling Medical College, 162. 
Stanton, Joseph, 144. 
State Auditor, 163. 

State Board of public instruction, 121. 
State control, 85-86. 
State Library, 111, 167, 171, 173. 
State Literary fund, 122. 
State Medical Convention, The, 94- 

95. 
State Medical Society, 96, 162. 
State School Fund, 32. 
State Superintendent of Schools, 38-39, 

106, 115; office of, created, 11, 27; 

status of, 12-13, 27. 
State system of schools, 5. 
State treasurer, 73. 
State wide taxation, 5. 
Stearns, Timothy, 143. 
Steele, Robert W., 141. 
Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Semi- 
nary, 79, 85, 132. 
Steubenville, 38, 129. 
Steubenville Academy, 78. 
Steubenville Athenaeum, 175. 
Stevenson, Joseph, 156. 
Stockdale, William, 138. 
Stone, Jonathan, 146. 
St owe, C. E., 120. 
Streetsborough High School, 82, 136, 

139. 
Studies, 43. 
Sturges, Ebon P., 130. 
Subscription school, 13-15. 
Suffield Township, Portage Co., 125. 
Suffield Township, Summit Co., 125. 
Summit County, 125, 139, 140, 166, 

172, 173. 
Summit County Medical Society, 162. 
Sunbury Library Association, 168. 
Sunday creek, 110. 
Supreme court, 90, 96, 129. 
Superintendent of Common Schools, 

23-24, 25 (note), 48, 120. 
Surgery, 93, 160. 



246 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



Surplus revenue, 32, 120. 

Swift, George, 151. 

Sylvania High School Company, 83, 

145. 
Symmes, John C, 148. 
Symmes Purchase, 3, 6, 9, 54, 57, 58, 

66,88,91, 117, 149. 

T 

Talbot, David L., 107. 

Tallmadge Academical Institute, 82, 

139, 140. 
Tallmadge Academy, 78, 129. 
Tallmadge Library Association, 173. 
Taxation, 33-36; for schools, 33-35; 

for school buildings, 35-36. 
Teachers, Certification of, 41-42; edu- 
cation of, 166; training of, 106-109. 
Teachers' Institute, 107, 166. 
Teachers' Institute at Fairmound, 108, 

166. 
Teachers' Institutes, 107, 121. 
Territorial act, 126. 
Theological Seminary of the Associated 

Reform Synod of the West, 97, 154. 
Theological Seminary of the Protestant 

Episcopal Church in the Diocese of 

Ohio, 87, 151. See also Kenyon 

College. 
Theological Seminary of the Reformed 

Presbyterian Church, 160. 
Theological Seminary, Reform Synod, 

154. 
Thompson, Thomas, 141. 
Tiffin Academy, 83, 143. 
Titus, Francis J., 139. 
Todd, David, 135. 
Toledo, 46, 48, 124, 149, 172; schools 

of, 48. 
Town schools, Laws concerning, 123- 

125. 
Township clerk, 39-40; the township 

superintendent, 12, 24. 
Township superintendent, 39. 
Townshif) trustees, 63, 64, 72. 
Trimbell, Allan, 152. 
Troy Academy, 81, 135. 



Troy Library Society, 166. 

True, Josiah, 110. 

Trumbull County, 131, 135, 139, 143, 

166,167,168,169,170,171, 173. 
Turner, Austin, 136. 
Tuscarawas County, 60, 127, 135, 136, 

171. 
Twaddle, John, 164. 
Twinsburg Library Association, 172. 

U 

Union Academy, 79, 81, 130, 132, 136. 

Union County, 136, 170, 171. 

Union Library Association of Rich- 
mond, 173. 

Union Library Society of Lexington, 
168. 

Union Literary Society of Miami Uni- 
versity, 177. 

Union School Association, 83, 143. 

Union School District, Springfield, 125. 

United Brethren, 159. 

United Christians, 178. 

United States, 32, 59, 60, 61, 68. 

United States land, 64. 

United States Military Lands, 3, 9, 31, 
32, 54, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 
70, 71, 126, 127. 

United States surplus revenue, 120. 

Universalist Institute, 81, 138. 

University School of Massillon, 79, 134. 

Urbana, 176. 

Urbana Academy, 79, 130. 

Urbana Athenaeum, 175. 

Urbana Juvenile Library, 171. 

Urbana University, 87, 97, 160. 

Utica Library Society, 169. 

V 

Vallandigham, Clement, 129. 
Van Balton, Julia, 143. 
Venable, 14, 110. 
Venice Library Society, 168. 
Vermilion Library Company, 171. 
Vermillion Institute, 82, 141. 
Vernon Library Association, 168. 
Village Library Society of Burton, 16? 



■O j\j 



INDEX 



247 



Vinton Academy, 79, 132. 
Vinton High School, 83, 143. 
Virginia, 59, 61. 
VirginiaMilitaryLands, 3,9,30, 31,32, 

54, 57, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 70, 71, 125, 

126. 
Vorhees, Daniel, 139. 

W 

Wadsworth, 162. 

Wadsworth Academy, 79, 133. 

Wadsworth Library Society, 170. 

Waggoner, Samuel, 134. 

Wallace, James, 154. 

Wallace, Robert, 154. 

Walsh, James, 128. 

Wapakoneta, 138. 

Ward, Ebenezer, 134. 

Ward, Jacob, 154. 

Warner, Wright, 136. 

Warren, 15, 173. 

Warren Academy, 81, 135. 

Warren County, 124, 125, 139, 140, 
144, 145, 170, 172, 176. 

Warren Library Association, 174. 

Washington, 142. 

Washington County, 88, 126, 146, 152, 
167, 168. 

Washington Social Library Company, 
166, 173. 

Waterford, 173. 

Waverly, 169. 

Wayne, Jacob L., 145. 

Wayne Academy, 81, 136. 

Wayne and Cherry Valley Union Li- 
brary Association, 169. 

Wayne County, 132, 139, 157, 166. 

Wayne County Teachers' Association, 
108, 166. 

Waynesburgh, 138. 

Wayne Township Lyceum, 176. 

Waynesville Academy, 82, 140. 

Waynesville Library Company, 167. 

Weller, Joseph, 138. 

Wellington Social Library Company, 
171. 

Wellington Township, 171. 



Wellsville Library Institute, 175. 

Wesleyan Collegiate Institute, 96, 154. 

Wesleyan Female College, 97, 156. 

Wesleyan University, 87. 

West Branch Library Association, 169. 

West Canaan, 173. 

Western Academic Institute and Board 
of Education, 11, 107, 166. 

Western Academy of Natural Sciences, 
113, 178. 

Western Art Union, 113, 178. 

Western Baptist Education Society, 
178. 

Western Book Concern, 156. 

Western College of Homeopathic Med- 
icine, 162. 

Western College of Teachers, 106-107. 

Western Eye and Ear Infirmary, 95. 

Wesleyan Female College, 156. 

Western Female Seminary, 79, 133. 

Western Library Association, 166. 

Western Liberal Institute, 176. 

Western Reserve, 3, 9, 26, 31, 54, 57, 
59, 60, 62, 65, 67, 69, 70, 78, 108, 
109, 127. 

Western Reserve Baptist Academical 
Society, 83, 145. 

Western Reserve College, 87, 96, 151, 
177. See also Western Reserve 
University. 

Western Reserve College, Medical de- 
partment, 96. 

Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, 
83, 87, 143. See also Hiram College. 

Western Reserve Freewill Baptist Edu- 
cational Society, 83, 145. 

Western Reserve Manual Labor Semi- 
nary, 146. 

Western Reserve School Lands, 32, 64, 
65. 

Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary, 
81, 137. 

Western Reserve University, 87, 151. 

Western Reserve Wesleyan Seminary, 
81, 136. 

Western Spy, 13. 

Western Territory, 58, 125, 126. 



248 



HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN OHIO 



Westervelt, Mathew, 137. 

Westerville, 159. 

Westfield Library Society, 171. 

Westfield Township, 171. 

West Jefferson Academical Institute, 

82, 141. 
West Lodi Academy, 82, 140. 
Wheeling, Va., 63. 
Whetstone, Thomas H., 158. 
White, James, 14. 
Whittlesey, Asaph, 139. 
Whittlesey, Charles, 58 (note). 
Wilkesville Lyceum, 176. 
Wilkins, Herman, 143. 
Williams, J. Martin, 140. 
Williams, Joseph, 139. 
Williams, Milo G., 160. 
Williams, Thomas, 13. 
Williamsburg Library Society, 169. 
Williamsfield, 173. 

Willoughby Female Academy, 82, 139. 
Willoughby Medical College, 153. 
Willoughby University of Lake Erie, 

96, 153, 177. 
Willy, Lowry, 165. 
Wilson, Robert, 129. 
Wilson, Robert G., 149. 
Wilson, Samuel L., 138. 
Wilson, William, 134, 157. 
Windham Academy, 79, 133. 
Windham Library Society, 167. 
Windham School Fund, 125. 
Windsor Library Association, 169. 
Winnans, Isaac, 136. 
Wittenberg College, 87, 97, 157. 
Wolcott, Theodore, 131. 
Wood, Stephen, 134. 
Woodbridge, John, 132. 
Wood County, 157, 173. 
Woods, John, 133. 
Woodsfield Lyceum, 175. 
Woodward College of Cincinnati, 131. 
Woodward Free Grammar School, 105, 

125. 



Woodward High School of Cincinnati, 

77, 79, 131. 
Wooster, 125, 157. 
Wooster Academy, 79, 134. 
Wooster Library Society, 166. 
Worthington, 78, 150. 
Worthington Academy, 78, 129. 
Worthington College, 96, 150. 
Worthington Female Seminary, 81, 138. 
Worthington Literati, 172, 
Wright, Elizur, 129. 
Wright, Thomas C, 143. 

X 

Xenia, 137. 

Xenia Academy, 82, 142. 
Xenia Female Academy, 83, 143. 
Xenia Lyceum, 175. 



Yellow vSpring Library Society, 168. 

Young, Alexander, 135, 142. 

Young Men's Association of the City 
of Toledo, 172. 

Young Men's Book Association of 
West Canaan, 173. 

Young Men's Catholic Association of 
Cincinnati, 174. 

Young Men's Franklin Society of Gran- 
ville College, 177. 

Young Men's Literary Association of 
Springfield, 176. 

Young Men's Mercantile Library Asso- 
ciation of Cincinnati, 171. 

Young Men's Reading and Literary 
Society of Morgan, 175. 

Youngstown, 14. 

Youth's Neville Library Society, 172. 

Z 

Zanesville, 46, 49, 105, 124, 125, 142; 

schools of, 48-49. 
Zanesville Athenaeum, 174. 
Zanesville Juvenile Lyceum, 175. 
Zanesville Presbytery, 142. 



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